323,139 research outputs found
Tutoriel : Reformulation Quadratique Convexe pour l'optimisation Quadratique discrète : résultats de base et extensions récentes
No full textInternational audienceNous considérons le problème (QP) de la minimisation d'une fonction quadratique sous des contraintes linéaires ou quadratiques. Les variables sont entières et bornées. Ce problème très général permet de modéliser de nombreux problèmes classiques en Optimisation Combinatoire et constitue une première généralisation de la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers. Une différence majeure entre (QP) et les programmes linéaires en nombres entiers réside dans le fait que, en général, sa relaxation continue fournit un problème lui aussi NP-difficile. Pour contourner cette difficulté, la reformulation quadratique convexe transforme (QP) en un problème (QP') équivalent mais dont la relaxation continue est un problème convexe. Afin de calculer une solution optimale de (QP), on peut alors résoudre (QP') par un algorithme d'énumération implicite basé sur l'optimisation continue convexe. Nous faisons un tour d'horizon de développements récents de cette approche. Nous montrons en particulier comment les relaxations semi-définies positives permettent de construire les problèmes équivalents (QP') les plus intéressants. Dans le cas des variables binaires, nous donnons une vision des linéarisations classiques comme un cas particulier de reformulation quadratique convexe. Enfin, nous illustrons la généralité et l'efficacité expérimentale de la résolution exacte par reformulation quadratique convexe sur différents problèmes d'Optimisation Combinatoire. Références A. Billionnet et S. Elloumi. Using a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Solver for the Unconstrained Quadratic 0-1 Problem . Mathematical Programming, 109(1): 55-68, 2007. A. Billionnet, S. Elloumi et M.-C. Plateau. Improving standard solvers convex reformulation for constrained quadratic 0-1 programs: the QCR method. Discrete Applied Math, vol. 157(6), 2009, pp. 1185-1197. A. Billionnet, S. Elloumi et A. Lambert. Extending the QCR method to general mixed-integer programs. Mathematical Programming, vol. 131(1), 2012, pp.381-401</p
Tutoriel : Reformulation Quadratique Convexe pour l'optimisation Quadratique discrète : résultats de base et extensions récentes
No full textInternational audienceNous considérons le problème (QP) de la minimisation d'une fonction quadratique sous des contraintes linéaires ou quadratiques. Les variables sont entières et bornées. Ce problème très général permet de modéliser de nombreux problèmes classiques en Optimisation Combinatoire et constitue une première généralisation de la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers. Une différence majeure entre (QP) et les programmes linéaires en nombres entiers réside dans le fait que, en général, sa relaxation continue fournit un problème lui aussi NP-difficile. Pour contourner cette difficulté, la reformulation quadratique convexe transforme (QP) en un problème (QP') équivalent mais dont la relaxation continue est un problème convexe. Afin de calculer une solution optimale de (QP), on peut alors résoudre (QP') par un algorithme d'énumération implicite basé sur l'optimisation continue convexe. Nous faisons un tour d'horizon de développements récents de cette approche. Nous montrons en particulier comment les relaxations semi-définies positives permettent de construire les problèmes équivalents (QP') les plus intéressants. Dans le cas des variables binaires, nous donnons une vision des linéarisations classiques comme un cas particulier de reformulation quadratique convexe. Enfin, nous illustrons la généralité et l'efficacité expérimentale de la résolution exacte par reformulation quadratique convexe sur différents problèmes d'Optimisation Combinatoire. Références A. Billionnet et S. Elloumi. Using a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Solver for the Unconstrained Quadratic 0-1 Problem . Mathematical Programming, 109(1): 55-68, 2007. A. Billionnet, S. Elloumi et M.-C. Plateau. Improving standard solvers convex reformulation for constrained quadratic 0-1 programs: the QCR method. Discrete Applied Math, vol. 157(6), 2009, pp. 1185-1197. A. Billionnet, S. Elloumi et A. Lambert. Extending the QCR method to general mixed-integer programs. Mathematical Programming, vol. 131(1), 2012, pp.381-401</p
Tutoriel : Reformulation Quadratique Convexe pour l'optimisation Quadratique discrète : résultats de base et extensions récentes
No full textInternational audienceNous considérons le problème (QP) de la minimisation d'une fonction quadratique sous des contraintes linéaires ou quadratiques. Les variables sont entières et bornées. Ce problème très général permet de modéliser de nombreux problèmes classiques en Optimisation Combinatoire et constitue une première généralisation de la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers. Une différence majeure entre (QP) et les programmes linéaires en nombres entiers réside dans le fait que, en général, sa relaxation continue fournit un problème lui aussi NP-difficile. Pour contourner cette difficulté, la reformulation quadratique convexe transforme (QP) en un problème (QP') équivalent mais dont la relaxation continue est un problème convexe. Afin de calculer une solution optimale de (QP), on peut alors résoudre (QP') par un