598 research outputs found
Emmanuel de Lescure (Coord.), La construction du système français de formation professionnelle continue : retour sur l'accord du 9 juillet 1970 et la loi du 16 juillet 1971 : actes des rencontres organisées par le Groupe d'étude - Histoire de la formation des adultes les 29 mars et 27 novembre 2001, Paris, l'Harmattan, (Histoire et mémoire de la formation), 2004
No full textBaudry de Vaux Marie, Ceccaldi Sylviane, Chabert Christine, de Lassus Isabelle, Thévenot Magali. Emmanuel de Lescure (Coord.), La construction du système français de formation professionnelle continue : retour sur l'accord du 9 juillet 1970 et la loi du 16 juillet 1971 : actes des rencontres organisées par le Groupe d'étude - Histoire de la formation des adultes les 29 mars et 27 novembre 2001, Paris, l'Harmattan, (Histoire et mémoire de la formation), 2004. In: Formation Emploi. N.88, 2004. pp. 99-100
Contractualizing environmental protection. Public and private international law perspectives in Azerbaijan’s post-conflict reconstruction
No full textMultiple environmental damages have been committed by belligerents and by private companies operating under their sovereignty during the thirty-year long conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan in South Caucasus. Markedly, this paper will provide an overview of illicit activities having caused severe harm to the natural environment of Azerbaijan, with the aim of exploring legal and governance solutions to be applied in the post-conflict reconstruction phase, and specifically for the recovery of the damaged areas. More precisely, the ultimate intention of this work is proposing a contractual approach to environmental protection, namely the incorporation of environmental protection clauses within contracts concluded between government agencies and foreign corporations. Considering this, the contractualization approach is intended to be applicable both to corporate activities and during the reconstruction of the conflict-affected areas of Azerbaijan. Hence, the adoption of a contractual approach to environmental protection will be considered in the field of mineral resource extraction; reconstruction of infrastructure and transportation lines; and eventually foreign investments. According to the author, the contractualization of environmental protection would eventually overcome the drawbacks of international law in the field of corporate environmental accountability and simultaneously be characterized as a viable governance approach to prevent future damage to the natural environment on the part of private companies operating in the territories of Azerbaijan. Ultimately, its successful application in Azerbaijan could galvanize the adoption of the same approach in other wartime corporate environmental harm-affected areas of the world
Le rejet d'Emmanuel Macron
No full textDa de gule vestene samlet seg i franske rundkjøringer i november 2018, var bevegelsen ment som en reaksjon mot en økning av drivstoffpriser. Intensiteten i demonstrasjonene og sinnet som kom fram viste derimot at det dreide seg om noe mer. Samtidig som demonstrasjonene pågikk, falt president Emmanuel Macron på meningsmålingene. Kun 20% av franskmenn sto nå bak ham.
Helt siden Emmanuel Macron ble valgt i 2017, har han hatt varierende meningsmålinger i Frankrike, og de kratige demonstrasjonene til de gule vestene gjorde at populariteten hans falt mer enn noen gang. Likevel er ikke Macron den første presidenten som sliter med å holde på støtten. Flere av lederne i Frankrikes femte republikk har blitt upopulære. Charles de Gaulle måtte trekke seg, mens verken Giscard d'Estaing, Sarkozy eller Hollande fikk nok støtte til å kunne bli gjenvalgt. Macrons lave popularitet i Frankrike gjør at skjebnen hans fort kan bli lik de tre sistnevntes.
Denne teksten argumenterer for at Emmanuel Macron er delvis upopulær på grunn av sin politikk, mangelen på en bakgrunn som folkevalgt og sin arrogante personlighet, men at hans lave meningsmålinger også forklares av den franske politikkens fortid. Helt siden 1970-tallet har Frankrike hatt høy arbeidsledighet og lav økonomisk vekst. I tillegg har den franske befolkningens kjøpekraft stagnert og middelklassen føler seg glemt av den politiske eliten. Forslaget om enda høyere drivstoffpriser i 2018 var det som fikk begeret til å renne over etter flere tiår med frustrasjon
Le rejet d'Emmanuel Macron
No full textDa de gule vestene samlet seg i franske rundkjøringer i november 2018, var bevegelsen ment som en reaksjon mot en økning av drivstoffpriser. Intensiteten i demonstrasjonene og sinnet som kom fram viste derimot at det dreide seg om noe mer. Samtidig som demonstrasjonene pågikk, falt president Emmanuel Macron på meningsmålingene. Kun 20% av franskmenn sto nå bak ham.
