1,720,958 research outputs found
Le rôle du capital social en matière d’octroi de crédits bancaires aux PME : Une étude à partir de l’expérience camerounaise
No full textPerçu comme une des contraintes majeures au développement et à la croissance, l’accès au crédit bancaire demeure une question d’actualité dans la formulation des politiques de promotion et d’encadrement de la PME. En effet, non seulement la PME est souvent caractérisée par une certaine nébulosité dans sa gestion, mais elle est aussi parfois incapable de présenter des éléments de garantie exigés par les banques. Le capital social est de plus en plus évoqué comme un instrument à même de réduire les coûts de transaction des banques dans la surveillance de leurs clients et, par conséquent, devrait amoindrir les désavantages de l’asymétrie d’information. Ainsi, en se situant dans un environnement caractérisé par de fortes asymétries d’information à l’instar de l’Afrique, cette étude examine l’aptitude du capital social à faciliter l’accès au crédit bancaire de la PME camerounaise. Les tests empiriques effectués à partir du modèle Logit multinomial sur la base d’un échantillon de 413 PME, font ressortir un effet positif et significatif de l’indice du capital social sur l’octroi du crédit bancaire, quel que soit le terme. Globalement, l’aptitude du capital social à faciliter l’accès au crédit bancaire passe par la réduction du degré d’opacité de la PME aux yeux du banquier.Perceived as one of the main constraints to growth and development, access to credit remains an up to date issue in the design of policies aiming at the promotion and framing of SMEs. Often, SMEs are not only characterized by a flaw management process, sometimes they are incapable to provide-elements of collaterals fitting the requirements of banks. Social capital is more and more referred to as an instrument likely to reduce the transaction costs of banks in their monitoring process over their clients and, consequently it is seen as having a high potential of lessening the disadvantages associated to informational asymmetries. Therefore, building on a context of high information asymmetries, this study examines the aptitude of social capital to facilitate access to banking credit for Cameroonian SMEs. Based on a sample of 413 SMEs, a multinomial Logit model confirms a positive and significant effect of the index of social capital in the explanation of access to credit, irrespective of the term of the credit. Globally, the aptitude of social capital to ease the constraint of access to credit passes through the fact that, for the bankers, it serves as a factor that reduces the degree of opacity in the management of SMEs.Percibida como una de las mayores coacciones al desarrollo y al crecimiento, el acceso al crédito bancario queda un asunto de actualidad en la formulación de las políticas de promoción y de encuadramiento de la pequeña y de media empresa (PyME). En efecto, no sólo la PyME es a menudo caracterizada por una cierta nebulosidad en su gestión, pero a veces es también incapaz presentar elementos de garantía exigidos por las bancas. El capital social es cada vez más presentado como un instrumento capaz de disminuir los costes de transacción de las bancas en la vigilancia de sus clientes y, por consiguiente, debería aminorar las desventajas situándose en un entorno caracterizado por fuertes asimetrías de información a ejemplo de África, este estudio examina la aptitud del capital social en facilitar el acceso al crédito bancario de la pequeña y de media empresa camerunesa. Las pruebas empíricas realizadas a partir del modelo Logit multinomial en la base de una muestra de 413 PyME, se destacan un efecto positivo y significativo del índice del capital social en el acceso al crédito bancario cual que sea el término. Globalmente, la aptitud del capital social en facilitar el acceso al crédito bancario pasa por la reducción del grado de opacidad de la PyME a la mirada del banquero
PROCEDURES DE PROGRAMMATION BUDGETAIRE DES SERVICES FINANCIERS DU MINISTERE DE LA DEFENSE NATIONALE ET DES ANCIENS COMBATTANTS EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO
Full text linkSummary
The procedures aim to ensure that funds allocated to the FARDC are used optimally, in accordance with spending priorities and legal obligations, while ensuring rigorous control to prevent corruption and abuse. Using an analytical and systemic approach, we found that budget planning procedures enable the organization to achieve effective results with available resources.
Keywords: Procedures, budget planning, finance, results-based management, effectiveness, efficiency.
