315 research outputs found
On the definition of solution to the total variation flow
No full textFunding Information: The first author would like to thank Heikki Hakkarainen, Panu Lahti and Olli Saari for several useful discussions on this topic over the years. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).We show that the notions of weak solution to the total variation flow based on the Anzellotti pairing and the variational inequality coincide under some restrictions on the boundary data. The key ingredient in the argument is a duality result for the total variation functional, which is based on an approximation of the total variation by area-type functionals.Peer reviewe
Systems engineering in wireless communications / Heikki Koivo, Mohammed Elmusrati.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.xiii, 341 pages
Escalating and de-escalating treatment in HER2-positive early breast cancer
No full textAbstractThe current standard adjuvant systemic treatment of early HER2-positive breast cancer consists of chemotherapy plus 12months of trastuzumab, with or without endocrine therapy. Several trials have investigated modifications of the standard treatment that are shorter and less resource-demanding (de-escalation) or regimens that aim at dual HER2 inhibition or include longer than 12months of HER2-targeted treatment (escalation). Seven randomized trials investigate shorter than 12months of trastuzumab treatment duration. The shorter durations were not statistically inferior to the 1-year duration in the 3 trials with survival results available, but 2 of the trials were small and 1 had a relatively short follow-up time of the patients at the time of reporting. The pathological complete response (pCR) rates were numerically higher in all 9 randomized trials that compared chemotherapy plus dual HER2 inhibition consisting of trastuzumab plus either lapatinib, neratinib, or pertuzumab with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab as neoadjuvant treatments, but the superiority of chemotherapy plus dual HER2-inhibition over chemotherapy plus trastuzumab remains to be demonstrated in the adjuvant setting. One year of adjuvant trastuzumab was as effective as 2years of trastuzumab in the HERA trial, and was associated with fewer side-effects. Extending 1-year adjuvant trastuzumab treatment with 1year of neratinib improved disease-free survival in the ExteNET trial, but the patient follow-up times are still short, and no overall survival benefit was reported. Several important trials are expected to report results in the near future and may modify the current standard
Resolving the conflict between environmental damage and agricultural viability on less favoured areas
No full textProduction linked supports are paid for agriculture in less favoured areas (LFA) in Finland in order to maintain agricultural production and farms. The CAP reform increased the importance of LFA payments and other payments which are still partly coupled to production. We evaluate if any significant environmental damage can be avoided without risking maintenance agricultural production in less favoured areas. We also evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative policy measures to decrease nutrient surplus, promote biodiversity, and maintain production and farm income. The policy options evaluated are full decoupling, fertiliser tax, both combined and explicit payments for reduced nutrient surpluses. The impacts of the options are compared to the baseline assuming milk quota abolition and continuation of production linked CAP beef premia. Sector model results suggest that decoupling of certain degree would improve the effectiveness of targeted agri-environmental support measures, and in some cases considerable reduction in nutrient surplus is possible with relatively minor reduction in agricultural production and farm income. Fertiliser tax appears to be efficient especially when combined to decoupling while explicit payments on nutrient surpluses as well as full decoupling have some negative side-effects.Agri-environmental policies, nutrient surplus, agricultural sector modelling, Environmental Economics and Policy,
Kuinka voin auttaa? : Yksilöllistetyn pianonsoiton opetusprojekti Valteri-koulu Mäntykankaalla
No full textKuinka voin auttaa? Yksilöllistetyn pianonsoiton opetusprojekti Valteri-koulu Mäntykankaalla -opinnätetyössä toteutettiin pianonsoitonopetusta Valteri-koulu Mäntykankaalla Kuopiossa kahdelle erityisen tuen tarpeiselle oppilaalle, joista toinen sairastaa lihastautia ja toisella on keskittymisen haasteita. Viikottaiset 45 minuutin yksilöllistetyt pianotunnit ajoittuivat vuoden 2018 syyskuusta aina joulukuuhun, ja opetuspäiväksi valikoitui torstai. Oppilaat esiintyivät projektin päätteeksi pianonsoitollaan Valteri-koulu Mäntykankaalla, jossa ohjaaja-na toimi koulun erityisluokanopettaja Heikki Koistinen.
Opinnäytetyössä esitellään inklusiivista musiikkipedagogiikkaa ja sen keskeistä terminologiaa, perehdytään lihastauteihin sekä tarkkaavaisuuden ja toiminnanohjauksen vaikeuksiin. Pääpainopiste opinnäytetyössä on oppilaiden kanssa toteutuneissa opetusprojekteissa ja niissä käytettävissä opetusmenetelmissä. Opinnäyte-työn käytännön osuutena oli kaksi opetusprojektia: Linnunsiivet ja Tarroja keskittymistaulukkoon. Raportointi sisältää pianotuntien tuntisuunnitelmat ja kuvaukset toteutuneista tunneista. Pianotuntien taltioinnit olivat projektien opettajan apuna raportoinnissa ja reflektoinnissa.
