1,322 research outputs found
A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of the H2S test versus indicator bacteria tests for faecal contamination of water
No full textThe H2S test, a simple, low-cost field test, is used in many remote and developing country settings to test for the faecal contamination of drinking-water. However, its diagnostic accuracy remains uncertain. To provide more guidance on its use, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the H2S test versus indicator bacterial tests for E. coli or thermotolerant coliforms (TTC). We screened 661 abstracts and identified 51 relevant studies based on 13,853 water samples. The overall test sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) was 0.87 (0.80-0.92) and 0.82 (0.72-0.90) relative to TTC and 0.88 (0.77-0.94) and 0.75 (0.55–0.88) relative to E. coli tests. The test’s diagnostic accuracy varied significantly and substantially between studies. Little of this variation was explained by testing procedures, study quality or the nature of the samples processed. We recommended that users should benchmark its accuracy before using in a new setting
MY DARK VANESSA, DE KATE ELIZABETH RUSSELL
No full textIn this review, I analyse the novel My Dark Vanessa, by North-American author Kate Elizabeth Russell, focusing on narrative strategies like the use of suspense, the resort to an unreliable narrator, the chronological alternance between past and present. To substantiate my study, I quote examples taken from the main steps of the plot and I comment upon them.Nesta recensão, analiso o romance My Dark Vanessa, da escritora norte-americana Kate Elizabeth Russell, focando estratégicas narrativas como o uso do suspense, o recurso à narradora não fiável, a alternância cronológica entre passado e presente. Para escorar o meu estudo, cito exemplos dos principais passos do enredo e comento-os
Quem me narra? Breve investigação sobre Louise e Ana nos contos de Kate Chopin e Clarice Lispector
No full text“The story of an hour” (1894), by Kate Chopin, and “Amor” (1950), by Clarice Lispector, take part in the tradition of women’s writing (écriture féminine) using short format literature to explore the theme of domestic and marital (un)happiness. Both short stories narrate in the third person the experiences of a solitary rapture in the lives of their protagonists, Louise and Anne, respectively. Centered on Wayne C. Booth’s model of division between author, implied author, and narrator and Gérard Genette’s reflections on these narrative instances, this investigation assumes that the authors are not the ones narrating the intimate experiences of these characters, but voices created by them. Who has the privilege of those voices? Based on part of the vast critical fortune of the authors, this study examines the hypothesis that the identity of those who perform the narrative function in these short stories varies according to the interpretation we make of the stories and their characters.“A história de uma hora” (1894), de Kate Chopin, e “Amor” (1950), de Clarice Lispector, integram a tradição da escritura feminina que tira proveito do formato conto para explorar a temática da (in)felicidade doméstica e conjugal. Ambos os contos narram em terceira pessoa as experiências de um solitário arrebatamento na vida de suas protagonistas, respectivamente, Louise e Ana. Partindo do modelo de separação de autor, autor implícito e narrador de Wayne C. Booth e das reflexões de Gérard Genette sobre essas instâncias narrativas, entende-se que não são as autoras que estão narrando as vivências íntimas dessas personagens, mas uma voz criada por elas. Quem detém o privilégio dessa voz? Com base em parte da vasta fortuna crítica das autoras, examinase a hipótese de que a identidade de quem desempenha a função narrativa nos contos varia conforme a interpretação que fazemos das histórias e de suas personagens
A cross-sectional study of patterns of renewed stress among parents of children with autism
No full textParents of children with autism report levels of stress higher than that reported by parents of children with other developmental disabilities and typically developing children (Donovan, 1988). Though a considerable amount of research has focused on the identification of variables, specific to autism, that increase parent stress, little attention has been given to shifts in parenting stress over time. Parents may be especially susceptible to increased stress during times characterized by transitions in their child's educational, vocational, or residential placement and at times when they are reminded of the effects of the long-term nature of their child's diagnosis. Children's developmental transitions into school-age, adolescence, and adulthood are times during which parents are often faced with decisions about their child's placement and may be more likely to experience "transition" and "reminder" events that increase parent stress.
The current study compared the stress of parents (67 mothers and 39 fathers) whose children were currently aging into a developmental transition and those whose children were not. Parents completed questionnaires regarding their current level of stress, recent experiences raising their child with autism, child behavior, and social support. Contrary to expectations, parents of children in developmental transition groups did not report higher stress levels than did other parents. Additionally, parents of children in developmental transition and non-developmental transition groups were equally likely to report considering a transition in their child's placement or being reminded of their child's long-term diagnosis. However, child problem behavior significantly predicted parenting stress for mothers and fathers, and the number of reported reminders of their child's long-term diagnosis significantly predicted increased parenting and general life stress for fathers, but not for mothers.
