1,721,021 research outputs found
Finite-Time Landauer Principle
No full textWe study the thermodynamic cost associated with the erasure of one bit of information over a finite amount of time. We present a general framework for minimizing the average work required when full control of a system's microstates is possible. In addition to exact numerical results, we find simple bounds proportional to the variance of the microscopic distribution associated with the state of the bit. In the short-time limit, we get a closed expression for the minimum average amount of work needed to erase a bit. The average work associated with the optimal protocol can be up to a factor of 4 smaller relative to protocols constrained to end in local equilibrium. Assessing prior experimental and numerical results based on heuristic protocols, we find that our bounds often dissipate an order of magnitude less energy.Foundational Questions Institute FQXi-RFP-2019-IAF
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canad
Automatic Detection of Migrating Motor Complexes using Neural Networks on Magnetic Recordings of Gastric Activity
No full textHenry VI of Hohenstaufen and Constance of Sicily’s marriage and coronation: : Politics, ritual, and the social tensions in Milan at the end of the twelfth century.
No full textThe contribution starts from the reconstruction of the Italian geopolitical scenario and of the events related to the marriage of Henry VI († 1197) and Constance of Hauteville († 1198) as well as to the contextual coronation that took place at Sant'Ambrogio in Milan. In particular, it is interesting to underline how the latter event can be traced back to the Milanese liturgical tradition of royal coronations, as well as to the so-called "Architriclinus Feast". Through the observation of these events and their symbolic significance, the social-political balance in Milan during a time of change in relation to the two highest authorities can be considered this way: while on the one hand Pope Urban III (1185-1187) clearly distanced himself from this initiative, on the other hand the former rival of the empire had just inaugurated a period of strong cooperation with the Staufen court. The presence of the sovereign in a metropolis as Milan almost acted as a litmus test to highlight the tensions between the various social and ecclesiastical parts of the city, which was, moreover, closely interconnected. The privileged vantage point from which to observe these phenomena are the two religious communities that officiated in the basilica of Saint Ambrose, namely the canons and the monks. Although in the 80s of the twelfth century Milan generally appeared to be in close collaboration with the policies of Frederick I and Henry VI, it is possible to glimpse some frictions that will have more marked consequences in the following decades. In this perspective, one can also understand the role, theoretically super partes, of the first foreign podestà attested in Milan in 1186: Uberto Vicecomes of Piacenza
Status and perspectives of Postgraduate Medical Education in the European Union
No full textGoals for the delivery and evaluation of postgraduate medical education is based on the primary goal of medical education: to prepare physicians to improve the health and health care of the general public through the education of physicians. These principles are based on the importance to creating the “ideal” postgraduate medical education system. Post graduate trainees play a valuable and active role in improving the system both from a learner- and patient-centered perspective. As with many things in life, medical education is not static. However, to change a consolidated approach to teaching and learning is not easy, and typically part of ourselves and our personal past experiences as trainees and trainers it must be left behind. It is important that loyalty to the past does not cloud our minds or prevent us from sharing in the joy and satisfaction with what will be possible in the years ahead, if we allow it to happen. The Report will address the current status and changes in education and training system for health professionals needed to support the modernization process of health care in Europ
Child Health Inequalities. Can we Make a Difference?
No full textPaediatrics in Europe is characterised by the diversity, variety and heterogeneity of health care offered in the 53 European countries with more than 200 million children aged less than 18 years and with more than 200.000 paediatricians. There is currently no European wide “bank” of data to enable comparative studies of service outcomes to encourage health service research relating to infants, children and young people.
The aim of our presentation is to improve international cooperation
in child health care in all European countries in order to
improve future services. Understanding how and why services
work, relating structure and process to experience and outcomes
is essential at a time of economic recession
Thirty-six years of the European Paediatric Association-Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA-UNEPSA).
No full textManaging the health care of infants, children, and adolescents in Europe requires balancing clinical aims, research findings, and socioeconomic goals within an international environment characterized by cultural and economic complexity and large disparity in availability, affordability, and accessibility of pediatric care. This report explores how EPA-UNEPSA has gone through evolutionary periods as well as the formulation of clinical aims. This is the first of several reports examining the highlights of EPA and EUROPAEDIATRICS, including the research activities according to each stage of development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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