6 research outputs found
Impact of Parents’ Income on Students’ Retention in Primary and Secondary Schools in Kakamega Municipality, Kenya
No full textThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact of parents’ income on students’ retention in primary and secondary schools in Kakamega Municipality - Kenya. This study was justified by the fact that Kakamega Municipality’s growth has largely been based on the expansion of educational institutions of higher studies and the inception of the devolved structures in the counties. The target population for the study was 99,987. This population was comprised of municipality residents, primary school pupils, secondary school students, Education officers, principals, urban administrators, and parents from low, middle, and high residential parts of the municipality. The sample size for the study was 172 and it was calculated using the formula proposed by Fisher et al. (1998). Data collection instruments included; questionnaires, interview guides, and focus group discussions. A pilot study was carried out in three residential areas in Bungoma municipality in order to test the validity of the instruments. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and statistics package for social sciences (SPSS) version (20). The study established that poor income by parents results in low school retention as children engage in cheap labour with their parents for school fees. This is confirmed by low-class respondents, of whom the majority earn between 10,000 -30,000 (42%) and below 10,000 (26%) and as a result, there is low retention in education by their children at (6%). Child’s retention rate in school is low in the indigent social class than in other classes and this is attributed to their parent’s financial constraints and environmental factors. To address this state, the study recommends that more employment opportunities should be created for middle and majority low-income classes by reserving specific jobs in the county for these groups to enable better access to education by children from these groups
Evaluation of the “Choose Your Life “ media campaign across Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham.
No full text[Abstract]</p
Evaluation of the “Choose Your Life “ media campaign across Lambeth, Southwark and Lewisham.
No full text[Abstract]</p
Complete ciprofloxacin resistance in gonococcal isolates in an urban Ugandan clinic: findings from a cross-sectional study
No full textDelayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in persons living with HIV in Eastern Europe : associated factors and effect on mortality-a multicentre prospective cohort study
No full textBackground: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is important to reduce transmission, morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: PLWH with a diagnosis of TB were enrolled from HIV and TB clinics in Eastern Europe and followed until 24 months. Delayed diagnosis was defined as duration of TB symptoms (cough, weight-loss or fever) for ≥ 1 month before TB diagnosis. Risk factors for delayed TB diagnosis were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The effect of delayed diagnosis on mortality was assessed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox models. Findings: 480/740 patients (64.9%; 95% CI 61.3-68.3%) experienced a delayed diagnosis. Age ≥ 50 years (vs. < 50 years, aOR = 2.51; 1.18-5.32; p = 0.016), injecting drug use (IDU) (vs. non-IDU aOR = 1.66; 1.21-2.29; p = 0.002), being ART naïve (aOR = 1.77; 1.24-2.54; p = 0.002), disseminated TB (vs. pulmonary TB, aOR = 1.56, 1.10-2.19, p = 0.012), and presenting with weight loss (vs. no weight loss, aOR = 1.63; 1.18-2.24; p = 0.003) were associated with delayed diagnosis. PLWH with a delayed diagnosis were at 36% increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.36; 1.04-1.77; p = 0.023, adjusted hazard ratio 1.27; 0.95-1.70; p = 0.103). Conclusion: Nearly two thirds of PLWH with TB in Eastern Europe had a delayed TB diagnosis, in particular those of older age, people who inject drugs, ART naïve, with disseminated disease, and presenting with weight loss. Patients with delayed TB diagnosis were subsequently at higher risk of death in unadjusted analysis. There is a need for optimisation of the current TB diagnostic cascade and HIV care in PLWH in Eastern Europe
