48 research outputs found
Sinkhole Risk-Based Sensor Placement for Leakage Localization in Water Distribution Networks with a Data-Driven Approach
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Sinkhole Risk-Based Sensor Placement for Leakage Localization in Water Distribution Networks with a Data-Driven Approach
by Gabriele MedioORCID,Giada VarraORCID,Çağrı Alperen İnanORCID,Luca Cozzolino *ORCID andRenata Della MorteORCID
Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2024, 16(12), 5246; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125246 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 May 2024 / Revised: 15 June 2024 / Accepted: 18 June 2024 / Published: 20 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Flood Resilience Integrating AI and Hydraulic and Horologic Modeling)
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Abstract
Leakages from damaged or deteriorated buried pipes in urban water distribution networks may cause significant socio-economic and environmental impacts, such as depletion of water resources and sinkhole events. Sinkholes are often caused by internal erosion and fluidization of the soil surrounding leaking pipes, with the formation of soil cavities that may eventually collapse. This in turn causes road disruption and building foundation damage, with possible victims. While the loss of precious water resources is a well-known problem, less attention has been paid to anthropogenic sinkhole events generated by leakages in water distribution systems. With a view to improving urban smart resilience and sustainability of urban areas, this study introduces an innovative framework to localize leakages based on a Machine learning model (for the training and evaluation of candidate sets of pressure sensors) and a Genetic algorithm (for the optimal sensor set positioning) with the goal of detecting and mitigating potential hydrogeological urban disruption due to water leakage in the most sensitive/critical locations. The application of the methodology on a synthetic case study from literature and a real-world case scenario shows that the methodology also contributes to reducing the depletion of water resources
Phylogenetic analysis and biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi against Tropinota (=Epicometis) hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) and the apple scab disease Ventura inaequalis
Get PDFBackground: Entomopathogenic fungi have long been used as a biopeptide in the biological control of insect pests in agriculture, forestry and veterinary. At the same time, it is known that these fungi have positive effects on plant growth, health, and the antagonist effect against various plant pathogens. Entomopathogenic fungal isolation was performed from soil samples collected from apple orchards and Tropinota (=Epicometis) hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) adults which is an important pest of fruit trees. The isolated fungi were identified at the species level by phylogenetic analysis based on multi-locus sequence approach using various gene sequences (ITS, rpb1, bloc, EF1-α and β-tubulin). The fungi obtained were tested against T. hirta and the apple scab disease, Ventura inaequalis under laboratory conditions. Results: Three (Bz isolates) and 15 (AK isolates) entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) were isolated from T. hirta adults and 48 soil samples, respectively. The isolated fungi were identified as Beauveria bassiana (Bz-1, Bz-2, AK-10, AK-14, AK-17, and AK-18), Metarhizium robertsii (Bz-3, AK-4, AK-5, AK-6, AK-7, AK-8, AK-9, AK-11, AK-13, AK-15, and AK-16) and Metarhizium sp. (AK-12). All isolated fungi were tested against T. hirta adults, causing the same mortality but different mycosis values. In addition, the antagonistic effects of fungal isolates against V. inaequalis, the important apple pathogen, were determined and the highest effect was obtained from B. bassiana AK-10 with 69.3%. Conclusion: This is the first study to determine the effectiveness of EPF against T. hirta and V. inaequalis, and the results obtained are thought to be useful for the biological control of both pests. © 2023, The Author(s)
Evaluating Microsoft Bing with ChatGPT-4 for the assessment of abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance images
No full textPURPOSE To evaluate the performance of Microsoft Bing with ChatGPT-4 technology in analyzing abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI). METHODS A comparative and descriptive analysis was conducted using the institutional picture archiving and communication systems. A total of 80 abdominal images (44 CT, 36 MRI) that showed various entities affecting the abdominal structures were included. Microsoft Bing’s interpretations were compared with the impressions of radiologists in terms of recognition of the imaging modality, identification of the imaging planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal), sequences (in the case of MRI), contrast media administration, correct identification of the anatomical region depicted in the image, and detection of abnormalities. RESULTS Microsoft Bing detected that the images were CT scans with 95.4% accuracy (42/44) and that the images were MRI scans with 86.1% accuracy (31/36). However, it failed to detect one CT image (2.3%) and misidentified another CT image as an MRI (2.3%). On the other hand, it also misidentified four MRI as CT images (11.1%) and one as an X-ray (2.7%). Bing achieved an 83.75% success rate in correctly identifying abdominal regions, with 90% accuracy for CT scans (40/44) and 77.7% for MRI scans (28/36). Concerning the identification of imaging planes, Bing achieved a success rate of 95.4% for CT images and 83.3% for MRI. Regarding the identification of MRI sequences (T1-weighted and T2-weighted), the success rate was 68.75%. In the identification of the use of contrast media for CT scans, the success rate was 64.2%. Bing detected abnormalities in 35% of the images but achieved a correct interpretation rate of 10.7% for the definite diagnosis. CONCLUSION While Microsoft Bing, leveraging ChatGPT-4 technology, demonstrates proficiency in basic task identification on abdominal CT and MRI, its inability to reliably interpret abnormalities highlights the need for continued refinement to enhance its clinical applicability. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The contribution of large language models (LLMs) to the diagnostic process in radiology is still being explored. However, with a comprehensive understanding of their capabilities and limitations, LLMs can significantly support radiologists during diagnosis and improve the overall efficiency of abdominal radiology practices. Acknowledging the limitations of current studies related to ChatGPT in this field, our work provides a foundation for future clinical research, paving the way for more integrated and effective diagnostic tools. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