Helt siden Emmanuel Macron ble valgt i 2017, har han hatt varierende meningsmålinger i Frankrike, og de kratige demonstrasjonene til de gule vestene gjorde at populariteten hans falt mer enn noen gang. Likevel er ikke Macron den første presidenten som sliter med å holde på støtten. Flere av lederne i Frankrikes femte republikk har blitt upopulære. Charles de Gaulle måtte trekke seg, mens verken Giscard d'Estaing, Sarkozy eller Hollande fikk nok støtte til å kunne bli gjenvalgt. Macrons lave popularitet i Frankrike gjør at skjebnen hans fort kan bli lik de tre sistnevntes.
Denne teksten argumenterer for at Emmanuel Macron er delvis upopulær på grunn av sin politikk, mangelen på en bakgrunn som folkevalgt og sin arrogante personlighet, men at hans lave meningsmålinger også forklares av den franske politikkens fortid. Helt siden 1970-tallet har Frankrike hatt høy arbeidsledighet og lav økonomisk vekst. I tillegg har den franske befolkningens kjøpekraft stagnert og middelklassen føler seg glemt av den politiske eliten. Forslaget om enda høyere drivstoffpriser i 2018 var det som fikk begeret til å renne over etter flere tiår med frustrasjon.As the Yellow Vests gathered in round-abouts across all of France in November 2018, their immediate feelings seemed to be a reaction towards the recently proposed increase in fuel prices. However, the demonstrations' intensity and the visible anger indicated that the manifestations had deeper roots. While the demonstrations were ongoing, Macros approval ratings dropped to twenty percent.
Ever since he was elected in 2017, Emmanuel Macrons popularity has been constantly changing, and the Yellow Vest movement saw the biggest drop in his approval ratings yet. However, he is not the first President in France to become unpopular. Several of the leaders in Fifth Republic France have had unstable reputations. General Charles de Gaulle eventually resigned, while Giscard d'Estaing, Sarkozy and Hollande all failed at maintaining approval ratings high enough to be reelected. Macrons currently low popularity indicates a political future similar to the latter three.
This text argues that Emmanuel Macron is partially unpopular due to his politics, his lack of a past as elected by the people and his arrogant personality, but that his low approval may also be explained by past developments in French politics. Since the 1970s, France has seen high levels of unemployment and low economic growth. In addition, the French peoples purchasing power has stagnated and the middle class feels forgotten by the political elite. The proposed augmentation of fuel prices in 2018 was the final straw for the French after decades of frustration
Biosourced treatment of beech wood using in situ polymerization of polyesters based on malic acid - Up-scaling of the process and the conferred properties
No full textLe bois est un matériau hygroscopique dont les dimensions varient avec les conditions hygrothermiques de l'environnement qui l'entoure. Une des essences les plus nerveuses en France est le hêtre. Il est très abondant en Europe, peu durable, et nécessite donc une protection additionnelle pour améliorer sa durabilité et étendre son utilisation. Ce travail de thèse a étudié plusieurs traitements biosourcés par la formation in situ de polyesters à base d'acide malique. Deux types d'alcool ont été utilisés, l'un ramifié, le glycérol, l'autre linéaire, le 1,4-butanediol, afin d'observer si une plus faible réticulation du polymère pouvait limiter la baisse de la résistance mécanique. Ce type de traitement est imprégné dans le bois en solution aqueuse et la cuisson (150°C-24h, dans la première approche) permet la polymérisation. Tous les traitements développés ont montré qu'ils apportaient au bois de hêtre des améliorations importantes. Au niveau des indicateurs de gains et de stabilité, un gain de masse d'environ 40%, un bulking supérieur à 20% pour du bois sec à l'air, une plus grande stabilité dimensionnelle, l'ASE, supérieure à 60%, et un retrait-gonflement total divisé par 3 ont été observés. Concernant les propriétés mécaniques, celles-ci ont aussi vu des modifications importantes, telles que la rigidité augmentée de 30 à 60% (MOE) et la dureté Brinell jusqu'à 65%. Cependant, le bois modifié a perdu de sa ductilité et présente un mode de rupture fragile avec un module de rupture (MOR) réduit de près de 30%. De plus, la mesure du profil de densité par atténuation de rayons-X a montré une distribution hétérogène du traitement, plus concentré au niveau des surfaces de l'échantillon plus qu'à cœur. Pour réduire la sévérité du traitement, le couple durée-température de la cuisson du bois imprégné a été étudié en suivant l'avancement de la réaction à différentes températures au moyen d'une ATG. Ainsi qu'en utilisant des catalyseurs et un mélange pré-polymérisé, MaGNW. Les résultats ont montré qu'une diminution de la durée de cuisson pourrait être réduite d'un facteur 3, de 24h à 8h, et ainsi être possible à 150°C avec catalyseurs, bien qu'un lessivage plus élevé soit alors observé pour ces traitements