1,720,995 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-amp-10.1177_25152459231214454 – Supplemental material for Reliability and Feasibility of Linear Mixed Models in Fully Crossed Experimental Designs
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-amp-10.1177_25152459231214454 for Reliability and Feasibility of Linear Mixed Models in Fully Crossed Experimental Designs by Michele Scandola and Emmanuele Tidoni in Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science</p
Suppression of left ventral premotor cortex impairs action prediction: transcranial direct current stimulation studies
No full textInfluential theoretical models suggest that the human motor system is designed to act as an anticipation device and that humans predict others’ forthcoming actions by using their own motor system as an internal forward model. However to date evidence for a causative role of the motor system in predicting the outcome of observed actions is lacking. Here we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to test the role of ventral premotor cortex (vPMc) in predicting the end-state of an observed action. In the Action-Prediction (AP) task, participants observed the initial phase of a right-hand reaching-grasping action. The final phase of the action was masked and subjects had to guess which of two objects were going to be grasped by the hand. In a difficulty-matched control task, subjects observed similarly interrupted movements of a non-biological (NB) stimulus approaching one of two targets. Participants performed both tasks in two separate sessions (1 week interval) that were carried out after 15 minutes of inhibitory (cathodal) real- or sham-tDCS over the left-vPMc (experiment 1) or the right-vPMc (experiment 2). Relative to sham stimulation, suppression of left-vPMc but not of right-vPMc brought about a selective reduction of accuracy in the AP-task, but not in the NB-task. These findings indicate that left-vPMc is necessary for extracting the future end-state of human actions based on the observation of the initial phases of the movement and suggest a left frontal lateralization in the predictive coding of others’ right-hand actions
Reliability and feasibility of Linear Mixed Models in fully crossed experimental designs
No full textThe use of Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) is increasing in Psychology and Neuroscience research. A key aspect of LMMs is choosing a random effects structure according to the experimental needs. To date, opposite suggestions are present in the literature, spanning from keeping all random effects, which produces several singularity and convergence issues and often requires high computational resources, to removing random effects until the best fit is found, with the risk of inflating type I error. However, defining the random structure to fit a non-singular and convergent model is not straightforward. Moreover, the lack of a standard approach may lead the researcher to make decisions that potentially inflate type I errors and generate distortions in the estimates. To date, how to deal with singular and non-converging models is an ongoing debate.
We introduce a new way to control for type I error inflation during model reduction using complex random intercepts (CRIs). These are multiple random intercepts that represent the residual variance of categorical fixed effects within a given grouping factor. We validated CRIs and the proposed procedure by extensive simulations and a real-case application. We demonstrate that CRIs can produce reliable results and require less RAM memory and computational time. Moreover, we outline a few criteria and clear recommendations on how and when scholars should reduce singular and non-converging models. Overall, the proposed procedure provides clear solutions to avoid overinflated results using LMMs in Psychology and Neuroscience
Reliability and feasibility of Linear Mixed Models in fully crossed experimental designs
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Sensorimotor network crucial for inferring amusement from smiles
Full text linkUnderstanding whether another's smile reflects authentic amusement is a key challenge in social life, yet, the neural bases of this ability have been largely unexplored. Here, we combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with a novel empathic accuracy (EA) task to test whether sensorimotor and mentalizing networks are critical for understanding another's amusement. Participants were presented with dynamic displays of smiles and explicitly requested to infer whether the smiling individual was feeling authentic amusement or not. TMS over sensorimotor regions representing the face (i.e., in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and ventral primary somatosensory cortex (SI)), disrupted the ability to infer amusement authenticity from observed smiles. The same stimulation did not affect performance on a nonsocial task requiring participants to track the smiling expression but not to infer amusement. Neither TMS over prefrontal and temporo-parietal areas supporting mentalizing, nor peripheral control stimulations, affected performance on either task. Thus, motor and somatosensory circuits for controlling and sensing facial movements are causally essential for inferring amusement from another's smile. These findings highlight the functional relevance of IFG and SI to amusement understanding and suggest that EA abilities may be grounded in sensorimotor networks for moving and feeling the body
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
