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PERILAKU ALTRUISTIK TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL REFLEKSI SOSIAL BUDAYA SUKU TORAJA DALAM NOVEL PUYA KE PUYA KARYA FAISAL ODDANG (SOCIO-CULTURAL REFLECTION IN FAISAL ODDANG’S NOVEL PUYA KE PUYA)
Get PDFAbstract Socio-cultural Reflection in Faisal Oddang’s Novel Puya ke Puya. This study describes the individual and socio-cultural aspects of the Toraja tribe, as reflected in the novel Puya ke Puya. This is qualitative research using the approach of the sociology of literature. This research's object is a novel entitled "Puya ke Puya," written by Faisal Odang. The focus of this research is the socio-cultural aspects of the Toraja tribe. This research's data are in the form of words, sentences, and discourses in the novel. This research combines the sociology of literature and anthropology of literature. Through these two approaches, the researcher describes the socio-cultural aspects of the community of Toraja. Data that have been collected were analyzed using a data analysis technique model developed by Talcott Parson.The social aspects of the Toraja tribe in the novel include economic systems such as livelihoods, government systems, and social community systems such as social strata. Meanwhile, the cultural aspects of the Toraja culture include belief systems, myths, and culture. Then the individual aspect consists of the individual aspect by reviewing the characters in the novel. The results of data analysis show that the social and cultural aspects of Toraja in Puya ke Puya related to the dominant livelihood system are agriculture and livestock; The two sectors have a major influence on the social and cultural life of the Toraja people. Then in terms of governance, the Toraja community has a customary community led by Pennuluan; and the last is the caste system in Toraja, which is composed of four castes, which are the basis of all the implementation of cultural life in Toraja. The next portrait concerning cultural aspects is a belief system called Aluk Todolo. The Aluk Tadolo belief system is the foundation of Toraja's culture, such as the two major rituals, namely the Rambu Tuka "or happiness ceremony and the Rambu Solo" as a mourning ceremony. The last one is that the novel shows the individual aspects of Toraja's community, which are generally still bound by culture and society. Key words: social aspects, cultural aspects, Toraja tribe, novels Abstrak Refleksi Sosial Budaya Suku Toraja dalam Novel Puya ke Puya Karya Faisal Oddang. Penelitian ini akan dipaparkan mengenai aspek sosial, aspek budaya dan aspek individu suku Toraja yang terdapat dalam novel Puya ke Puya. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra, adapun objek penelitian ini adalah novel yang berjudul “Puya ke Puya” karya Faisal Odang dengan fokus penelitian ini adalah aspek sosial budaya suku Toraja. Data dan sumber data yang dijadikan sebagai Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya Vol 11, No 2, Oktober 2021 ISSN 2089-0117 (Print) Page 275 – 285 ISSN 2580-5932 (Online) 276 ǀ Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya objek penelitian ini adalah data yang berupa kata, kalimat, dan wacana yang ada di dalam novel Puya ke Puya karya Faisal Oddang. Penelitian ini memadukan telaah sosiologi sastra dan antropologi sastra. Dengan penggabungan pendekatan tersebut diperoleh deskripsi data aspek sosial budaya masyarakat Toraja. Data-data yang diperoleh dianilisis dengan menggunkan model teknik analisis data yang dikembangkan oleh Tallcot Parson. Aspek sosial suku Toraja yang terdapat dalam novel Puya ke Puya karya Faisal Oddang meliputi sistem ekonomi seperti mata pencarian, sistem pemerintahan dan sistem komunitas kemasyarakatan seperti strata sosial. sementara itu untuk Aspek budaya budaya suku Toraja meliputi sistem kepercayaan, mitos, kebudayaan. Kemudian aspek individu menguraikan aspek individu dengan meninjau tokoh dalam novel. Dari hasil analisis data, diperoleh hasil bahwa dalam aspek sosial budaya di Toraja dalam novel Puya ke Puya menunjukkan bahwa sistem mata pencarian yang dominan adalah dari sektor pertanian dan peternakan, sebab kedua sektor tersebut berpengaruh besar dalam kehidupan sosial dan budaya masyarakat Toraja, kemudian dari segi pemerintahan masyarkat Toraja mempunyai komunitas adat yang dipimpin oleh Pennuluan, dan yang terakhir adalah sistem kasta di Toraja tersusun atas empat kasta yang menjadi dasar dari segala pelaksanaan kehidupan berbudaya di Toraja. Gambaran selajutnya adalah dari segi aspek budaya yang menunjukkan bahwa di Toraja terdapat sistem kepercayaan yang disebut Aluk Todolo yang merupakan landasan dari kebudayaan yang ada di Toraja, seperti dua ritual besar yakni Rambu Tuka’ atau upacara kegembiraan dan Rambu solo’ sebagai upacara duka cita. Dan yang terakhir bahwa dalam novel tersebut menujukkan mengenai aspek individu masyarakat suku Toraja yang pada umumnya masih terikat oleh budaya dan sosial. Kata-kata kunci: aspek sosial, aspek budaya, suku Toraja, nove
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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