Opinnäytetyön nimi ”Kuinka voin auttaa?” kiteyttää kirjoittajan sekä musiikkikasvatuksellista että -terapeuttista ajatusmaailmaa. Opetusprojektissaan hän paitsi halusi auttaa oppilaita oppimaan pianonsoittoa, halusi hän myös auttaa heitä keskittymisen ja lihastaudin kanssa. Tekijällä ei ollut aiempaa kokemusta erityis-tä tukea tarvitsevien oppilaiden opettamisesta ja projektin tulokset osoittavat, ettei se ollut tarpeellistakaan. Kunnioittavalla kohtaamisella ja vuorovaikutustaidoilla opettaja onnistui luomaan opetukseen tarvittavan luot-tamuksen. Pedagoginen arviointikyky auttoi opettajaa miettimään oppilaille yksilöllistettyjä tehtäviä ja sopivia toimintatapoja keskittymisen ja lihasten toiminnan ylläpidon tueksi. Oppilaat kokivat oppimisen riemua ja kumpikin oppilas kehittyi pianonsoitossa omalla tasollaan.In the thesis “How Can I Help? Individualised Piano Teaching Project at Valteri School Mäntykangas “, piano teaching was conducted at Kuopio’s Valteri School for two pupils in need of special support, one of whom is suffering from muscle disease and the other has challenges with concentration. Weekly 45-minute-long per-sonalised piano lessons were held from September to December of 2018, and Thursday was chosen as the teaching day. At the end of the project, these pupils performed piano music at Valteri School Mäntykangas where special class teacher Heikki Koistinen worked as the project’s supervi-sor.
The thesis demonstrates inclusive music pedagogy and its key terminology, familiarises with muscle disease and the problems with attention and activity control. The main focus of the thesis is on the educational pro-jects implemented with the pupils and the teaching methods used in them. The practical part of the thesis consists of two teaching projects: Wings of a bird and Stickers to the concentration table. The report includes lesson plans and descriptions of the conducted lessons. Recordings of conducted piano lessons helped the projects’ teacher to report and reflect.
The thesis’ name “How can I help?” encapsulates the writer’s music educational thinking and her thoughts on the therapeutic use of music. In this teaching project she wanted to help her pupils with concentration and muscle disease with the aid of piano lessons. The author had no teaching experience with pupils with special needs prior to this project. Furthermore, as the project’s results proved: it was not even necessary. Encoun-tering the pupils respectfully and using existing interaction skills, the teacher managed to create the confi-dence needed in teaching. Pedagogical discernment helped the teacher to find individualised tasks and fitting approaches to uphold concentration and muscle activity for the pupils. In addition, music education results were also achieved: the pupils experienced the joy of learning and each pupil developed piano skills at their own level
Benvenuto Stracca "Tractatus de mercatura seu mercatore" ("Treatise on Commerce or on the Merchant")
No full textLa voce riguarda una descrizione dettagliata del "Tractatus de mercatura seu mercatore" di Benvenuto Stracca e del suo ruolo nella storia del diritto.This volume surveys 150 law books of fundamental importance in the history of Western legal literature and culture. The entries are organized in three sections: the first dealing with the transitional period of fifteenth-century editions of medieval authorities, the second spanning the early modern period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, and the third focusing on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The contributors are scholars from all over the world. Each ‘old book’ is analyzed by a recognized specialist in the specific field of interest. Individual entries give a short biography of the author and discuss the significance of the works in the time and setting of their publication, and in their broader influence on the development of law worldwide. Introductory essays explore the development of Western legal traditions, especially the influence of the English common law, and of Roman and canon law on legal writers, and the borrowings and interaction between them.
The book goes beyond the study of institutions and traditions of individual countries to chart a broader perspective on the transmission of legal concepts across legal, political, and geographical boundaries. Examining the branches of this genealogical tree of books makes clear their pervasive influence on modern legal systems, including attempts at rationalizing custom or creating new hybrid systems by transplanting Western legal concepts into other jurisdictions
The Music of Heikki Aaltoila as genotext in the Film Niskavuoren Heta
No full textTiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty
Humanistinen tiedekunta Koulutusohjelma – Utbildningsprogram – Degree Programme
Filosofian, historian, kulttuurin ja taiteiden tutkimuksen laitos
Opintosuunta – Studieinriktning – Study Track
Musiikkitiede
Tekijä – Författare – Author
Maini Tuominen
Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Khorasta kuuloasentoon
Khorasta kuuloasentoon Heikki Aaltoilan musiikki Niskavuoren Heta –elokuvan genotekstinä sivuja 46
Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract
Tutkielma käsittelee Niskavuoren Heta -elokuvan musiikkia ja sen suhdetta elokuvan muuhun kerrontaan. Tärkeänä viitekehyksenä on psykoanalyyttinen musiikin ja elokuvamusiikin tutkimus, mutta tutkielmassa on perehdytty myös muuhun elokuvamusiikin tutkimukseen ja sen historiaan.
Tutkielmassa elokuvan musiikki otetaan lähikuunteluun – irrottamatta sitä elokuvan muusta kerronnasta – ja luodaan nimenomaan tutkittavana olevasta elokuvasta sen oma sisäinen musiikkifunktioiden luokittelu. Tätä luokittelua verrataan Anu Juvan elokuvamusiikin funktio- analyysiin.
