1,721,013 research outputs found
Informatic tools and platforms for enhancing plant R-gene discovery process
No full textThe development of pathogen resistant crops is increasingly important in the face of the global climate changes and of the new agriculture requirements. In the past decades, an enormous amount of genomic information has been released. Plant breeders can take advantage of information provided by bioinformatic supports to increase the likelihood of obtaining resistant genotypes. Basic information on resistance genes (R-genes) and resistant genotypes can be recovered in database developed or facilitating scientific literature and genetic resources search. Bioinformatic tools that enable the analysis of the R-gene organization in individual genomes, the detection of genetic diversity in different individuals, the assessment of relationships between genomes and the localization of individual R-genes are also available. Cross investigations of plant expression pattern during pathogen challenge promote several biological observations and discoveries. The accessibility of genetic and genomic resources could be improved by the development of platforms to link and integrate databases and tools. Advanced efforts to build up an integrated crop improvement information network are depicted
Occupational chemical exposure and breast cancer risk according to hormone receptor status: A systematic review
Full text linkBreast cancers include a heterogeneous group of diseases with clinical behaviors that may vary according to the hormonal receptor status. However, limited knowledge is available on the role of breast cancer environmental and occupational risk factors in the onset of specific molecular disease phenotypes. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an overview on the possible correlation between occupational chemical exposures and breast cancers with a specific receptor pattern. Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically reviewed to identify all the studies addressing chemical exposure in workplaces and risk of breast cancer classified according to the presence of estrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Some positive associations were reported between solvent, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, organophosphoric insecticide, and synthetic fiber exposure and estrogen receptor-positive cases, while other investigations demonstrated a relationship with receptor-negative tumors or failed to detect any significant effect. Overall, further investigation should overcome limitations due to the self-reported information on work histories, the chemical classification in general categories, and the lack of environmental or biological monitoring exposure data. This may support the development of suitable and individually “tailored” occupational risk assessment and management strategies to protect the health of exposed workers, particularly those with hypersusceptibility conditions
Comparison of Tomato Transcriptomic Profiles Reveals Overlapping Patterns in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses
No full text: Until a few years ago, many studies focused on the transcriptomic response to single stresses. However, tomato cultivations are often constrained by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress that can occur singularly or in combination, and several genes can be involved in the defensive mechanism response. Therefore, we analyzed and compared the transcriptomic responses of resistant and susceptible genotypes to seven biotic stresses (Cladosporium fulvum, Phytophthora infestans, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tuta absoluta) and five abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, low temperatures, and oxidative stress) to identify genes involved in response to multiple stressors. With this approach, we found genes encoding for TFs, phytohormones, or participating in signaling and cell wall metabolic processes, participating in defense against various biotic and abiotic stress. Moreover, a total of 1474 DEGs were commonly found between biotic and abiotic stress. Among these, 67 DEGs were involved in response to at least four different stresses. In particular, we found RLKs, MAPKs, Fasciclin-like arabinogalactans (FLAs), glycosyltransferases, genes involved in the auxin, ET, and JA pathways, MYBs, bZIPs, WRKYs and ERFs genes. Detected genes responsive to multiple stress might be further investigated with biotechnological approaches to effectively improve plant tolerance in the field
Empowering crop resilience to environmental multiple stress through the modulation of key response components
No full textCrop plants have developed a multitude of defense and adaptation responses to protect themselves against invading pathogens and challenging environmental stresses, mostly operating jointly. The plant perception of overall stress induces a coordinated response mediated by complex signaling networks. Experimental evidences proved that plant response to combined biotic and abiotic stresses substantially diverge from the responses to individual stresses. Moreover, the cross-talk of signaling pathways involved in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses is pivoted on several converging elements able to simultaneously modulate the timing and amplitude of the overall plant response. Comprehensively, the interaction between biotic and abiotic stresses can dramatically changes the plant response to the individual stress and the phenotypical outcome of each stress factor. System biology and data mining can synergistically help biologists in finding out regulative mechanisms and key genes controlling the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Deploying new genetic engineering solutions can rely on the modification of genes involved in resistance/tolerance processes and/or in the modulation of regulatory elements. Finally, a model of the engineered crop for enhanced tolerance to pressures resulting from invasive pathogens and abiotic constraints in semiarid and warm environment is discussed
Misure di qualità video percepita tramite software per analisi oggettiva di segnali video digitali
No full textIn questa memoria viene affrontata la tematica delle misure di qualità video di filmati digitali, nello
specifico di tipo DVB-T con codifica MPEG2. In particolare, vengono analizzate le prestazioni di un
software (VQM) capace di fornire indicazioni oggettive della qualità percepita a livello di utente
finale. Strumenti di questo tipo sono da considerarsi essenziali per l’intero ambito delle
comunicazioni digitali, ove l’impiego e l’erogazione di filmati video è sempre più oggetto di
interesse
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
- …
