1,720,957 research outputs found
Hubungan Aiag Score dengan Besar Varises Esofagus Secara Endoskopi pada Penderita Sirosis Hati
No full textBackground: The majority of patients with liver cirrhosis will develop esophageal varices in the course of their illness. Endoscopic screening of esophageal varices is recommended to prevent variceal bleeding. This endoscopic screening is generally require relatively high cost. Some of non-invasive examination to predict liver fibrosis has been investigated by several researchers. The AIAG Score is a simple marker which could predict the presence of liver fibrosis with a good degree of accuracy and have been demonstrated in several studies. Liver fibrosis will lead to portal hypertension which eventually lead to the occurence of esophageal varices. Based on this concept, a non-invasive examination of liver fibrosis can be used as predictor of esophageal varices. Objective: To assess the association of a non-invasive marker AIAG Score with the size of esophageal varices endoscopically in liver cirrhosis patients. Methods: A cross sectional study had been conducted among 80 liver cirrhosis patients (60 males and 20 females) that were admitted to H. Adam Malik hospital from June 2014 to June 2015. Diagnosis of liver chirrosis was made based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasound, and esophageal varices by endoscopy. AIAG Score was calculated for all patients, with statistical analysis using Mann Whitney test. Results: Among 80 patients with esophageal varices, 50% caused by HBV infection. The majority of patients were Child Pugh C, while only 16% being Child Pugh A. Majority of the population had F1 esophageal varices (50%), followed by F2 (36.3%), and F3 (13.8%). AIAG Score in patients with a large varices was significantly higher than that in patients with small varices (0.99±0.005 vs 0.9±0.16; p0.944025 was highly predictive in diagnosed large esophageal varices with a sensitivity of 82.5%, specificity of 72.5%, positive predictive value of 75%, negative predictive value 80.6%. Conclusion: AIAG Score was significantly associated with the size of esophageal varices. AIAG Score is a good non-invasive marker of large esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients.Latar Belakang : Sebagian besar penderita sirosis hati akan mengalami varises esofagus dalam perjalanan penyakitnya. Skrining endoskopi varises esofagus pada penderita sirosis hati dianjurkan untuk mencegah terjadinya perdarahan varises. Skrining endoskopi ini umumnya membutuhkan biaya yang relatif mahal. Beberapa pemeriksaan non-invasive yang memprediksi adanya fibrosis hati pada penderita sirosis hati telah dikemukakan oleh beberapa peneliti. AIAG Score merupakan suatu marker sederhana yang dapat memprediksi fibrosis hati dengan tingkat akurasi yang baik dan telah dibuktikan pada beberapa penelitian. Fibrosis hati akan menyebabkan timbulnya hipertensi portal yang akhirnya akan menyebabkan terjadinya varises esofagus. Berdasarkan konsep ini maka pemeriksaan non-invasive untuk fibrosis hati dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor varises esofagus. Tujuan penelitian: Untuk menentukan hubungan AIAG Score sebagai noninvasive marker dengan besar varises esofagus secara endoskopi pada penderita sirosis hati. Metode penelitian: Dilakukan penelitian cross-sectional pada 80 penderita sirosis hati (60 pria dan 20 wanita) yang berobat ke RS Adam Malik dari bulan Juni 2014 sampai Juni 2015. Diagnosis sirosis hati berdasarkan klinis, biokimia dan USG, dan varises esofagus dengan endoskopi. AIAG Score dikalkulasikan pada seluruh penderita, dengan analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Di antara 80 penderita sirosis hati dengan varises esofagus, 50% disebabkan oleh infeksi virus Hepatitis B (HBV). Sebagian besar populasi penelitian memiliki klasifikasi Child-Pugh C dan hanya 16% memiliki Child Pugh A. Mayoritas populasi penelitian memiliki varises esofagus F1 (50%), F2 (36,3%), dan F3 (16%). Didapatkan hubungan bermakna AIAG Score dengan besar varises esofagus. AIAG Score pada varises besar secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada varises kecil (0.99±0.005 vs 0.9±0.16; p=0.000). Nilai cut-off AIAG Score >0,944025 dalam memprediksi adanya varises esofagus ukuran besar memiliki sensitivitas 82,5%, spesifisitas 72,5%, nilai prediksi positif 75%, nilai prediksi negatif 80,6%. Kesimpulan: AIAG Score berhubungan secara signifikan dengan besar varises esofagus. AIAG Score merupakan non-invasive marker yang baik untuk varises esofagus besar pada penderita sirosis hati.119 HalamanTesis Magiste
Colonoscopy, Biomarkers, and Targeted Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Full text linkThis review highlights the most versatile diagnostic test of colonoscopy for CRC. It remains the gold standard diagnostic tools for CRC, and to prevent CRC by screening and removing the polyp or premalignant lesions. This work also provides the most promising biomarkers, which highlights the application of the novel biomarkers in conjunction with clinical and pathologic features have allowed for more individualized approaches and targeted therapy to patients with CRC.CRC is the third most common cancer diagnosed, and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. With a population totaling 273,523,621 people, Indonesia has an estimated of 396,914 new cases of all cancers and 234,511 cancer-related deaths. Among those cancer cases, an estimated of 34,189 new CRC cases and 17,786 CRC deaths occurred in 2020. Most of CRC cases were located in the rectum compared to those in the distal colon or proximal colon. Clinical signs, symptoms and therapeutic approaches vary, depending on the stage and the location of CRC. Those cancer locations are different in terms of their associated molecular alterations.Biomarker tests of tumor tissue from colonoscopy biopsy can help doctors to select a specific CRC treatment, and the tests can be used to determine prognostic value, predictive factors and the targeted therapy. Targeted therapies are recommended for advanced or mCRC patients with KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutated or wild-type tumors, HER2-amplified tumors, and NTRK gene fusion-positive, while immunotherapy is only offered for tumor with MSI-High (dMMR) status. The biomarkers and targeting approaches against colorectal CSCs are being developed and will be quite challenging
Cancer Stem Cells and Molecular Biology Test in Colorectal Cancer: Therapeutic Implications
Full text linkColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent cancer in males, the second in females, and is the second leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Within Indonesia’s 250 million population, the incidence rates for CRC per 100,000 population were 15.2 for males and 10.2 for females, and estimated 63,500 cases per year. More than 50% of colorectal cancer patients will develop metastasis. CRC is still the main cause of tumor-related death, and although most CRC patients are treated with surgery to remove the tumor tissue, some of the CRC patients recurred. Chemotherapy used as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy also has several problems, in which these treatments are useless in tumor cells with chemo-resistance. Molecular testing of CRC from tumor tissues has important implications for the selection of treatment. Biomarkers can be used as prognostic value, molecular predictive factors, and targeted therapy. Recent research reported that, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the origin of tumorigenesis, development, metastasis and recurrence. At present, it has been shown that CSCs existed in many tumors including CRC. This review aims to summarize the issue on CSCs, and the future development of drugs that target colorectal cancer stem cells
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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