5 research outputs found
Estimation of Reservoir Discharges from Lake Nasser and Roseires Reservoir in the Nile Basin Using Satellite Altimetry and Imagery Data
No full textThis paper presents the feasibility of estimating discharges from Roseires Reservoir (Sudan) for the period from 2002 to 2010 and Aswan High Dam/Lake Nasser (Egypt) for the periods 1999–2002 and 2005–2009 using satellite altimetry and imagery with limited in situ data. Discharges were computed using the water balance of the reservoirs. Rainfall and evaporation data were obtained from public domain data sources. In situ measurements of inflow and outflow (for validation) were obtained, as well. The other water balance components, such as the water level and surface area, for derivation of the change of storage volume were derived from satellite measurements. Water levels were obtained from Hydroweb for Roseires Reservoir and Hydroweb and Global Reservoir and Lake Monitor (GRLM) for Lake Nasser. Water surface areas were derived from Landsat TM/ETM+ images using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The water volume variations were estimated by integrating the area-level relationship of each reservoir. For Roseires Reservoir, the water levels from Hydroweb agreed well with in situ water levels (RMSE = 0.92 m; R2 = 0.96). Good agreement with in situ measurements were also obtained for estimated water volume (RMSE = 23%; R2 = 0.94) and computed discharge (RMSE = 18%; R2 = 0.98). The accuracy of the computed discharge was considered acceptable for typical reservoir operation applications. For Lake Nasser, the altimetry water levels also agreed well with in situ levels, both for Hydroweb (RMSE = 0.72 m; R2 = 0.81) and GRLM (RMSE = 0.62 m; R2 = 0.96) data. Similar agreements were also observed for the estimated water volumes (RMSE = 10%–15%). However, the estimated discharge from satellite data agreed poorly with observed discharge, Hydroweb (RMSE = 70%; R2 = 0.09) and GRLM (RMSE = 139%; R2 = 0.36). The error could be attributed to the high sensitivity of discharge to errors in storage volume because of the immense reservoir compared to inflow/outflow series. It may also be related to unaccounted spills into the Toshka Depression, overestimation of water inflow and errors in open water evaporation. Therefore, altimetry water levels and satellite imagery data can be used as a source of information for monitoring the operation of Roseires Reservoir with a fairly low uncertainty, while the errors of Lake Nasser are too large to allow for the monitoring of its operation
PLURALITAS PEMAHAMAN MASYARAKAT MUSLIM YOGYAKARTA TENTANG PERCERAIAN
No full textDivorces conducted outside the court create a condition of
liminality. While legally valid under Islamic law, such divorces are
not recognized by the state, potentially disadvantaging one party. The
pluralistic nature of divorce laws in Indonesia leads to varied public
perceptions of divorce. This study aims to analyze the understanding
of divorce among Muslim communities in Yogyakarta, the influence
of state laws and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) on public perception,
and the factors reinforcing this pluralistic understanding.
This research employs a socio-legal approach. The author
collected data through interviews with 31 informants across
Yogyakartaand relevant documents on Indonesia’s divorce laws. The
data were analyzed using a conceptual framework developed based on
Peter L. Berger’s social construction theory and Khaled Abu el Fadl’s
theory of legal authority.
The findings reveal that, first, there are three primary
understandings of divorce within Muslim communities in Yogyakarta:
(1) Santri (devout Muslims) view divorce as an absolute right of the
husband that does not require court proceedings; (2) urban Muslims
believe divorces must occur in court; (3) traditional Muslims consider
a marriage dissolved when one or both spouses leave the home
indefinitely due to conflict.
Second, the study finds that fiqh dominates the understanding of
Muslims in Mlangi, while formal law holds greater legal certainty
among Muslims in Kotagede. Meanwhile, Muslims in Saptosari tend
to disregard both and adhere to local customs.
Third, the diversity of understanding and attitudes of society
towards divorce is influenced by several factors. First, religious
figures play an significant role in shaping the views of society: santri
adhere to fiqh, urban communities prefer formal legal channels for
their rational approach, and traditional communities adopt simpler
resolutions. Second, fear of social stigma leads some individuals to
avoid formally declaring divorce, thereby risking their rights, such as maintenance during the ‘iddah (waiting) period. Third, Social
constructs, educational backgrounds, and economic conditions further
contribute to this diversity. Higher education correlates with greater
access to formal legal resources, while less-educated individuals are
more tradition-bound. This diversity reflects the interaction of social,
cultural, religious, and legal factor
Effect of Roasting on the Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Functional Properties of Afrostyrax lepidophyllus (Country Onion) Seeds
No full textAfrostyrax lepidophyllus seed is a nontimber forest product which has a strongly ferocious smell of garlic or onion. It is widely used in central and west Africa in traditional medicine and as spices. The seeds used as spices are generally roasted in order to improve their flavor or aroma. However, roasting conditions vary and also affect the quality of the final product. In order to define the best roasting conditions, A. lepidophyllus seeds were roasted using microwave (200, 300, and 450 W for 10 min), oven (10 and 20 min at 180°C), and pot (5, 10 and 15 min) and blended into flour. The proximate composition, physical, functional, and antioxidant activities of (control) and roasted flours were analyzed. Irrespective of the roasting method, there was a significant increase in fiber content (oven (0.5–1.20%), pot (0.47–1.27%), and microwave (0.50–0.93%)) with increase in time and temperature. The carbohydrate content increased (77.74–81.50%), while protein content dropped with roasting. A significant increase in ash, total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant activity (AOA), and functional properties compared to the control was recorded. Roasting A. lepidophyllus seeds in the pot at 250 ± 5°C, 15 min was found to be a good method which maintained or increased its functional and physicochemical properties. With the good TPC and AOA, A. lepidophyllus roasted flour can be a potential ingredient for nutraceutical food development
Implementasi, Kendala dan Efektifitas Kursus Pranikah di KUA Kecamatan Pontianak Tenggara
No full textThis article is aimed to explain the implementation of the premarital course, the constraints, and the effectiveness of the Regulation of Director General Bimas Islam No. DJ. II/542 Years 2013 concerning the Guidelines on the Implementation of the Premarital Course in the KUA Southeast Pontianak Sub-District. That is because KUA Southeast Pontianak Sub-District did not implement this provision optimally. The type of research the author uses is empirical legal research with a sociological-juridical approach. There are three research results in this paper. First, the premarital course in the KUA Southeast Pontianak Sub-District is held once a week. The resource person delivered four materials with the lecture and answer method, namely reproductive health, reproductive health, marital law, fostering sakīnah families, and the resilience of families. These materials are submitted by the Officers of the Health Service, Head, and the Functional Headman (Penghulu) KUA Southeast Pontianak Sub-District. After attending a premarital course, the bride candidate received a certificate from BP4. Secondly, there are two obstacles experienced by the KUA Southeast Pontianak Sub-District that have not fully implemented the Regulation of Director General Bimas Islam No. DJ. II/542 Years 2013, namely the absence of fees for the Speaker’s honorarium and yet to be present and the management of the leadership related to the implementation. Third, the guidelines for administering prenuptial courses have not been effectively implemented at KUA Southeast Pontianak Sub-District, because there are no derivative rules from these regulations (substance), the unreadiness of officials and employees in implementing them (structure), and the public’s assumption that prenuptial courses are only a formality (legal culture)
