1,721,083 research outputs found
Trends in obesity among Norwegian children from 1970-2012, presentation of possible measures to reduce this public health problem = Utvikling i overvekt blant norske barn i perioden mellom 1970-2012, og presentasjon av tiltak som kan benyttes for å redusere dette folkehelseproblemet
No full textAbstract:
Background: Obesity is defined as BMI over 25. There is evidence of an increasing incidence of obesity among Norwegian children, and various studies show that between 15 to 20% are in the category of overweight.
Purpose: Finding Norwegian children's weight trends in the period 1970 - 2012, and figure out which methods are the best suited to the prevention and weight loss among children.
Material and Methods: The data are obtained from the medical database Medline (Ovid), and research found through searches in health directorate reports. Results are presented from a systematic search that focuses on studies that show 1: increased obesity among Norwegian children, and 2: interventions and preventive measures against child obesity.
Results: The search result confirms that there has been a marked increase in obesity among Norwegian children between 1970 -2012
Several intervention studies which prove efficacy in the prevention and direct intervention against child obesity were also found.
Conclusion: This Literature study shows a noticeable increase in obesity among Norwegian children in the period 1970 - 2012. There are indications that family interventions of lifestyle modification and behavior therapy are the measures needed to achieve these goals.
Key Words: children, obesity, Norway, development, intervention, initiative
Tverrfaglighet og digitalisering mellom skolefagene mat og helse og naturfag
Full text linkBakgrunn og hensikt: Masteroppgaven har tverrfaglig undervisning og digitalisering som tema. Tverrfaglighet og digitalisering er to begreper som er svært sentrale i den nye læreplanen. Tverrfaglighet kan enkelt forklares med samarbeid på tvers av fag på ulike nivåer. Digitalisering i denne oppgaven blir brukt i form av digitale verktøy og viktigheten av digitalisering av skolen. Oppgavens problemstilling har vært «Hvordan kan tverrfaglighet mellom skolefagene mat og helse og naturfag styrkes ved bruk av tverrfaglige pedagogiske filmer i undervisningen?».
Metode og utvalg: Studien har ett kvalitativ forskningsdesign med fenomenologisk tilnærming og den er innenfor det sosial konstruktivistiske synet. Utvalget bestod av informanter på 6. trinn som både har mat og helse og naturfag. Det ble gjort seks fokusgruppeintervjuer. Totalt deltok 32 elever fra tre ulike skoler i Agder. Intervjuene ble transkribert og kodet.
Resultater og funn: Informantene trekker frem flere fordeler og ulemper ved å jobbe tverrfaglig. Fordeler som å lære mer om temaet og ulemper som at man ikke får lært noe nytt gikk igjen. Det blir også trukket frem at alle informantene har erfaring med bruk av digitale verktøy og digitalisering i skolen, men at det er lite brukt i mat og helse. Informantene trekker også frem at de ønsket begrepsforklaringer og oppgaver etter de hadde sett filmen for å forstå de bedre.
Konklusjon: For å styrke tverrfaglighet mellom mat og helse og naturfag ved bruk av film i undervisningen, er selve undervisningsopplegget sentralt, hvor begrepsforklaringer og lærerens posisjon er viktig
Appetitt og måltidsglede hos eldre - det lille som skal til
Full text linkBakgrunn: Kostholdet spiller en viktig rolle for muligheten til å leve et aktivt liv med god helse, også når man blir eldre. Med økende alder skjer flere biologiske, sosiale og kognitive forandringer som kan gi økte ernæringsutfordringer. Underernæring blant eldre er et stort folkehelseproblem. Økende alder øker risikoen for kroniske lidelser. Et sunt kosthold, samt inntak av nok mat, kan forebygge og gjøre slike lidelser enklere å leve med. I tillegg har det store helseøkonomiske konsekvenser.