algorithme d'énumération implicite basé sur l'optimisation continue convexe. Nous faisons un tour d'horizon de développements récents de cette approche. Nous montrons en particulier comment les relaxations semi-définies positives permettent de construire les problèmes équivalents (QP') les plus intéressants. Dans le cas des variables binaires, nous donnons une vision des linéarisations classiques comme un cas particulier de reformulation quadratique convexe. Enfin, nous illustrons la généralité et l'efficacité expérimentale de la résolution exacte par reformulation quadratique convexe sur différents problèmes d'Optimisation Combinatoire. Références A. Billionnet et S. Elloumi. Using a Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Solver for the Unconstrained Quadratic 0-1 Problem . Mathematical Programming, 109(1): 55-68, 2007. A. Billionnet, S. Elloumi et M.-C. Plateau. Improving standard solvers convex reformulation for constrained quadratic 0-1 programs: the QCR method. Discrete Applied Math, vol. 157(6), 2009, pp. 1185-1197. A. Billionnet, S. Elloumi et A. Lambert. Extending the QCR method to general mixed-integer programs. Mathematical Programming, vol. 131(1), 2012, pp.381-401</p
A computational study for the p-median Problem
No full textGiven a set of clients and a set of potential sites for facilities, the p-median problem consists of opening a set of p sites and assigning each client to the closest open facility to it. In [Elloumi, S., A tighter formulation of the p-median problem, J. Comb. Optim., 19 (2004), 69?83], a new formulation of this problem was proposed that takes benefit from identical values in the distance matrix. This formulation, when directly used in a mixed integer linear programming software, was proved to perform better than other known formulations, on a large number of instances. Here, we propose to improve the performances of the new formulation by taking benefit from its structure in the solution of its LP-relaxation. Rows and columns are gradually added to the linear program until a condition on the optimal values of the variables is reached. A computational comparison is carried out on many classes of instances
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Normative data and physical determinants of multiple sprint sets in young soccer players aged 11 to 18 years: effect of maturity status
No full textThe aims of the study were: (a) to establish normative data for repeated-sprint sets (RSS) test based on the maturity status (age at peak height velocity [PHV]) and (2) to investigate the relationship between anthropometrical variables (stature, sitting height, body mass, and body fat percentage), RSS (2 × 5 × 20 m with 15-second recovery between sprints and 1-minute recovery between sets), and fitness tests squat jump, countermovement jump, standing long jump, standing triple jump, 5-jump test, and 20-m shuttle run (multistage shuttle run test [MSRT]). Young male soccer players (n = 262; age: 14.5 ± 2.9 years) were evaluated and classified into 4 groups according to their maturity status: pre-PHV, circum-PHV1, circum-PHV2, post-PHV. An analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc were used to determine maturity group differences (p ≤ 0.05), whereas Pearson's correlation was used between variables. Repeated-sprint sets' indices (sum of sprint times [SST] and best sprint time [BST]) were significantly different between the maturity groups. Significant correlations between SST with body mass (from −0.73 to −0.33) and MSRT (from −0.49 to −0.30) among each maturity group were found. With the different maturity groups, correlations between SST (s), BST (s), and vertical jump (cm) (r = −0.63 to −0.25 and r = −0.68 to −0.23) and horizontal jump (m) (r = −0.70 to −0.38 and r = −0.63 to −0.43) were observed. Repeated-sprint sets' values improve during maturation of young soccer players and the correlations between RSS and fitness tests vary through the maturity groups. This information could be useful for the coach to identify talent and to prescribe specific physical training to improve performanc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author's address:
No full textCan archives of audiovisual TV interviews be used to make authors more visible to students, and thereby reduce the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers in college classes? We examined students in a college course who learned about one scholar's ideas through watching an audiovisual TV interview (i.e., visible author format) and about another scholar's ideas through reading a formal text description (i.e., invisible author format). For the invisible author, native language speakers scored significantly higher than the non-native language speakers on a corresponding exam question (i.e., a cognitive measure), generated more words on the exam question (i.e., a motivational measure), and mentioned the author's name more often in answering the exam question (i.e., an affective measure). For the visible author, the groups did not differ on any of these measures. These findings provide evidence for the idea that making the author visible through audiovisual TV interviews can eliminate the learning gap between native and non-native language speakers. 3 Universities around the world serve students who are non-native speakers of th
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