438 research outputs found
Comentário sobre “Sraffa e a Teoria do Valor do Trabalho: uma nota”: resposta a William Jefferies
No full textThis is a reply to the criticisms raised by William Jefferies (Jefferies, 2020) to my article “Sraffa and the Labour Theory of Value: a note” (Araujo, 2019). In Jefferies (2020) the author has given great emphasis to the question of physical commensurability between input and output in Sraffa’s price model.
JEL Classification: B12; B51.Esta é uma resposta às críticas levantadas por William Jefferies (Jefferies, 2020) ao meu artigo “Sraffa e a Teoria do Valor do Trabalho: uma nota” (Araujo, 2019). Em Jefferies (2020), o autor deu grande ênfase à questão da comensurabilidade física entre insumo e produto no modelo de preços de Sraffa.
Classificação JEL : B12; B51
Soul-Life: Richard Jefferies’ Mystical Vision of Nature
No full textThis paper examines Richard Jefferies’ contribution to the study of nature mysticism. I argue that the study of nature mysticism can be utilized as a valuable source of insight to cultivate a more ecocentric response to the ecological crisis. Historically, the study of mysticism in the West has been shaped by a monotheistic bias that tends to marginalize the teachings of nature mystics. I seek to redress this lacuna in the field by calling attention to the understudied teachings of the English mystic and author, Richard Jefferies. I claim that Jefferies’ spiritual autobiography, The Story of My Heart ([1883] 2014) presents a compelling vision of nature mysticism that challenges the reader to reflect critically on conventional understandings of God, body, and time/being. Most significantly, I argue that Jefferies’ concept of “soul-life” can be interpreted as an ontological category characterized by an intellectual and moral sensitivity towards the wonders of nature. Jefferies believed that the cultivation of soul-life is transformative and key to unlocking the full potential of our relationship to the earth and each other
The interplay between control processes and feature relevance: Evidence from dual task methodology
No full textNeuropsychological studies suggest a distinction between (a) semantic knowledge and (b) control processes that shape the retrieval of conceptual information to suit the task or context. These aspects of semantic cognition are specifically impaired in patients with semantic dementia and semantic aphasia, respectively. However, interactions between the structure of knowledge and control processes that are expected during semantic retrieval have not been fully characterised. In particular, domain-general executive resources may not have equal relevance for the capacity to promote weak yet task relevant features (i.e., “controlled retrieval) and to ignore or suppress distracting information (i.e., “selection”). Here, using a feature selection task, we tested the contribution of featural relevance to semantic performance in healthy participants under conditions of divided attention. Healthy participants showed greater dual-task disruption as the relevance value of the distractor feature linearly increased, supporting the emerging view that semantic relevance is one of the organising principles of the structure of semantic representation. Moreover, word frequency, and inter-correlational strength affected overall performance, but they did not show an interaction with dual-task conditions. These results suggest that domain-general control processes, disrupted by divided attention, are more important to the capacity to efficiently avoid distracting information during semantic decision-making than to the promotion of weak target features. The present study therefore provides novel information about the nature of the interaction between structured conceptual knowledge and control processes that support the retrieval of appropriate information and relates these results to a new theoretical framework, termed controlled semantic cognition
Whose Book is it Anyway?: A View from elsewhere on publishing, copyright and creativity
No full textWhose Book is it Anyway? is a provocative collection of essays that opens out the copyright debate to questions of open access, ethics, and creativity. It includes views – such as artist’s perspectives, writer’s perspectives, feminist, and international perspectives – that are too often marginalized or elided altogether.
The diverse range of contributors take various approaches, from the scholarly and the essayistic to the graphic, to explore the future of publishing based on their experiences as publishers, artists, writers and academics. Considering issues such as intellectual property, copyright and comics, digital publishing and remixing, and what it means (not) to say one is an author, these vibrant essays urge us to view central aspects of writing and publishing in a new light.
