131,059 research outputs found
Künstliche Sinne für Roboter
No full textRitter H. Künstliche Sinne für Roboter. In: Ganten D, Emrich HM, eds. Gene, Neurone, Qubits & Co. : unsere Welten der Information, 19.-22. September 1998, Berlin. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte e.V : .. Versammlung Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte. Stuttgart: Hirzel; 1999: 303-310
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Rechtliche Voraussetzungen vor medizinischen Eingriffen bei psychiatrisch behandlungsbedürftigen Patienten
No full textScholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Diagnostic steps in Alzheimer dementia before treatment with new antidimentives
No full textThe dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is a chronic neurodegenerative illness. It will continue to increase because of rising life expectancy in the industrialized countries. Apart from the physicians interest to treat, there is also an economically justified interest to reduce the disease progression in this group of patients. The main intention of the treating physicians is to keep their patients independent as long as possible. Up to now Alzheimer's disease can only be treated symptomatically. The verified diagnosis of DAT still depends on the neuropathological investigation of brain tissue. Therefore the clinical diagnosis of DAT during lifetime should be supported by chemical analysis of typical changes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at an early stage. Meanwhile, several therapeutics with proven effectiveness in clinical studies are certified for the symptomatic treatment of DAT. However, these therapeutics are still relatively expansive. Due to this fact the clinical diagnosis of DAT should be supported by clinical-chemical markers before the beginning of such a treatment. In this paper we present the diagnostic steps in dementia patients, who are examined in our departments. Patients suspicious of DAT always are asked for a spinal tap in addition to other diagnostic tools. In case of a typical clinical constellation, the exclusion of a primarily vascular dementia as well as the proof of decreased A beta(1-42) peptides and an increased tau protein in CSF we recommend the new drugs for DAT as meaningful and justified therapeutics to yield optimal treatment.Die Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (DAT) ist eine chronische neurodegenerative Erkrankung, die bei steigender Lebenserwartung in den Industrieländern weiter zunehmen wird. Neben der medizinischen Behandlungsindikation besteht auch ein volkswirtschaftlich berechtigtes Interesse, die Krankheitsprogression bei den Betroffenen zu vermindern und die Selbständigkeit der Patienten möglichst lange zu erhalten. Bisher kann die Erkrankung nur symptomatisch behandelt werden. Die Diagnose der Alzheimer-Demenz kann mit letzter Sicherheit erst durch die neuropathologische Untersuchung von Hirngewebe gestellt werden. Um so wichtiger ist die Unterstützung der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose durch den klinisch-chemischen Nachweis typischer Liquorveränderungen bei den Patienten. Mittlerweile sind mehrere Medikamente mit in klinischen Studien nachgewiesener Wirksamkeit für die symptomatische Behandlung der DAT zugelassen. Die Verschreibung dieser Therapeutika ist allerdings noch mit relativ hohen Kosten verbunden. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache sollte vor Beginn der Einstellung auf eines der neuen Antidementiva eine möglichst umfassende klinisch-chemische Diagnostik erfolgen. Wir stellen die diagnostischen Schritte bei Demenzkranken vor, die in unseren Abteilungen durchgeführt werden, wobei die Patienten bei Verdacht auf DAT und therapeutischer Option zur weiteren Abgrenzung des Krankheitsbildes liquorpunktiert werden. Bei typischer klinischer Symptomkonstellation, dem Ausschluss einer primär vaskulären Demenz sowie dem Nachweis erniedrigter Aβ1 - 42 und eines erhöhten Tau-Proteins im Liquor halten wir eine Behandlung mit neuen Antidementiva für therapeutisch sinnvoll und gerechtfertigt
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