1,720,963 research outputs found
Sistem ekonomi dalam konstitusi iran pasca revolusi tentang kepemilikan dan implikasinya pada investasi
No full textPenelitian disertasi ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan posisi sistem ekonomi Iran di antara ragam sistem ekonomi dunia dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap sistem kepemilikan dan iklim investasi yang berlaku, khususnya pasca embargo yang menimpa Iran sejak revolusi Islam dengan sistem baru wila>yat faqi>h. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma deskriptif-kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui kajian kepustakaan. Adapun pendekatan studi ini merupakan studi interdisipliner dengan pendekatan politik ekonomi, pendekatan sejarah dan penafsiran kritis (Hermeneutical Aproach). Untuk memperoleh keabsahan data, peneliti melakukan triangulasi data dengan menggunakan sumber data yang beragam, yakni studi pustaka yang terdiri dari sumber primer berupa konstitusi Republik Islam Iran, serta karya para ideolog Revolusi, seperti Ayatullah Khomeini, Mahmud Thaleqani dan Muhammad Baqir Sadr. Keterangan data dikonfirmasi melalui wawancara para ahli dan beberapa orang penduduk dan observasi lapangan di beberapa kota di Iran.
Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Iran di bawah sistem Wila>yat Faqi>h dikategorikan ke dalam ideologi ekonomi Jalan Ke-Tiga atau Jalan Tengah, di mana negara sebagai regulator menjalankan perannya sebagai penentu arah kebijakan pembangunan yang bertanggungjawab menciptakan iklim usaha yang kondusif dan mengontrol sumber ekonomi yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak. Sistem ini berpengaruh pada perumusan konsep kepemilikan yang proporsional antara kepemilikan negara, publik dan individu. Akan tetapi dalam prakteknya, pemerintah Iran tidak benar-benar berada di tengah yang menerapkan moderatisme antara sosialisme dan kapitalisme, tapi justeru lebih cenderung ke kiri (sosialis). Indikasi dari kecenderungan kiri tersebut terlihat dari kuatnya kontrol negara baik secara politik maupun ekonomi. Pelaksanaan privatisasi setengah hati dengan adanya perusahaan pemerintah yang berbaju swasta (parastatal) merupakan salah satu indikasi kuat dominasi kekuatan negara dalam dunia usaha. Hal itu berdampak langsung pada lemah dan lesunya pola dan iklim investasi di Iran sejak revolusi Islam hingga saat ini.
Basis teori penelitian ini selaras dengan pendapat para ulama klasik yang menekankan pentingya peran proporsional negara dalam ekonomi, seperti Ibnu Taymiyah al-Hanbali, Al-Ba>ji> al-Andalu>si al-Maliki, Abd al-Qa>sim al-Ra>fi?i, Imam Nawawi as-Sha>fi?i dan Al-Mawardi al-Shafi?i. Di antara cendikiawan muslim kontemporer yang cenderung berpandangan sama di antaranya Imam Khomeini, Taleghani, Muhammad Baqir Sadr, Umar Chapra, Monzer Kahf, Sa>lih Sa>lihi>, Anas Zarqa>, Usa>mah al-Sayyid. Sedangkan dari pemikir lainya bisa disebut Michael Zweigh, John Kenneth Galbraith, Lester C. Thurow. Joseph Eugene Stiglitz, Susan George, dan Dani Rodrik. Demikian juga secara substansial, penelitian ini selaras dengan pendapat para ahli ekonomi Indonesia, di antaranya; Sri-Edi Swasono dan Sri Tua Arief yang mengokohkan cita-cita Founding Father dan para pendahulunya, seperti Sukarno dan Muhammad Hatta (Sang Proklamator), Syafrudin Prawiranegara dan HOS Cokro Aminoto
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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