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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETHANOL BIJI BUAH PINANG (ARECA CATECHU L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STAPHYLOCOCUS AUREUS SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFABSTRACT
Background: Infectious disease is known as a global concern because of the irrational, excessive and long term use of antibiotics especially in Staphylococcus aureus infection. The unecessarily use of antibiotics can creat a resistance issue such as MSSA, MRSA, VISA and VRSA. So as a new alternative that is being developed in medicine, herbal plants are used. Areca nut (Areca catechu. L) is a herbal plant that is found in Indonesia, especially in Province of Jambi, betel nut is one of the best in the world. The aim of this study are to investigate phytochemical components and inhibition effect Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using dry ethanol extract of betel nuts at concentrations 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% in vitro.
Method: Antibacterial sensitivity tests against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were performed using dry ethanol extract of betel nuts (Areca catechu. L) with various concentrations on each group. Group I is treated nut with a concentration of 20%, Group II with a concentration of 30%, Group III with a concentration of 40%, Group IV with a concentration of 50%, the group V as a negative control (distilled) and group VI as a positive control that was given amoxicillin clavulanate 30μg. Then the inhibitory effects of these treatments are measeure and classified by the Davis and Stout classification in 1971. The data analysis began with Saphiro Wilk test and then with levent test statistic. Because distributed data is not normal, the analysis continued with Kruskal Wallis test and Post Hoc test.
Results: Results of this study showed that the ethanol extract of betel nuts can inhibit the growth of S. aureus, which is a concentration of 20% with a diameter of 13,63mm, concentration of 30% with a diameter of 15mm, concentration of 40% with a diameter of 15,5mm, concentration of 50% with a diameter of 14,7mm compared to the positive control 30μg amoxicillin clavulanate in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus with a diameter of 34,25mm.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of betel nuts can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Areca seed extract with concentration of 40% is the optimum concentration to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Areca catechu. L, Sensitivity Test.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Penyakit infeksi merupakan masalah yang menjadi perhatian global, oleh karena penggunaan antibiotik yang irasional, berlebihan dan dalam jangka waktu yang lama, terurama infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan masalah baru resistensi antibiotik seperti MSSA, MRSA, VISA dan VRSA. Maka sebagai alternatif baru yang sedang dikembangkan dalam pengobatan yaitu dengan menggunakan tanaman herbal. Pinang (Areca catechu. L) merupakan tanaman herbal yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia terutama Propinsi Jambi, pinang ini merupakan salah satu pinang terbaik di dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komponen fitokimia dan daya hambat ekstrak ethanol biji buah pinang terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 secara in vitro pada konsentrasi 20%, 30%, 40% dan 50%.
Metode : Ekstrak ethanol biji buah pinang kering (Areca catechu. L) dilakukan uji sensitifitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dengan berbagai konsentrasi pada masing – masing kelompok. Kelompok I yaitu perlakuan pinang dengan konsentrasi 20%, kelompok II dengan konsentrasi 30%, kelompok III dengan konsentrasi 40%, kelompok IV dengan konsentrasi 50%, kelompok V sebagai kontrol negatif (Aquades) dan kelompok VI sebagai kontrol positif dengan diberikan Amoksisilin Klavulanat 30µg. Kemudian diukur efek inhibisi dari perlakuan tersebut dan digolongkan berdasarkan penggolongan Davis and Stout 1971. Analisis data diawali dengan uji Saphiro-Wilk dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Levene, oleh karena data terdistribusi tidak normal maka dilakukan uji Kruskal Wallis dan uji Post Hoc.
Hasil : Hasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak ethanol biji buah pinang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus, yaitu konsentrasi 20% dengan diameter 13,63mm, konsentrasi 30% dengan diameter 15mm, konsentrasi 40% dengan diameter 15,5mm, konsentrasi 50% dengan diameter 14,7mm. Terdapat pengaruh Areca catechu. L dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.
Kesimpulan : Ekstrak ethanol biji buah pinang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Konsentrasi ekstrak biji buah pinang 40% merupakan konsentrasi optimum dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus.
Kata Kunci : Staphylococcus aureus, Areca catechu. L, Uji Sensitifitas
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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