27 research outputs found
Abordări metodologice pentru izolarea levurilor din genul Brettanomyces/Dekkera din vin
No full textAmong the various causes of spoilage of wine and wine materials, some genera and types of wild yeast are especially common. One of the most harmful microorganisms is the yeast of the genus Brettanomyces / Dekkera. Timely detection and quantification of these fungi is essential to prevent wine spoilage. The analysis of referenses describing various methods of detecting yeast in wines and raw wine materials, from classical microbiological methods to modern molecular genetic methods, was carried out. The potential of wine microbiological monitoring was also assessed as a result of research on wines produced in the Microvinification of the Department of Oenology and Chemistry of Faculty of Food Technology TUM, when the advantages and disadvantages of the "gold standard" of microbiology, a culture method for isolating yeast of the genus Brettanomyces / Dekkera, were assessed.Printre diferitele cauze ale alterării vinului și a materialelor vinicole, unele genuri și tipuri de drojdie sălbatică sunt deosebit de periculoase. Unul dintre cele mai dăunătoare microorganisme este drojdia din grupa Brettanomyces / Dekkera. Detectarea și cuantificarea în timp util a acestor ciuperci este esențială pentru a preveni deteriorarea vinului. A fost efectuată analiza referințelor care descriu diferite metode de detectare a drojdiei în vinuri și materii prime de vin, de la metodele microbiologice clasice la metodele genetice moleculare moderne. Potențialul monitorizării microbiologice a vinului a fost, de asemenea, evaluat ca rezultat al cercetării vinurilor produse în Microvinificarea Departamentului de Enologie și Chimie al Facultății de Tehnologie Alimentară UTM, când avantajele și dezavantajele „standardului de aur” al microbiologiei, o cultură a fost evaluată metoda de izolare a drojdiei din genul Brettanomyces / Dekkera
The role of invA-gene in the determination of Salmonella spp. Contamination of food
No full textOnly AbstractIn recent decades, the incidence of salmonellosis has been increasing worldwide. Contamination of food with Salmonella spp. And, as a consequence, the development of salmonellosis is a common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract and a severe foodborne toxic infection, it is a serious threat that requires great attention to the control of the microbiological purity of food, the development of quick and accurate methods for the detection and identification of Salmonella spp. in food in order to ensure their quality in a timely manner and safety, as well as avoidance of economic losses. Currently, Salmonella spp. is detected by standard microbiological methods, which are usually laborious and time-consuming. Nowadays, molecular techniques are becoming more and more important for the detection and typing of Salmonella
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the wine and other oenological extracts
No full textIt has been done a review of the most relevant publications of scientific literature in the country and abroad using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar, virtual health library (LILACS, SCIELO) and Science Direct Publisher Site, Europe PMC free article. According to many authors, red table wines have antibacterial properties. Good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, such as Shigella sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus has been proved experimentally by the standard agar diffusion method
Salmonella detection methods for food indutry
No full textOnly AbstractIn modern conditions of the development of the food industry, it would be especially promising to use molecular biological methods, therefore, in this work, a literature review was carried out on the rapid diagnosis of Salmonella spp. using PCR-RT, which allows not only to identify the pathogen and its biovars, but also to quantify the degree of product contamination. The method is fast, highly effective, sensitive and specific, which significantly improves the quality of microbiological control in the food industry
Microbiological aspect and laboratory diagnosis of fungi of the genus Brettanomyces
No full textWine spoilage can be caused by different genera and types of wild yeast. One of the most harmful microorganisms is the yeast of the genus Brettanomyces/Dekkera. The timely detection and quantification of these microorganisms is essential to prevent wine spoilage. The detection of yeast in the raw wine materials was carried out by classical microbiological methods. The potential of microbiological for wine monitoring has been studied in order to optimize the analysis process. As a result of studies in raw wines produced in the microvinification section of the FTA's Department of Oenology and Chemistry, the advantages and disadvantages of the “gold standard” of microbiology, the cultural method for Brettanomyces/Dekkera yeast, were evaluated
The role of cytomegalovirus in the development of opportunistic infections
No full textBackground: About one century ago, was found and described a new virus, which, due to its particular way of damaging cells, was called cytomegalovirus. Human is the only natural source of cytomegalovirus infection. The relevance is that it is a widespread pathology, and due to its ability to "disguise" in the human body, remains unnoticed until the “defect” appears in the body's immune system. It is especially dangerous for pregnant women, children and people with immunodeficiency. It is one of the most common infections that cause pathology in the fetus and newborns, which, in turn, leads to serious consequences, from disability to child death. There are many ways of cytomegalovirus transmission: airborne, parenteral, domestic contact, sexual and vertical (transplacentally, with aspiration of secretions from the birth canal and natural feeding). The virus is able to have a direct and indirect effect on the body. It is able to independently induce immunosuppression. The article describes the epidemiological data, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and modern methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus infection. Also, some diagnostic problems in immunosuppressive organisms are described.
