1,721,129 research outputs found
Museumskommunikation: Kulturspezifischer Wissenstransfer durch Audioguides
Full text linkThis paper presents a pilot study of audioguides concerning paintings from museums in Italy, Germany and Denmark. The study combines an analysis of speech actions based on categories from the theory of Funktionale Pragmatik with a frame-oriented analysis of knowledge relevant for understanding the audioguide texts, which can be assessed from the formulation choices made by the authors. The focus of the paper is on building a descriptive and analytical tool to identify characteristics of German, Danish and Italian art audioguides. The aim of the study is to establish first results to be substantiated in future work also concerning the receiver modelling (Hörer:innen-Modellierung) in the investigated audioguides and furthermore to see whether intercultural differences are visible in the texts.
The study shows that the same speech actions are present in audioguides from different cultures, but that they occur in different proportions according to the specific culture. Along similar lines, it was possible to create a consistent coding system concerning types of knowledge conveyed in the audioguides that enables us to assess and compare the results of analysing the texts. This analysis, too, indicates intercultural differences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Zwischen Bestimmtheit und strategischer Offenheit: Zur sprachlichen Qualifizierung deutscher und schweizerischer Sanktionsnormen
No full textIl contributo focalizza l’attenzione sulla duplice funzione del testo legislativo, e cioè di configurare un assetto di regole, il più possibile precise e trasparenti, ma di consentire allo stesso tempo la loro interpretazione ed applicazione in contesti differenti e circostanziati. I testi presi in esame appartengono a due culture giuridiche diverse ma riguardano lo stesso ambito legislativo. L’analisi comparativa, condotta su norme analoghe del codice penale tedesco e di quello svizzero, ha portato a nuovi risultati in merito ai tratti caratterizzanti del linguaggio normativo ed alle strategie linguistiche adoperate dai rispettivi legislatori nazionali. In particolare emergono delle divergenze per quanto riguarda alcuni tipi di frasi e di costrutti che hanno la funzione di “qualificare” la norma e che pertanto modificano il “vincolo interpretativo” che influisce sulla sua applicazione. Nella fattispecie si tratta dell’uso delle subordinate, atte a specificare il reato e le sue circostanze, nonché dell’uso di aggettivi e di altre espressioni, volutamente vaghe, inserite in queste stesse subordinate. Si è verificato che il codice penale tedesco tende ad una maggiore esplicitezza nel precisare i casi di applicazione della norma in questione. Tale tendenza trova riscontro nell’uso elevato di specificazioni condizionali e relative, ma si affianca, tuttavia, ad un uso diffuso di espressioni vaghe. Il codice penale svizzero invece evidenzia un uso più contenuto di tali strategie di precisazione e di de-precisazione. Le scelte linguistiche operate per mantenere il delicato equilibrio tra i due obiettivi (di cui sopra) portano spesso alla rinuncia ad un uso di elementi di specificazione. Tale tendenza è, almeno in parte, riconducibile alla realtà plurilingue della Svizzera ed in particolare alla volontà del legislatore svizzero di evitare possibili problemi di traduzione configurando delle norme sintetiche e concise, ma proprio per questo aperte a diverse sfumature di interpretazione
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Any dispute shall be settled by arbitration': a study of vagueness in international model arbitration clauses
No full textThis contribution focuses on the legal and linguistic construction of model arbitration clauses printed in the bilingual arbitration rules of Italian Chambers of Commerce offering international arbitration and conciliation services to business. Within this contractual sub-genre, a discussion is offered of textual features whose subjective interpretation appears to undermine the legal authority of provisions. Such texts will be analysed and discussed in the light of parallel clauses published by the European Network for Dispute Resolution (Brussels), the International Chamber of Commerce (Paris) and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (New York)
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