dans le bois. Une baisse de la température de cuisson pourrait être envisageable selon l'usage prévu du hêtre. Nous avons ensuite regardé la possibilité d'appliquer ce traitement à l'échelle d'une planche (up-scaling). Pour limiter l'hétérogénéité du traitement dans les planches, plusieurs pistes ont été étudiées. Celles-ci sont, la réduction de l'épaisseur de la planche, l'ajout d'une phase de séchage basse température avant la phase de cuisson, mais encore par l'utilisation du mélange pré-polymérisé, sans eau de solution, pour tenter de fixer le produit dans le bois au plus tôt de la cuisson. Les deux premières options ont montré les résultats les plus intéressants en améliorant l'homogénéité du traitement dans la planche. La troisième option conduit à une densification du matériau.Wood is a hygroscopic material whose dimensions will vary with the hygrothermal conditions of the surrounding environment. One of the wood species the most susceptible to dimensions variations in France is beech wood. It is very abundant in Europe, and has a low durability, requiring additional protection to improve it and extend its use. This thesis work studied several bio-based treatments by the in situ formation of malic acid-based polyesters. Two types of alcohols were used, one is ramified, the glycerol, and the other one is linear, the 1,4-butanediol, to observe if a lower crosslinking of the polymer could limit the decrease in mechanical strength. This type of treatment is impregnated in the wood in an aqueous solution and the curing (150°C-24h, in the first approach) enables the polymerization. All the treatments developed showed that they brought significant improvements to beech wood. In terms of gain and stability indicators, a mass gain of about 40%, a bulking greater than 20% for air-dried wood, as well as a greater dimensional stability, the ASE, over 60%, and a total shrinkage-swelling divided by 3 was observed. Regarding the mechanical properties, they also saw significant changes, such as the stiffness increased by 30% to 60% (MOE) and the Brinell hardness up to 65%. However, the modified wood has lost its ductility and showed a brittle mode of failure with a modulus of rupture (MOR) reduced by almost 30%. In addition, measurement of the density profile by X-rays attenuation showed a heterogeneous distribution of the treatment in the board thickness, more concentrated at the surfaces of the sample than at the core. To reduce the severity of the treatment, the time-temperature relationship of the wood curing was studied by monitoring the reaction progress at different temperatures using TGA analysis as well as using catalysts and a pre-polymerized mixture, MaGNW. The results showed that a lowering of the curing time could be possible by a factor 3, from 24h to 8h, and thus be possible at 150°C with catalysts, although higher leaching is then observed from these treatments into the wood. A lowering of the curing temperature could be considered depending on the intended use of the beech. We then looked at the possibility of applying this treatment at the board scale (up-scaling). Several avenues have been studied to limit the heterogeneity of the treatment in the boards. These are the reduction of the board thickness, the addition of a low temperature drying phase before the curing phase, as well as the use of the pre-polymer mixture, removing the aqueous phase of the solution, aiming to fix the product in the wood as soon as possible during curing. The first two options demonstrated the most interesting results in improving the homogeneity of the treatment in the board thickness. As for the third option, it led to a densified material
Carotid artery direct access for mechanical thrombectomy: the Carotid Artery Puncture Evaluation (CARE) study
No full textBackground In acute ischemic stroke due to anterior large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO), accessing the target occluded vessel for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is sometimes impossible through the femoral approach. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct carotid artery puncture (DCP) for MT in patients with failed alternative vascular access. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 stroke centers in France, Switzerland and Germany through two research networks from January 2015 to July 2019. We collected physician-centered data on DCP practices and baseline characteristics, procedural variables and clinical outcome after DCP. Uni- and multivariable models were conducted to assess risk factors for complications. Results From January 2015 to July 2019, 28 149 MT were performed, of which 108 (0.39%) resulted in DCP due to unsuccessful vascular access. After DCP, 77 patients (71.3%) had successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score ≥2b) and 28 (25.9%) were independent (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2) at 3 months. 