1,721,001 research outputs found
Coordination in Human and Non-human Primate Groups: Why Compare and How?
No full textThis chapter integrates the six chapters in Part I of this book. They offer different treatments of the theoretical aspects of small group coordination, thereby providing a framework for how coordination behaviour can be studied from the perspectives of social psychology and primatology. Although we have a good working definition of group coordination and have scientifically established that groups of all primates, including humans, are adapted to improve survival, we are less informed about the behaviours that keep groups together and resolve conflicts. Chapter 2 helps to narrow this gap by integrating contemporary thought on coordination and offering an inclusive model for investigators to use in their analysis of both human and non-human primate groups. Chapter 3 informs us about how and why group movements of non-human primates offer a particularly rich arena with which to study primate group coordination. Chapter 4 presents a thorough analysis of a classic tool in group coordination theory (Wittenbaum and colleagues’ Coordination Mechanism Circumplex) and how it can be used to understand behaviours of both an observable and tacit nature that occur before and during the actual coordination task. Chapter 5 takes another perspective – that of high-dynamic anaesthesia teams – to show how theories of coordination can be applied to prevent harm in the operating room. The final chapter offers an outline of how the analysis of the group task itself can be used to develop categories of group processes and performance, adapting hierarchical task analysis tool for in-depth structural analysis
Coordination in Human and Primate Groups
No full textCoordination in Human and Primate Groups presents one of the first collections of the different approaches and methods used to assess coordination processes in groups. Written by psychologists and primatologists, the book represents a broad range of coordination research fields such as social psychology, work and organizational psychology, medicine, primatology, and behavioural ecology. It is designed for researchers and practitioners interested in understanding the behavioural aspects of group coordination
Primatological Approaches to the Study of Group Coordination
No full textThis chapter outlines why non-human primates provide some of the best comparative models for students of coordination in small human groups. It then summarises what and why non-human primates need to coordinate at the group level. From this review, group movements emerge as the major paradigm of primatologists in this study context. In this integrating chapter, the content of the contributions to Part III is placed within the broader context of this book on coordination in human and non-human primates
More or less? Effects of different levels of automation of a software agent on information overload, workload, and stress perceptions
No full textWhile high automation of software agents aims to reduce workplace demands such as workload and information overload, software agents are often perceived as a source of technostress rather than a resource. Current theoretical models emphasize the positive impacts of automation but neglect the influence on technostress and human stress perception, leaving the mechanisms behind stress reduction by software agents unexamined. In this pre-registered study, we investigated how automation of software agents reduces stress and technostrain and if reduced workload and information overload mediate these effects. A randomized within-experiment was conducted in which 108 humans worked with a software agent with four different automation levels in randomized order and rated overload, stress, and technostrain after each automation level. ANOVA and mediated multilevel structural equation model results showed that information overload (η2 = .55, p < 001), workload (η2 = .71, p < 001), stress (η2 = .63, p < 001), and technostrain (η2 = .48, p < 001) decreased with higher automation of software agents. Mediating processes indicated that stress as well as technostrain decreased via the reduction of workload (β = −.56, p < .001), but not due to the reduction of information overload (β = .06, p = .331). This study expands the knowledge on how automation and autonomy of software agents can be perceived as a resource instead of a techno-stressor and integrates classical models of stress, overload, and human autonomy research. Moreover, this study shows that organizations can use automation of software agents to reduce technostrain
Coordination of Group Movements in Non-human Primates
No full textMany animals are organised into social groups. Because individuals have different preferences and diverging needs, conflicts of interests exist; these conflicts are particularly revealed and negotiated in the context of group movements. Thus, group movements provide an excellent example to study coordination processes in non-human primates. In this chapter we review several aspects related to group movements in non-human primates. We first summarise the current understanding of variation in spacing patterns, types of leadership, and decision-making processes. We then focus on methodological issues and discuss various operational definitions of group movements, and we propose an operational definition that has already been applied successfully in studies of small free-ranging groups. We conclude by discussing the possibilities and limitations of transferring concepts and methods from studies of non-human primate groups to research on human groups
Führung in reduzierter Arbeitszeit: Gesellschaftspolitisch erwünscht aber praktisch begrenzt?
No full textDeveloping observational categories for group process research based on task and coordination requirement analysis: Examples from research on medical emergency-driven teams
No full textIn this chapter, we argue that the task is an important influence for teams and that task aspects should be more explicitly, and more specifically, included in the study of team processes and team performance. Using a cardiopulmonary resuscitation task as an example, we show how an adaptation of hierarchical task analyses that assesses task requirements (taskwork) and coordination requirements (teamwork) can be useful in identifying a task's goals and sub-goals, defining qualifiers of good goal attainment, identying coordination requirements, and developing hypotheses about which teamwork and coordination behaviour should specifically be related to the performance of different aspects of complex tasks. Our argument is based on concepts that extend the general input-process-output model of groups.
Keywords:
Cardiac Arrest Task Analysis Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Cardiac Massage Coordination Behaviou
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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