The analyses in the formel, contextuel and culturell aspects and their reflections to language education of the translated novel called "In Mekka" written by Karl May / Franz Kandolf
No full textYaşantımızın her alanında önemli ve vazgeçilmez bir yere sahip olan çeviri, dünyaya açılan bir kapı, bireyleri, toplumları ve uygarlıkları birbirine yaklaştıran, aralarında diyalog ve iletişim kuran, birbirlerini anlamaya ve tanımaya yardımcı olan, sadece bugünlerle sınırlı değil, geçmişten günümüze de uzanan kültürler arası bir köprüdür. Amacım Franz Kandolf'un yaklaşık bir asır önce, yazar Karl May'ın üslubuna uygun olarak kaleme aldığı "In Mekka" adlı Almanca eserin, günümüze Çiğdem Canan Dikmen tarafından Türkçeye nasıl aktarıldığını çeşitli dilsel boyutlarının yanı sıra, oryantalizm yönüyle de ortaya çıkarmaktır. Böylece, hem bu tür yapıtların üzerine dikkat çekmeyi, hem de çeviri araştırmalarına ve yabancı dil öğretimine mütevazi bir katkıda bulunmayı hedefledim. Bu araştırmada, başta Koller'in gerçek (dinamik) çeviri eleştirisi yaklaşımı olmak üzere, muhtelif çeviri ve eleştiri kuramlarından, ayrıca nesnel ve öznel birikimlerden de yararlanmak suretiyle bir çalışma gerçekleştirildi. Bu çerçevede, yazın çevirisi ve sorunları ele alındıktan sonra, kaynak metnin yazarı, yapıtı ve çağı hakkında bilgiler verildi, yazar ve eserinin oryantalizmle bağlantısı gösterilmeye çalışıldı. Kaynak ve hedef dil metinlerinin karşılaştırılmasının ardından analiz edilen çeviri metninin değerlendirilmesi yapıldı. Ayrıca, kaynak ve erek metinlerden, yabancı dil öğretimine özgün katkı sağlayacağı düşünülen bazı kesitler seçilerek önerildi.Translation which has an important and indispensable place in our life is a gateway to the world, a bridge that makes people and civilizations closer and establishes dialogue and communication between them, helps people to understand and recognize each other and not restricted to present but extending from past to present.My aim is to reveal how the work "In Mekka"; which was written about a one century ago in German by Franz Kandolf, in accordance with the language of the author Karl May, later translated into Turkish by Çiğdem Canan Dikmen, from the aspects of orientalism as well as various linguistic sides. So I targeted both to call attention to these kinds of works and to contribute to the translation researches and foreign language teaching modestly. In this research, besides the Koller's real (dynamic) translation criticism approach, a study was executed getting help from various translation and criticism theories as well as objective and subjective aggregations. In this context, after discussing the translation and its problems, information about the author of the source text, his work and information about the era of the work was given and the connection between the writer and his work with the orientalism was tried to be shown. After compering the source and target language texts, evaluation of the analyzed translation was completed. Moreover, some sections of the source and target texts that are considered to give authentic contribution to the teaching of foreign language were recognized and suggested
Radiologic and pathologic correlation of a renal venous hemangioma
No full textRenal hemangiomas, including the rare subtype of venous hemangioma, are typically non-cancerous, often asymptomatic, and usually discovered incidentally during imaging studies. Here, we report a unique case of a 59-year-old African-American female with a renal venous hemangioma that initially mimicked papillary-type renal cell carcinoma (RCC-pt) on imaging studies. The patient's presentation included a long history of rectal bleeding and an incidental discovery of a hypoattenuating mass in the left kidney during a contrast-enhanced CT scan. Renal MRI revealed a 3.5 cm left renal lower pole mass, presenting as heterogeneously hyperintense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images, with gradual mild enhancement post-contrast. Subsequent total nephrectomy confirmed the histopathological diagnosis of a venous hemangioma. This case underlines the need for recognizing unique imaging features of renal venous hemangiomas, contributing to the differential diagnosis of T2 dark hypoenhancing renal masses. Correct interpretation may prevent unnecessary invasive procedures and operations, thereby improving patient management and outcomes
Successful treatment of a basilar artery fenestration aneurysm using a kissing flow diverter stent
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MicroRNAs and cardiac fibrosis: A comprehensive update on mechanisms and consequences
No full textFibrosis is a pathological wound-healing mechanism that results by the overactivation of fibroblasts. Fibrosis can become obstructive and deleterious during regeneration of various body tissues including cardiac muscle. This ultimately results in the development of cardiac fibrosis, characterized by an excessive buildup of extracellular matrix proteins. Thus, it could lead to arrhythmias and heart failure which creates a leading public health burden worldwide. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with great potential for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Mounting evidence indicates that miRNAs are involved in the deregulation of tissue homeostasis during myocardial fibrosis. For instance, miRNAs that are implicated in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway have been reported to be significantly altered in myocardial fibrosis. Accordingly, in this comprehensive review, we discuss and highlight recent available data on the role of miRNAs during myocardial fibrosis, providing valuable insights into the miRNA modulation of cardiac fibrosis and miRNAs targets that can be used in the future therapeutic interventions to cardiac fibrosis. © 2023 Elsevier Gmb