20 complications (18.5%) attributed to DCP occurred, all of them during or within 1 hour of the procedure. Complications led to extension of the intubation time in the intensive care unit in 7 patients (6.4%) and resulted in death in 3 (2.8%). The absence of use of a hemostatic closure device was associated with a higher complication risk (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 8.97; p=0043). Conclusion In this large multicentric study, DCP was scantly performed for vascular access to perform MT (0.39%) in patients with AIS-LVO and had a high rate of complications (18.5%). Our results provide arguments for not closing the cervical access by manual compression after MT.Background In acute ischemic stroke due to anterior large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO), accessing the target occluded vessel for mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is sometimes impossible through the femoral approach. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of direct carotid artery puncture (DCP) for MT in patients with failed alternative vascular access. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 45 stroke centers in France, Switzerland and Germany through two research networks from January 2015 to July 2019. We collected physician-centered data on DCP practices and baseline characteristics, procedural variables and clinical outcome after DCP. Uni- and multivariable models were conducted to assess risk factors for complications. Results From January 2015 to July 2019, 28 149 MT were performed, of which 108 (0.39%) resulted in DCP due to unsuccessful vascular access. After DCP, 77 patients (71.3%) had successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) score ≥2b) and 28 (25.9%) were independent (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2) at 3 months. 20 complications (18.5%) attributed to DCP occurred, all of them during or within 1 hour of the procedure. Complications led to extension of the intubation time in the intensive care unit in 7 patients (6.4%) and resulted in death in 3 (2.8%). The absence of use of a hemostatic closure device was associated with a higher complication risk (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 8.97; p=0043). Conclusion In this large multicentric study, DCP was scantly performed for vascular access to perform MT (0.39%) in patients with AIS-LVO and had a high rate of complications (18.5%). Our results provide arguments for not closing the cervical access by manual compression after MT
Observations on the origin, treatment and cure of asiatic cholera and cholera morbus : The result of an experience of forty five years during a residence in Asia, Europe and America
No full textCollection Chagnon
From Spiritual Revolution to Institutional Reform: Emmanuel Mounierʼs Personalism and the Birth of Institutional Psychotherapy
No full textInternational audienc
sj-docx-5-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 – Supplemental material for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-5-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial by Frédéric Clarençon, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Kévin Premat, Amandine Baptiste, Emmanuel Chabert, Anna Ferrier, Marc-Antoine Labeyrie, Peggy Reiner, Laurent Spelle, Christian Denier, Titien Tuilier, Hassan Hosseini, Christine Rodriguez-Régent, Guillaume Turc, Cédric Fauché, Matthias Lamy, Bertrand Lapergue, Arturo Consoli, Charlotte Barbier, Marion Boulanger, Nicolas Bricout, Hilde Henon, Benjamin Gory, Sébastien Richard, Aymeric Rouchaud, Francisco Macian-Montoro, Omer Eker, Tae-Hee Cho, Sébastien Soize, Solène Moulin, Jean-Christophe Gentric, Serge Timsit, Jean Darcourt, Jean-François Albucher, Kévin Janot, Mariam Annan, Fernando Pico, Vincent Costalat, Caroline Arquizan, Gautier Marnat, Igor Sibon, Raoul Pop, Valérie Wolff, Eimad Shotar, Stéphanie Lenck, Nader-Antoine Sourour, Anne Radenne, Sonia Alamowitch and Agnès Dechartres in International Journal of Stroke</p
sj-tif-10-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 – Supplemental material for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, sj-tif-10-wso-10.1177_17474930231205213 for Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial by Frédéric Clarençon, Isabelle Durand-Zaleski, Kévin Premat, Amandine Baptiste, Emmanuel Chabert, Anna Ferrier, Marc-Antoine Labeyrie, Peggy Reiner, Laurent Spelle, Christian Denier, Titien Tuilier, Hassan Hosseini, Christine Rodriguez-Régent, Guillaume Turc, Cédric Fauché, Matthias Lamy, Bertrand Lapergue, Arturo Consoli, Charlotte Barbier, Marion Boulanger, Nicolas Bricout, Hilde Henon, Benjamin Gory, Sébastien Richard, Aymeric Rouchaud, Francisco Macian-Montoro, Omer Eker, Tae-Hee Cho, Sébastien Soize, Solène Moulin, Jean-Christophe Gentric, Serge Timsit, Jean Darcourt, Jean-François Albucher, Kévin Janot, Mariam Annan, Fernando Pico, Vincent Costalat, Caroline Arquizan, Gautier Marnat, Igor Sibon, Raoul Pop, Valérie Wolff, Eimad Shotar, Stéphanie Lenck, Nader-Antoine Sourour, Anne Radenne, Sonia Alamowitch and Agnès Dechartres in International Journal of Stroke</p
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