68 research outputs found
Causal beliefs about depression in different cultural groups – What do cognitive psychological theories of causal learning and reasoning predict?
No full textCognitive psychological research focusses on causal learning and reasoning while cognitive anthropological and social science research tend to focus on systems of beliefs. Our aim was to explore how these two types of research can inform each other. Cognitive psychological theories (causal model theory and causal Bayes nets) were used to derive predictions for systems of causal beliefs. These predictions were then applied to lay theories of depression as a specific test case. A systematic literature review on causal beliefs about depression was conducted, including original, quantitative research. Thirty-six studies investigating 13 non-Western and 32 Western cultural groups were analysed by classifying assumed causes and preferred forms of treatment into common categories. Relations between beliefs and treatment preferences were assessed. Substantial agreement between cultural groups was found with respect to the impact of observable causes. Stress was generally rated as most important. Less agreement resulted for hidden, especially supernatural causes. Causal beliefs were clearly related to treatment preferences in Western groups, while evidence was mostly lacking for non-Western groups. Overall predictions were supported, but there were considerable methodological limitations. Pointers to future research, which may combine studies on causal beliefs with experimental paradigms on causal reasoning, are given
How to weigh lives. A computational model of moral judgment in multiple-outcome structures
No full textHow causal structure, causal strength, and foreseeability affect moral judgments
No full texthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010977 Cognitive Neuroscience Societ
The Perceived Dilution of Causal Strength
Get PDFDependency theories of causal cognition, like causal Bayes net theory, postulate that the strength of causal links is independent of the causal structure in which they are embedded. We propose a new theory that postulates that people's concept of causality is richer, and that predicts an influence of causal structure on strength intuitions. According to the theory, people's concept of causality involves the idea that causal powers behave like phenomena studied in fluid dynamics: Continuous causes are assumed to spread their capacity across causal pathways, akin to fluids running through pipe systems. The theory predicts a perceived dilution of causal strength. A series of experiments (N = 3,733) and a meta-analysis corroborate the theory. For common causes, people perceive the strength of individual links to decrease with the number of links. In causal chains, people perceive a link strength gradient. This dilution effect disappears for genuinely binary causal variables
Can a Question Be a Lie? An Empirical Investigation
No full textIn several recent papers and a monograph, Andreas Stokke argues that questions can be misleading, but that they cannot be lies. The aim of this paper is to show that ordinary speakers disagree. We show that ordinary speakers judge certain kinds of insincere questions to be lies, namely questions carrying a believed false presupposition the speaker intends to convey. These judgements are robust and remain so when the participants are given the possibility of classifying the utterances as misleading or as deceiving. The judgements contrast with judgements participants give about cases of misleading or deceptive behaviour, and they pattern with judgements participants make about declarative lies. Finally, the possibility of lying with non-declaratives is not confined to questions: ordinary speakers also judge utterances of imperative, exclamative and optative sentences carrying believed-false presuppositions to be lies
Glocalizing genre fiction in the global South
Get PDFThis study offers a comprehensive overview of post-millennial Indian (English) and Latin American crime fiction. Drawing on genre theory and the field of literature & globalization, Neele Meyer examines the history of crime fiction and traces similar developments in the book markets in these largely disconnected regions.
In an analysis of the characteristics of the genre, the author studies the works of 17 writers from India, Argentina and Chile focusing on aspects like detective figures (particularly women detectives or journalists), the plot structure, intertextuality, settings or the impact of media and technology. The analysis shows that authors consciously choose the globally circulating genre and modify it as “social commentaries” to accommodate economic or social transformations. Neele Meyer challenges the idea that the global presence of the genre leads to homogenization and argues that global circulation of crime fiction in the Global South is a ‘glocal’ phenomenon that reflects the heterogeneous outcomes of processes of globalization
Encyclopaedia heraldica, or, Complete dictionary of heraldry /
No full textEngraved t.-p.s, with vignettes.v.1. Complete dictionary of heraldry. Glover's Ordinary of arms, augm. and improved, with indexes, &c. Mottos of the nobility &c. Appendix, containing baronets of Scotland and Ireland... Supplement to Dictionary of heraldry, and addenda -- v.2. Dictionary of arms of the principal private families in England, Scotland, and Ireland -- v.3. Explanatory plates to the Dictionary of heraldry, orders of knighthood and the arms of subscribersMode of access: Internet.Plates engraved by James Joshua Neele, Josiah Neele, John Walker, James Mutlow, and Oliver; after James Joshua Neele, Josiah Neele, and James Mutlow.BAC : British Art Center copy is bound in 2 vols., in original boards
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