Though replication and a larger sample size are necessary to validate the findings in the current study, these initial results suggest that mothers' and fathers' stress levels are differentially affected by their experiences with their child with autism. Implications of this research include tailoring parent support to address concerns about child problem behavior and, for fathers, addressing the perceived impact of their child's long-term disability on the goals they held for themselves and their child prior to diagnosis.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62)by Kate E. Fisk
Kate Chopin na Língua
No full textThe present article is an analysis of an American tale, The Story of an Hour, from Kate Chopin (1894), in the light of Émile Benveniste, aiming at corroborating the hypothesis that the author marks herself in the employment of the English language as well as makes herself present in the world indirectly once bringing about her subjectivity.
Key-words: formal apparel, subjectivity, enunciation.O presente artigo é uma análise de um conto americano, A História de Uma Hora (The Story of an Hour), de 1894, de Kate Chopin, à luz da teoria de Émile Benveniste no sentido de corroborar a hipótese de que a autora se marca no emprego da Língua Inglesa e se faz presente no mundo trazendo a sua subjetividade indiretamente
The H2S test versus standard indicator bacteria tests for faecal contamination of water: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textObjectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the H2S test for microbiological contamination of domestic water across different settings, as a basis for providing guidance on its use.Methods: We searched a range of bibliographic and ‘grey’ literature databases to identify studies that had processed domestic water samples using both the H2S test and recognized tests for thermotolerant coliforms or Escherichia coli. We screened 661 study abstracts and identified 51 relevant studies based on 13 853 water samples. For each relevant study, we recorded the level of correspondence between the H2S and recognized tests, microbial testing procedures, details of the samples processed and study quality indicators. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of testing procedures, study quality and sample characteristics on the diagnostic accuracy of the H2S test.Results: H2S test implementation varied between studies, and the test’s diagnostic accuracy varied significantly and substantially between studies. Little of this variation was explained by testing procedures, study quality or the nature of the samples processed.Conclusions:?Although in widespread use, our findings suggest that the diagnostic accuracy, particularly specificity, of the H2S test is variable. Optimal conditions for conducting the test remain unclear. As H2S test accuracy is low in a minority of these studies, we recommend that its performance be evaluated relative to standard methods, prior to its operational deployment in a new setting.<br/
Jornalismo e quadrinhos: um olhar sobre “refugiados”, de Kate Evans
No full textA monografia a seguir tem a intenção de analisar o gênero conhecido como jornalismo em quadrinhos a partir da obra “Refugiados: A Última Fronteira”, da cartunista e ativista britânica Kate Evans. A ideia é compreender a integração do jornalismo com as histórias em quadrinhos a partir da técnica de estudo de caso descritiva utilizando como principal autor de referência Yin (2001). Além dele outros autores complementam a lista de referências como Traquina (2005) e Nascimento (2009) que são utilizados para explicar as técnicas jornalísticas e ajudar na compreensão da narrativa da profissão. Já McCloud (2005) funciona como principal fonte ao elucidar os métodos utilizados na produção das narrativas gráficas. Outrem, como Dutra (2003), Souza Júnior (2010) e outros autores utilizados mais pontualmente, terão suas análises aplicadas complementarmente ao estudo no que diz respeito tanto às obras que estão diretamente relacionadas as histórias em quadrinhos, quanto as que são provenientes das narrativas jornalísticas.The following monograph intends to analyze the genre known as comics journalism based on the work “Threads: From the Refugee Crisis”, by British cartoonist and activist Kate Evans. The idea is to understand the integration of journalism with comic books from the technique of descriptive case study using as the main author of reference Yin (2001). In addition to him, other authors complement the list of references such as Traquina (2005) and Nascimento (2009), which are used to explain journalistic techniques and help in understanding the narrative of the profession. McCloud (2005) works as the main source to elucidate the methods used in the production of graphic narratives. Others, such as Dutra (2003), Souza Júnior (2010) and other authors used more occasionally, will have their analyzes applied as a complement to the study regarding both the works that are directly related to the comic books, as well as those that come from the journalistic narratives
The Storm
No full textTradução do conto “A tempestade”, de Kate Chopin (1850-1904), publicado originalmente em 1898 e de domínio público. A tradução é acompanhada de uma breve apresentação, com informações sobre a autora, o conto e a justificativa da escolha de traduzi-lo, bem como a base teórica do tradutor. O texto traz notas explicativas de certas escolhas feitas pelo tradutor.Translation of the short story “The Storm”, by Kate Chopin (1850-1904), originally published in 1898, in public domain. The translation is accompanied by a brief presentation, with information about the author, the short story and the justification for choosing to translate it, as well as the theoretical basis of the a translator. The text gives explanatory notes of certain choices made by the translator