Whose Book is it Anyway? is a timely and varied collection of essays. It asks us to reconceive our understanding of publishing, copyright and open access, and it is essential reading for anyone invested in the future of publishing
A Brief History of Investment Banking and My Internship at Jefferies and Company
No full text39 p.The author describes his summer internship at Jefferies & Company reviews the changes in investment banking in this country. The author discusses the separation of commercial and investment banking and the significance of the Glass Steagall Act, then discusses the various components and divisions of investment banking
Correction for Sormaz et al., Default mode network can support the level of detail in experience during active task states
No full textPSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES Correction for “Default mode network can support the level of detail in experience during active task states,” by Mladen Sormaz, Charlotte Murphy, Hao-ting Wang, Mark Hymers, Theodoros Karapanagiotidis, Giulia Poerio, Daniel S. Margulies, Elizabeth Jefferies, and Jonathan Smallwood, which was first published August 27, 2018; 10.1073/pnas.1721259115 (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:9318–9323)
The spatial extent of focused attention modulates attentional disengagement
No full textAttention can be flexibly changed to optimize visual processing: it can be oriented, resized, or even divided. Although much is known about these processes individually, much less is known about how they interact with one another. In the present study we examined how the spatial extent of the attentional focus modulates the efficiency of the first component of attentional orienting, the disengagement of attention. To this end, we used abrupt-onset stimuli of different sizes to trigger the reflexive resizing of the attentional focus (Castiello and Umiltà in Acta Psychol 73:195–209, 1990), combined with a gap task to assess the efficiency of attentional disengagement (Mackeben and Nakayama in Vis Res 33:85–90, 1993). The results of five experiments showed that the magnitude of the gap effect is significantly greater when the scope of attention is small than when it is large, indicating that disengaging attention is delayed when attention is highly focused. Furthermore, these findings highlight that different aspects of attentional control interact with one another, emphasizing the importance of studying them in conjunction.Full Tex
“The Peripatetic Philosopher”: Unlocking the Trauma of Richard Jefferies
No full textThis article considered the juvenilia of Richard Jefferies in light of the traumatic experiences of his early childhood, which included the sudden loss of his elder sister and a move from the country to the city to live with his aunt and uncle. Using a psychobiographical approach the article considers the impact of the prejudice directed towards him from the local Swindon community during his mid-to-late teens, which spurred him forward in honing his skill as an observational writer. Consonant with this process was the discovery and expression of his authentic voice, which was tempered by the financial need to write for the local newspapers. The article illustrates how his treatment of an area of waste land near his boyhood home affords insight into his emotional wellbeing and his maturation as an author and thinker. Through the close reading of passages written between the ages of sixteen and nineteen, alongside excerpts from his mature works, the article identifies a new unexplored dimension to the author and his works at a formative time in his career.</jats:p
Deficits of semantic control disproportionately affect low-relevance conceptual features:evidence from semantic aphasia
No full textBackground: The ability to efficiently select specific aspects of our semantic representations that are relevant for current goals or the context is supported by semantic control processes (controlled semantic cognition framework). This semantic control component is impaired in patients with semantic aphasia, who have multimodal semantic impairment following left hemisphere stroke and are highly sensitive to the control demands of semantic tasks. However, relatively little is known about how this control deficit interacts with aspects of semantic representation. Aims: Here we tested whether the relevance of semantic features can influence the demands of control resources in the selection of information within the semantic store in patients with semantic aphasia. Methods & Procedure: Participants performed a feature selection task, where they were asked to indicate which of three features was semantically related to a given concept. Outcomes & Results: We found that patients with semantic aphasia had a greater impairment on low relevance features, suggesting that the selection of target features with low relevance requires greater semantic control than target features with high relevance. Conclusions: Our results confirm the necessity of control processes for the selection of aspects of conceptual knowledge that are only weakly activated within semantic storage when these are task-relevant. The study therefore highlights that semantic cognition emerges from the interaction of control and representational systems
Deregulated semantic cognition follows prefrontal and temporo-parietal damage: Evidence from the impact of task constraint on nonverbal object use
No full textSemantic cognition, which encompasses all conceptually based behavior, is dependent on the successful interaction of two key components: conceptual representations and regulatory control. Qualitatively distinct disorders of semantic knowledge follow damage to the different parts of this system. Previous studies have shown that patients with multimodal semantic impairment following CVA - a condition referred to as semantic aphasia (SA) - perform poorly on a range of conceptual tasks due to a failure of executive control following prefrontal and/or temporoparietal infarction [ Jefferies, E., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A caseseries comparison. Brain, 129, 2132-2147, 2006]. Although a deficit of core semantic control would be expected to impair all modalities in parallel, most research exploring this condition has focused on tasks in the verbal domain. In a novel exploration of semantic control in the nonverbal domain, therefore, we assessed eight patients with SA on two experiments that examined object use knowledge under different levels of task constraint. Patients exhibited three key characteristics of semantic deregulation: (a) difficulty using conceptual knowledge flexibly to support the noncanonical uses of everyday objects; (b) poor inhibition of semantically related distractor items; and (c) improved object use with the provision ofmore tightly constraining task conditions following verbal and pictorial cues. Our findings are consistent with the notion that a neural network incorporating the left inferior prefrontal and temporo-parietal areas (damaged in SA) underpins regulation of semantic activation across both verbal and nonverbal modalities. © 2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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