19 research outputs found
Romanticism and revolution : a reader/ Edit.: Jon Mee; (David Fallon)
No full textxii, 201 hal.; 25 cm
Romanticism and revolution : a reader/ Edit.: Jon Mee; (David Fallon)
No full textxii, 201 hal.; 25 cm
Faith, feeling and gender in the writing of Hartley, Wollstonecraft and Blake
Get PDFThis thesis examines David Hartley’s Observations on Man (1749) and elucidates how Hartley’s mechanical approach to mind, his conception of emotion, and the religious status he awards the body were newly relevant after 1791. In this way it identifies a ‘Hartlean culture’ within the Romantic period and seeks to explore how such an intellectual climate influenced the radical writers William Blake (1757–1827) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797). Blake and Wollstonecraft were acquainted with the famous bookseller Joseph Johnson, who republished Observations on Man in various forms and versions between 1775 and 1801. They also had an association with Johnson’s circle; the Hartlean concepts found throughout their work evidence Hartley’s latent popularity within intellectual culture, as well as the writers’ engagement with contemporary philosophical ideas. I propose that the renewed curiosity in Hartley during the 1790s reveals a specific religious and revolutionary culture wherein non-conformist views about Christianity and new ideas about the body, emotion and women flourished. Such a cultural moment renders Hartley a particularly important figure for debate since he integrated progressive values about equality and faith alongside advancing understanding of anatomy and mind. Hartley identified how God and happiness could be found physically within each person. He did this by combining a complex theory of vibrations and theory of association, where the body and mind functioned mechanically through a person’s feelings of pleasure and pain. These feelings manifested as physical vibrations and eventually led every person to desire goodness until finally, they can become ‘Godlike’ themselves. Hartley’s amalgamation of Christian and new theoretical concepts appealed to Blake and Wollstonecraft, and was much unlike the approach of Joseph Priestley who abridged Observations in 1775 to promote a wholly ‘scientific’ text. In this way, we can see resonances between Hartley, Blake and Wollstonecraft, even if they existed in different cultural contexts. In rethinking Blake and Wollstonecraft through Hartley, I offer new insights into their feminism. In particular I attend to how Hartlean culture enabled these writers to re-imagine gender and emotion: Wollstonecraft reinstates the female experience back into Hartlean concepts in order to promote women’s emotional potential and what she understands as the special power of the female-female bond. Blake responds to both Wollstonecraft and Hartley with his elevation of the feminine, one that envisions new potential for both sexes, emotionally and spiritually. In both cases, the writers share a fascination for the image of the female saviour, and they use terminology and concepts found in Hartley’s work to communicate their views. In being attentive to the shared vocabulary and ideas of these three writers’ works, this thesis highlights the importance of David Hartley and Hartlean culture for the field of Romantic Studies. It also illuminates Observations on Man as a vital contribution to the intellectual context of the 1790s
Persistence of pelvic spine polymorphism in a panmictic population of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) in Alberta, Canada
Get PDFIn the stickleback family (Gasterosteidae), divergence in pelvic morphology is typically associated with reproductive isolation and ecological niche specialization. In this study, we assessed whether reproductive isolation may be involved in the persistence of within-lake polymorphism in brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans (Kirtland, 1840)). We studied populations of brook stickleback in central Alberta, Canada, that are polymorphic for pelvic reduction (i.e., presence–absence of pelvic spines). We investigated the persistence of the pelvic polymorphisms over 40 generations in five lakes. We found that, of the five populations examined, the frequencies of pelvic phenotypes have remained unchanged in three populations, the polymorphism has persisted with significantly changed frequencies of pelvic phenotypes in one population, and the polymorphism has been lost in one population. Using 10 microsatellite loci, we observed low genetic divergence between individuals with and without pelvic spines in one lake, suggesting a lack of assortative mating among individuals with divergent pelvic phenotypes. This observation suggests that the pelvic polymorphism in brook stickleback persists due to balancing selection in the absence of reproductive isolation, although the selective forces were not evaluated. The significant changes in phenotypic frequencies in two populations are likely associated with environmental disturbances such as species introductions.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
The Extent of Hybridization Between Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) and Brook Trout (S. fontinalis) across Alberta’s Eastern Slopes
Get PDFUnderstanding the extent of hybridization with non-native species is important for the conservation of native species. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a charr native to Alberta, face population declines across their range and one risk may include hybridization with introduced brook trout (S. fontinalis). The extent of hybridization throughout Alberta, however, is not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to quantify bull x brook trout hybridization in three ways: 1. observed hybrid presence across Alberta, 2. post-F1 hybrid proportion, and 3. hybrid proportion relative to brook trout in well-sampled watersheds. Using two sets of diagnostic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (1,174 bull trout loci and 1,499 brook trout loci), we identified 35 F1 and 7 post-F1 hybrids (n = 42) across 10 Hydrologic Unit Code 8 watersheds. Results show hybridization throughout bull trout’s range, however, provides little evidence of extensive introgression. Misidentification was low (2.1%), though 20 of 42 hybrids were misidentified, suggesting a higher misidentification rate (47.6%). This work improves understanding of hybridization on at-risk bull trout and informs management decisions, such as limiting brook trout where possible.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
The Christian Right and US Foreign Policy in the Twenty-first Century