Conclusions: Due to its consequences, namely, children`s disability, death and immunosuppressed people, cytomegalovirus has become a demographic problem. A high infection frequency indicates a low level of social development of the population. More public awareness is needed on the transmission and possible consequences of cytomegalovirus infection
Pulberi din fructe de pădure ca antimicrobiene împotriva agenților patogeni gram pozitivi responsabili de toxiinfecții alimentare
No full textO problemă majoră care amenință industria alimentară este contaminarea cu microbi alimentari de origine umană care rezultă din manipularea și prelucrarea necorespunzătoare. Bacteriile gram-pozitive frecvent implicate în etiologia toxiinfecțiilor alimentare sunt: S.aureus, S.enteritis, Streptococcus spp., L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, C. perfringens, C. botulinum. Staphylococcus aureus este unul dintre principalii agenți patogeni din produse alimentare, care cauzează frecvent boli ca rezultat al consumului de alimente contaminate cu toxina stafilococică [4]. Caile respiratorii ale omului, pielea și plăgile superficiale sunt surse comune de S. aureus. Deși gătitul distruge bacteriile, toxina produsă este stabilă la temperaturi înalte și nu poate fi distrusă [1]. L. monocytogenes este o bacterie intracelulară facultativă gram-pozitivă, care determină boli invazive la om și animale, în special infecții ale sistemului nervos central [1]. L. monocytogenes este o problemă specială, deoarece poate supraviețui condițiilor nefavorabile, poate crește într-un interval de pH de 5,0-9,5 și la temperaturi mici (în frigidere) [1, 2].
Bacteria este un agent patogen de origine alimentară care poate provoca boli invazive severe la om (listerioză).
Tot mai frecvent, astăzi se cauta modalitați de combatere a rezistenței microorganizmelor la antibiotice și posibilitatea de a substitui aditivii sintetici cu cei naturali, extrasi din diverse plante
The toxic substances formed in the process of microbial spoilage of the wine and their effect on the human body
No full textThe main goal of every wine producer is to create a high-quality and safe product, which means the absence of toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or any other adverse effect on the human body. Taking into account the modern changes in ecology, weather and climatic conditions, the technogenic impact of humans on the environment, the prospect of abnormal changes in biotopes is going towards an undesirable direction. This is especially true for viticulture. The damage to soils and grapes by pests, bacteria, fungal diseases, in particular, various kinds of mold, yeast, etc., has significantly increased
Особенности микробной флоры глотки у детей в эволюции среднего отита
No full textUniversitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „Nicolae Testemiţanu”, Catedra OtorinolaringologieBackground. Auditory tube particularities in early childhood predetermine the pharyngeal flora influence on tympanic cavity status.
Aim: to analyze and compare the evolution of otitis media in children in function of pharyngeal flora.
Subjects and methods. We have monitored electro-acoustical and otomicroscopical dynamics and pharyngeal
flora of 185 children with otitis media from their first year of life till 10 years.
Results. Group A β-hemolytic Strep and Staph aureus in children of early age correlated with recurrence, r = 0.84
and 0.53 correspondingly. The majority of these patients underwent ear surgery at least twice during 10 years. The second
surgical procedure included also tonsillectomy.
Conclusions. Pharyngeal flora in children at an early age influences the OM evolution and may be used as an indicator of chronicity.Введение. Особенности слуховой трубы в раннем детском возрасте предопределяют влияние флоры глотки на состояние барабанной полости.
Цель исследования. Проанализировать и сопоставить данные эволюции патологии среднего уха у детей
в зависимости от микрофлоры глотки.
Материалы и методы. Проводились мониторинговые исследования электроакустических и отомикроскопических характеристик среднего уха и микробной флоры глотки у 185 детей со средним отитом с первого
года до 10 летнего возраста детей.
Результаты. Наличие Group A β-hemolytic Strep и Staph aureus в раннем возрасте коррелировало с рецидивированием среднего отита, (r = 0.84 and 0.53, соответственно). Большинство из этих пациентов перенесли
повторную операцию на ухе в течение 10 лет наблюдения. Повторное хирургическое вмешательство включало
также тонзилэктомию.