Elokuvan musiikkia analysoidaan Julia Kristevan terminologiaa käyttäen siten, että elokuvan näyttämölliset tapahtumat – valkokankaalla – käsitellään fenotekstinä ja musiikki edustaa genotekstiä. Fenoteksti kertoo siitä, miten asioiden halutaan olevan, miltä niiden halutaan näyttävän ja mikä on ikäänkuin ”totuus” asioista. Genoteksti taas paljastaa syvempiä tunteita ja ja ajatuksia; elokuvassa tämä tapahtuu musiikin keinoin. Näitä käsitteitä selvennetään paneutumalla Kristevan muuhunkin ajatteluun, lähinnä pienen lapsen eriytymättömään maailmaan ennen verbaalisen kielen kehittymistä. Tämä maailma on se osa mielen rakennetta, joka pysyy meissä läpi elämän ja jota kuvataan tiedostamattomana mielen osana. Lapsen olemassaolon tapaa, joka on yhtä äidin kanssa ja joka koostuu äänistä, rytmeistä, kosketuksista ja niin edelleen, Kristeva kutsuu nimellä khora.
Tämä tutkielma pyrkii osoittamaan Niskavuoren Heta –elokuvan musiikin analysoimisen avulla, miten meillä on elokuvamusiikissa – kuten musiikissa yleisemminkin – suora yhteys arkaaiseen kehitysvaiheeseemme
Oral discomfort and health behavior of patients with typical vs. atypical antipsychotic drugs
No full textIntroduction: Psychiatric patients suffer from oral diseases and side effects of antipsychotic medication. In particular, the typical antipsychotic drugs may cause severe hyposalivation with subsequent oral symptoms. We therefore aimed to compare oral health behavior and oral side effects of in-hospital patients taking typical vs. atypical antipsychotic drugs with the hypothesis that the former drugs cause more oral pain than the newer drugs. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire and interview study investigated subjective oral symptoms and their health behavior in 170 hospitalized psychiatric patients, comparing those taking typical vs. atypical antipsychotic drugs. Cross-tabulations and chi-square tests were used for analyses. Results: Persistent oral pain lasting throughout the day was reported by 46% in the typical, and 5% in the atypical antipsychotic group patients, respectively. In both groups, the pain was mainly in the tongue and buccal mucosa and was described as a burning sensation. A significantly higher prevalence of xerostomia was reported in the typical antipsychotic medication group (66%) compared with the atypical antipsychotic medication group (53%, p<0.01). Self-assessed dental health was assessed as poor by two-thirds of the patients of whom 69% reported toothbrushing once daily. Approximately half of them reported having had a visit to a dentist within the previous year. Of the women 28%, and of the men 17%, respectively, had received professional consultations for oral symptoms. Conclusion: The current results on psychiatrically hospitalized patients emphasize the need for awareness of oral discomfort and its subsequent effects on the quality of life in this challenging patient group. Focus should also be placed on a wide range of support encouraging the patients to maintain good daily oral hygiene and seek professional dental help when needed.Peer reviewe
De Aequalitate latinitatis jurisperitorum (Le latin juridique dans les grandes familles de droit contemporaines à la lumière des dictionnaires spécialisés)
No full textThis article examines the value of legal Latin as an instrument of communication between lawyers of different countries. The author asks : Is legal Latin homogenous, and what are the risks of misunderstanding ? In this respect, the opinions presented by comparativists and legal linguists have differed. New light is therefore needed, and this may be shed by empirical studies. Comprehensive studies are lacking for the time being, but a comparison of legal Latin dictionaries published in different countries gives a rough idea of the international value of legal Latin. The results of such a study, described in this article, show that there are clearly visible differences between the major legal families in so far as their usage of legal Latin is concerned. This is especially true for the relationship between Civil Law and Common Law countries. But there also are differences between countries of the same family. At the end of the article, the author puts forward a proposai to compile an international dictionary of legal Latin.Le présent article examine la valeur du latin juridique en tant qu'instrument de communication entre les juristes de divers pays : est-il homogène et quels sont les risques de malentendus ? Les opinions des comparatistes et des jurilinguistes divergent sur ce sujet. Des recherches empiriques apportent un nouveau regard sur ce problème. En attendant des recherches plus étendues, une comparaison des dictionnaires de latin juridique de divers pays donne une idée sommaire de la valeur internationale du latin juridique. Les résultats d'une telle comparaison, décrite dans le présent article, décèlent que les différences connues entre les grandes familles de droit sont également visibles dans l'utilisation du latin juridique. Il en est ainsi pour les rapports entre la famille romano-germanique et la common law. Mais il y a aussi des variations entre les pays de la même famille. A la fin de l'article, l'auteur lance l'idée de la rédaction d'un dictionnaire international de latin juridique.E.S. Mattila Heikki. De Aequalitate latinitatis jurisperitorum (Le latin juridique dans les grandes familles de droit contemporaines à la lumière des dictionnaires spécialisés). In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 54 N°3, Juillet-septembre 2002. pp. 717-758
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