A liberdade como o elixir da vida na ficção de Kate Chopin
No full textThis paper seeks to analyze the theme of freedom as the elixir of life, weaving, in turn, a dialogue between the short stories “Emancipation: A Fable of Life” (1869-1870) and “The Story of an Hour” (1894), by the American author Kate Chopin. In both narratives, the symbolic setting that delineates the scenery of nature is opposed to the closed space of the cage and the house as a representation of social imprisonment. In this sense, the possibility of breaking through such barriers drives the characters’ self-realization, both in the fabled universe represented by an animal that glimpses the possibility of being free and all the implications of the search for survival and in the protagonist Louise Mallard, who, faced with supposed widowhood, imagines a new life metaphorically awakened by the spring scenario. Contesting the imprisonment of individuality and perspectives of the characters confined in claustrophobic spaces, the short stories reveal the author’s critical bias towards female limitations imposed by patriarchal ideology. To this end, the analyses will be guided by the considerations of Per Seyersted (1969, 1980), Betty Friedan (1971), Bernard Koloski (1996), among other authors.Busca-se, no presente artigo, analisar a temática da liberdade como elixir da vida, tecendo, por sua vez, um diálogo entre os contos “Emancipação: uma fábula da vida” (1869-1870) e “A história de uma hora” (1894), da autora estadunidense Kate Chopin. Em ambas as narrativas, a ambientação simbólica que delineia o cenário da natureza se contrapõe ao espaço fechado da jaula e da casa como representação do aprisionamento social. Nesse sentido, a possibilidade de romper tais barreiras impulsiona a autorrealização das personagens, tanto do universo fabular representado por um animal que vislumbra a possibilidade de ser livre e todas as implicações da busca pela sobrevivência como da protagonista Louise Mallard, que, diante da suposta viuvez, imagina uma nova vida metaforicamente desperta pelo cenário da primavera. Contestando o aprisionamento da individualidade e de perspectivas das personagens confinadas em espaços claustrofóbicos, os contos revelam o viés crítico da autora em relação às limitações femininas impostas pela ideologia patriarcal. Para tanto, as análises serão norteadas pelas considerações de Per Seyersted (1969, 1980), Betty Friedan (1971), Bernard Koloski (1996), entre outros autores
Pseudohallucinations in an Adolescent: Considerations for Diagnosis and Treatment in the Case of "Kate"
No full textHallucinations are usually considered a hallmark of severe psychopathology, most commonly psychotic or thought disorders such as schizophrenia or other organic brain syndromes. However, several studies describe '"non-psychotic hallucinations" occurring in children and adolescents who experience hallucinations without other core symptoms of true psychosis, such as the presence of a thought disorder, disorganized behavior, and pervasive dysfunction. Some authors describe the controversial subject of "pseudohallucinations," which appears to be more representative of conversion disorder symptoms rather than psychotic symptoms. We present a case of "Kate," a 16-year-old adolescent female who required psychiatric hospitalization for auditory hallucinations with secondary delusional thinking. She was initially given a diagnosis of psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified (NOS), and treated with an antipsychotic and an antidepressant. At outpatient follow-up, although Kate continued to endorse hallucinations and delusional thinking, her symptoms were not felt to be part of a true psychotic disorder. The hallucinations could be viewed as a product of extreme anxiety; a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was made, and Kate was maintained on the antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. However, this did not entirely explain Kate's symptoms. The consideration of "pseudohallucinations" as conversion disorder symptoms in the form of psychiatric symptoms was key to making an accurate diagnosis, predicting prognosis, and tailoring treatment for Kate and her parents. A total of 29 months of a combination of both cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic treatment by the first author (MAS) included both weekly individual therapy and weekly therapy with her parents for the first 12 months, biweekly individual and parents therapy for the next eight months, and monthly individual sessions for the final nine months, during which Kate was 18 years old. During the initial course of treatment, the antipsychotic was tapered and discontinued without precipitating an exacerbation of symptoms. Symptoms continued to improve throughout treatment with both patient and parents. We discuss the differences between psychosis and “pseudopsychosis” and the reasons for making the distinction in this case. We also discuss the possible explanation for these "pseudohallucinations" in Kate and how treatment was tailored. Finally, we discuss the implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this and similar cases of non-psychotic hallucinations
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