Résumé
Les procédures visent à garantir que les fonds alloués aux FARDC soient utilisées de manière optimale conformément aux priorités des dépenses et aux obligations légales tout en assurant un contrôle rigoureux pour prévenir et la corruption et les abus. Par la méthode analytique et systémique, avons trouvés que les procédures de programmation budgétaires permettent à l’organisation d’avoir les résultats efficaces avec les moyens disponibles.The procedures aim to ensure that funds allocated to the FARDC are used optimally, in accordance with spending priorities and legal obligations, while ensuring rigorous control to prevent corruption and abuse. Using an analytical and systemic approach, we found that budget planning procedures enable the organization to achieve effective results with available resources.
Keywords: Procedures, budget planning, finance, results-based management, effectiveness, efficiency.
Résumé
Les procédures visent à garantir que les fonds alloués aux FARDC soient utilisées de manière optimale conformément aux priorités des dépenses et aux obligations légales tout en assurant un contrôle rigoureux pour prévenir et la corruption et les abus. Par la méthode analytique et systémique, avons trouvés que les procédures de programmation budgétaires permettent à l’organisation d’avoir les résultats efficaces avec les moyens disponibles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
L'IMPACT MULTIDIMENSIONNEL DE LA RÉFORME LMD EN RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO : UNE ÉVALUATION PAR MÉTHODES MIXTES / THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPACT OF THE BACHELOR–MASTER–DOCTORATE (LMD) REFORM IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: A MIXED-METHODS EVALUATION
No full textContexte : La réforme Licence-Master-Doctorat (LMD) est la transformation la plus significative de l’enseignement supérieur en République Démocratique du Congo, visant l’harmonisation internationale et l’amélioration de l’employabilité des diplômés. Cet article propose la première évaluation empirique et multidimensionnelle de son impact, comblant une lacune critique dans une littérature jusqu'ici qualitative. Méthodologie : Une approche par méthodes mixtes analyse les données d'enquête de 475 établissements, des indicateurs macroéconomiques nationaux et le discours médiatique. Un arsenal de techniques statistiques avancées est mobilisé, incluant l’Analyse en Composantes Principales, l’analyse de réseau et, de manière cruciale, l’analyse de médiation pour tester le mécanisme causal de la réforme. Résultats : La réforme exerce un impact économique positif, significativement corrélé à l’emploi des diplômés (r=0,48). Notre apport théorique majeur est la démonstration, via l'analyse de médiation, que 57,9% de cet effet est canalisé par l’amélioration perçue de la qualité de l’éducation, validant ainsi l’hypothèse centrale de la réforme. L’analyse de réseau révèle que les étudiants et professeurs sont les acteurs fonctionnellement les plus centraux (intermédiarité de 0,142 et 0,156), soulignant un décalage avec la gouvernance formelle. Bien que des progrès infrastructurels soient notables, de fortes disparités territoriales et sectorielles (public/privé) persistent, faisant du renforcement de la qualité et de l'intégration des acteurs de terrain les clés du succès durable de la réforme.Context: The Licence-Master-Doctorat (LMD) reform is the most significant transformation of higher education in the Democratic Republic of Congo, aiming for international harmonization and enhanced graduate employability. This article provides its first empirical, multidimensional impact evaluation, filling a critical gap in the predominantly qualitative existing literature. Methodology: A mixed-quantitative methods approach analyzes survey data from 475 institutions, national macroeconomic indicators, and media discourse. An arsenal of advanced statistical techniques is employed, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), network analysis, and, crucially, mediation analysis to test the reform's core causal mechanism. Results: The reform has a positive economic impact, significantly correlated with graduate employment (r=0.48). Our main theoretical contribution is demonstrating through mediation analysis that 57.9% of this effect is channeled through perceived improvements in educational quality, thus empirically validating the reform's central hypothesis. Network analysis reveals that students and professors are the most central functional actors (betweenness of 0.142 and 0.156), highlighting a disconnect with formal governance. While infrastructural progress is notable, stark territorial and sectoral (public/private) disparities persist, making the reinforcement of quality and the integration of frontline actors the keys to the reform's sustainable success. Article visualizations
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