Hensikt/problemstilling: Målet med denne pilotstudien har vært å undersøke om små visuelle tiltak rundt måltidet påvirker matlysten til eldre brukere av dagsenteret, samt undersøke hvordan slike tiltak oppleves av både brukere og ansatte.
Metode: Studien har brukt både kvantitativ- og kvalitativ metode. Utvalget for den kvantitative delen av studien var n= 15. Deltakernes tallerkener ble veid før og etter måltidet for å undersøke om et mer pyntet bord fikk dem til å spise mer. Utvalget for den kvalitative delen av studien var n=6. Det ble utført et fokusgruppeintervju av brukerne og et parintervju av ansatte. Systematisk tekstkondensering (STC) ble brukt som analysemetode.
Resultater: Det var ingen klare forskjeller i mengden rester mellom pyntet og ikke pyntet bord. Intervjuene viste at brukerne satte pris på et pent dekket bord og at de ansatte også hadde registrert dette.
Konklusjon: Det kan ikke konkluderes med at visuelle virkemidler har en effekt på eldres appetitt, men intervjuene indikerer at de visuelle tiltakene kan ha en innvirkning på måltidsopplevelsen til eldre.
Nøkkelord: Eldre, underernæring, dagsenter, visuell presentasjon, appetitt
The consumption of lean and fatty fish, different dietary patterns, and the risk of cancers of various sites
Full text linkThe present work includes women from three cohorts: the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, and a sub-cohort from the NOWAC study termed the Norwegian EPIC cohort (NEPIC).
Despite large differences in nutritional values in lean and fatty fish most studies on fish consumption and cancer do not diverse between these two types of fish. In the present work consumption of lean and fatty fish has been examined in association with breast cancer in the EPIC study, and in association with colon cancer in the NOWAC study.
Looking at dietary patterns is a relatively new approach in nutrition epidemiology, and may give a better understanding of the relationship between diet and health. In this work, dietary patterns were identified from the NEPIC cohort, using a combination of factor and cluster analyses. The patterns were further investigated in order to reveal any relationship with cancer of various sites. Total cancer, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal cancers were examined.
There were no clear association with fish consumption and breast cancer in the EPIC study. Likewise, there were no association between fish consumption and colon cancer risk in the NOWAC study. However, when dividing lean fish into fried and poached fish, we found a statistical significant increased risk of colon cancer with high intake of poached fish.
Six different dietary patterns were identified in the NEPIC cohort. Overall, none of the dietary patterns identified was associated with cancer risk. There was, however, a somewhat higher risk of total cancer and breast cancer for women with a westernised pattern, and for total cancer for women with an alcohol pattern for some of the stratified analysis
Improving brain creatine uptake by Klotho protein stimulation: can diet hit the big time?
Full text linkCreatine plays a pivotal role in cellular bioenergetics, acting as a temporal and spatial energy buffer in cells with high and fluctuating energy requirements (1). Jeopardizing delicate creatine homeostasis can be detrimental to many energy-demanding tissues, including the brain. For instance, cerebral creatine hypometabolism accompanies various neurological conditions, including a number of developmental disorders (2, 3), neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases (4, 5), and brain cancer (6). A reduced creatine availability in the brain has been thus recognized as an apposite therapeutic target, and supplying exogenous creatine to compensate for a disease-driven shortfall emerged as a first possible approach. However, early success in animal models of neurological diseases was not corroborated in human trials, with the use of creatine supplementation proved largely disappointing in clinical studies with a number of symptomatic neurological disorders [for a detailed review, see (7)]. A meager delivery of creatine to the brain could be partly due to a low activity/density of creatine transporter (CT1 or SLC6A8), a transmembrane sodium- and chloride-dependent protein that mediates creatine uptake into the target cells (8). For that reason, the upregulation of CT1 function has been identified as an innovative course of action to facilitate creatine uptake, with several exotic agents and routes were cataloged so far, including glucocorticoid-regulated kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, ammonia, and Klotho protein (9)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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