1,721,015 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Alcohol as Prodrug of Salsolinol
No full textAlcohol, the psychopharmacologically active ingredient of alcoholic drinks responsible of their addictive potential, represents a threat to both individual and public health being a risk factor of a number of serious pathological condi- tions spanning, besides addiction, from liver and cardiovascular diseases to neurological disorders and cancer. The occurrence of altered behaviors toward uncontrolled alcohol intake is a complex and not yet fully understood phenom- enon. Notwithstanding, it is unanimously recognized that alcohol’s addictive potential resides in its ef!ciency for activating the mesolimbic dopamine system, an ability that involves several central neurotransmitter systems although the speci!c mechanism and site of action are still the subject of intense research. In this regard, recent and compelling evidence points to the two-step metabolic conversion, in the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA), of alcohol into acetaldehyde and salsolinol, the latter being the product of condensation between acetaldehyde and dopamine, as the key mechanism for eliciting dopamine trans- mission in the nucleus accumbens and dopamine-mediated behaviors through the involvement of ! opioid receptors. This chapter emphasizes the strategic role of alcohol metabolism and recapitulates the most recent advances in support of the evidence that alcohol is the prodrug of salsolinol for its actions on the dopamine system and hence for its reinforcing effects and addictive liability.Alcohol, the psychopharmacologically active ingredient of alcoholic drinks responsible of their addictive potential, represents a threat to both individual and public health being a risk factor of a number of serious pathological conditions spanning, besides addiction, from liver and cardiovascular diseases to neurological disorders and cancer. The occurrence of altered behaviors toward uncontrolled alcohol intake is a complex and not yet fully understood phenomenon. Notwithstanding, it is unanimously recognized that alcohol’s addictive potential resides in its efficiency for activating the mesolimbic dopamine system, an ability that involves several central neurotransmitter systems although the specific mechanism and site of action are still the subject of intense research. In this regard, recent and compelling evidence points to the two-step metabolic conversion, in the posterior ventral tegmental area (pVTA), of alcohol into acetaldehyde and salsolinol, the latter being the product of condensation between acetaldehyde and dopamine, as the key mechanism for eliciting dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens and dopamine-mediated behaviors through the involvement of μ opioid receptors. This chapter emphasizes the strategic role of alcohol metabolism and recapitulates the most recent advances in support of the evidence that alcohol is the prodrug of salsolinol for its actions on the dopamine system and hence for its reinforcing effects and addictive liability
Caffeine and Alcohol Beyond Commonplaces Suggested by the Presence of Caffeine in Energy Drinks
No full textThe mixed consumption of caffeinated and alcoholic beverages, both characterized by high concentrations of their psychopharmacologically active constituents, has recently seen, in particular in adolescents and young adults, an impressive boost characterized by a binge-like drinking behavior aimed at obtaining higher levels of alcohol intoxication. This rise of dysregulated consumption, grounded on the fallacious belief that caffeine might reduce the sedative and locomotor impairing effects of high alcohol intake, overall increases the intrinsic potential of alcohol to induce addiction and promote other negative consequences on health directly related to such excessive intake. Moreover, both caffeine and alcohol are endowed with known biphasic effects, and the consequences of their interactions may strictly depend on several factors including doses and modalities of consumption. Although several preclinical studies confirmed the ability of caffeinated and alcoholic drinks to influence each other’s effects, their results remain highly inconclusive. In fact, these studies have been mainly focused on characterizing the effects of the interaction between alcohol and the main ingredient of energy drinks, caffeine, and did not take into consideration that energy drinks are extremely variable in their caffeine’s content and also include other psychopharmacologically active ingredients. The present chapter takes the challenge to synthetically present a critical perspective on the lights and shadows of preclinical evidence on this critical topic that is related to potentially serious implications on public health
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