Заключение. Микробная флора глотки в раннем возрасте влияет на эволюцию среднего отита и может
служить индикатором риска хронизации
Антимикробная резистентность E. coli и K. pneumoniae, выделенных от больных с инфекциями мочевых путей
No full textIntroducere. Infecțiile tractului urinar (ITU) și rezistența la
antimicrobiene reprezintă o problemă globală de sănătate și o
amenințare la adresa sănătății publice. Cel mai frecvent ITU
sunt provocate de microorganisme Gram-negative, precum E.
coli, K. pneumoniae și P. mirabilis. Scopul acestui studiu a fost
să evalueze nivelul de rezistență la antimicrobiene al tulpinilor
de E. coli și K. pneumoniae izolate de la pacienții cu infecții ale
tractului urinar. Materiale și metode. Lotul de studiu a inclus
2750 de tulpini de Escherichia coli și 867 de tulpini de Klebsiella
pneumoniae izolate din ITU. Rezistența la antimicrobiene a
izolatelor clinice a fost evaluată folosind metoda difuzimetrică și
sistemul automatizat VITEK 2 Compact (bioMerieux). Rezultate. Rezultatele studiului au relevat că ambele tipuri de tulpini,
E. coli și K. Pneumoniae, izolate din uroculturi, au prezentat
un grad înalt de rezistență la preparatele antimicrobiene testate.
Cu toate acestea, s-a observat că tulpinele de K. pneumoniae
au prezentat niveluri mult mai ridicate de rezistență, diferență
mare constatându-se la carbapeneme, unde E. coli a înregistrat
o rezistență în 0,8% cazuri, iar K. pneumoniae – 26,4% cazuri.
Mecanismul de rezistență cel mai frecvent întâlnit (în 67,4% din
cazuri) a fost producerea betalactamazelor cu spectru extins,
în cea mai mare parte fiind detectat la tulpinile de E. coli. În
schimb, tulpinile de K. pneumoniae au avut o frecvență mai
mare de producere a carbapenemazelor, în special a tulpinilor
OXA-48 (30,5%). oncluzie. Tulpinile uropatogene de E. coli și
K. pneumoniae au prezentat rezistență la majoritatea claselor
de antimicrobiene utilizate în tratamentul ITU. Aceste constatări pot fi utile pentru clinicieni în luarea deciziilor privind
tratamentul adecvat al acestor infecții.Introduction. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and antimicrobial resistance are a global health problems and public health
threats. UTIs are most commonly caused by Gram-negative
microorganisms, such as E. coli, K. pneumonia, and P. mirabilis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial
resistance of E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from
patients with urinary tract infections. Materials and methods. The study batch included 2750 strains of Escherichia coli
and 867 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from UTI.
Antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates was determined
by the diffusimetric method and the VITEK 2 Compact
automated system (bioMerieux). Results. The results of the
study demonstrated that both E. coli and K. pneumoniae
strains isolated from urine cultures showed a high degree
of resistance to antimicrobial preparations. K. pneumonia
showed much higher levels of resistance, a big difference being
observed for carbapenems, where E. coli showed resistance in 0.8% of cases, and K. pneumoniae – 26.4% of cases. The most
common resistance mechanism (67.4%) was the production of
extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, mostly detected in E. coli
strains. The K. pneumoniae strains most frequently produced
carbapenemases, especially OXA-48 (30.5%). onclusions.
Uropathogenic strains of E. coli and K. pneumonia have been
shown to be resistant to most classes of antimicrobials used
in the treatment of UTI, and these findings may be useful for
clinicians in making treatment decisions for these infections.Введение. Инфекции мочевыводящих путей (ИМП) и
устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам представляют собой глобальную проблему здравоохранения
и угрозу общественному здоровью. Чаще всего ИМП вызывают грамотрицательные микроорганизмы, такие
как E. coli, K. pneumoniaе и P. mirabilis. Целью данного
исследования является оценка устойчивости к противомикробным препаратам штаммов E. coli и K. pneumoniae,
выделенных от пациентов с инфекциями мочевыводящих
путей. Материалы и методы. Исследуемая партия
включала 2750 штаммов Escherichia coli и 867 штаммов
Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенных от пациентов с ИМП.
Антимикробную резистентность клинических изолятов
определяли диффузиметрическим методом на автоматизированной системе VITEK 2 Compact (bioMerieux).
Полученные результаты. Результаты исследования
показали, что как штаммы E. coli, так и K. pneumoniae,
выделенные из посевов мочи, проявляли высокую степень устойчивости к антимикробным препаратам. K.
pneumoniaе показала гораздо более высокие уровни устойчивости, большая её доля приходится на карбапенемы,
где E. coli показала резистентность в 0,8% случаев, а K.
pneumoniae – в 26,4% случаев. Наиболее частым механизмом резистентности (67,4%) была продукция беталактамаз расширенного спектра действия, в основном
выявляемых у штаммов E. coli. Штаммы K. pneumoniae
чаще продуцировали карбапенемазы, особенно ОХА-48
(30,5%). Заключение. Уропатогенные штаммы E. coli и K.
pneumoniaе оказались устойчивы к большинству классов
противомикробных препаратов, используемых в лечении
ИМП. Эти результаты могут быть полезны клиницистам при принятии решений о лечении таких инфекций