Get PDFThe thesis discusses the role of the Christian Right in the US foreign policy decision making process. The research revealed that the Christian Right has long been fascinated with some international issues in general and US foreign policy in particular. The Christian Right’s interest in international issues increased markedly during years of the George W. Bush presidency. It successfully widened its activities from domestic social conservative issues to foreign policy issues by participating in, articulating and lobbying for its religious version of American foreign policy. In assessing the role of the Christian Right in US foreign policy making, this dissertation examines three aspects of US foreign policy, namely Israel, international religious freedom and global humanitarianism. Based on these aspects, the Christian Right is seen as skilled in framing and defining issues. The Christian Right seems effective in selecting and prioritizing international issues that have a reasonable chance of being selected by foreign policy decision makers, especially in Congress. Moreover, the Christian Right has shown its maturity in seeking engagement and cooperation with other organizations, secular and religious, in order to advance its international goals. Finally, in pursuing and conveying its international agenda, the Christian Right has adopted a more moderate and less overtly religious approach. Instead of using its traditional religious rhetoric, the Christian Right has successfully projected its foreign policy preferences into the conventional realist discourse of American foreign policy that is largely based on the objective of national interest and national security. Nevertheless, this study does not, in any way, conclude that the Christian Right was able to influence or determine the direction of US foreign policy and its outcomes; however, it does suggest that the Christian Right did contribute and have an impact on the formulation of some US foreign policy. As such, the research contends that the role of the Christian Right is similar to other interest group lobbies and that its perceived influence on US foreign policy should not be exaggerated. Finally, the research suggests that the emergence of the Christian Right as an actor in asserting its global agenda through US foreign policy can possibly provide an example of how religious beliefs and values can become a potential source of “soft power”. Together with the “climate of opinion” of the American public during the Bush administration, the “soft power” at domestic level could serve as a valuable new explanatory variable in understanding how the US foreign policy was formulated in the early 21st century
Book review: A.A. Markely and Miriam L. Wallace (eds.), Re-Viewing Thomas Holcroft, 1745–1809: Essays on His Works and Life
No full textThomas Holcroft achieved considerable fame from around 1780, when he published his first novel, Alwn, or the Gentleman Comedian, until well into the nineteenth century as his novels, translations, poems, and plays continued to find audiences. William Godwin named him one of his ‘four principal oral instructors’ (p. 3). Byron claimed that Holcroft’s ‘strength and endurance … is worth more than all the talent in the world’. Holcroft was also famous for his radical politics and was indicted for High Treason in 1794. His life, of which William Hazlitt said ‘few lives have been marked with more striking changes’, started in poverty. Born in 1745, Holcroft’s Memoirs detail that his father was a shoemaker and his mother a dealer in ‘greens and oysters’. His earliest memories are tinged with violence—a window shutter cutting off half of his sister’s thumb, and his father whipping him for crying because he did not want to go to school. Ever an autodidact with a notion of himself as a ‘citizen of the world’, Holcroft went on to become a teacher, journalist, poet, radical politician, political philosopher, autobiographer, felon, novelist, and, most successfully, a dramatist.
This collection of 12 essays does much to evaluate the largeness of Holcroft, and is broad, searching, interesting, and accessible. The editors, A. A. Markley, who is known for editions of Holcroft, Mary Shelley and Charlotte Smith, as well as the monograph Conversion and Reform in the British Novel in the 1790s: A Revolution of Opinions (2009), and Miriam L. Wallace, author of Revolutionary Subjects in the English “Jacobin” Novel, 1790–1805 (2009) and editor of Amelia Opie and Mary Hay, have done well to gather and unite these disparate and fascinating essays, which contain surprisingly little repetition or overlap. They argue that Holcroft is ‘a bridge figure between laboring Britons and the dissenting intelligentsia’ (p. 2), and state that he has been critically sidelined compared to his contemporaries Godwin, Paine, Price and Wollstonecraft. Organized into four sections: ‘Becoming a Man of Letters’; ‘Reform on the Stage’; Reform in the Novel’; and ‘Re-Viewing the Life’, this book places Holcroft in the centre of 1790s cultures. It complements work by critics such as Rodney Baine, Katharine Binhammer, John Barrell, Elbridge Colby, David Fairer, Bridget Keegan, Gary Kelly, Jon Mee, Jonathan Rose, Joseph Rosenblum, Janet Todd and Duncan Wu
Tradução comentada de a Sentimental Journey de Laurence Sterne
Get PDFTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.Este trabalho parte da tradução de A Sentimental Journey, de Laurence Sterne, para fazer um exame de questões ligadas à narrativa quando confrontadas com a necessidade da tradução. Para tal, serão consideradas a oscilação entre o sentimental e o humor e a fronteira sutil que os separa ao longo do romance, a ironia, a paródia, bem como as estratégias adotadas na tradução proposta e em outras já publicadas no Brasil This study will look at the translation of Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey and examine certain translational issues arising from the narrative. These include the oscillation between sentimental and humorous elements and the fine line that separates them throughout the novel, use of irony, parody, and also translational strategies adopted by the author, and by others in previous translations of the work in Brazil
Women's life writing 1760-1830 : spiritual selves, sexual characters, and revolutionary subjects
No full textPhDThis thesis uses print and manuscript sources to analyse and interpret women's life
writing at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. I
explore printed works by Catharine Phillips, Mary Dudley, Priscilla Hannah Gurney,
Ann Freeman, Elizabeth Steele, Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Mary
Wollstonecraft, Grace Dalrymple Elliott, and Charlotte West and discuss the
manuscripts of Mary Fletcher, Mary Tooth, Sarah Ryan, and Elizabeth Fox. Of these
sources, five have never been analysed in the critical literature and six have received
little attention. Considered as a group, this large corpus of texts offers new insights
into the personal and political implications of different models of female selfhood and
social being.
In chapter one, I compare the religious identities presented in the spiritual
autobiographies of Quakers and Methodists. For these women, religious identification
provides a powerful sense of social belonging and enables public participation.
However, it may also lead to a loss of self in the demand for religious conformity and
self-abnegation. In chapter two, I consider the life writing of late eighteenth-century
courtesans. These women adapt available models of femininity and female authorship
in order to establish themselves as socially connected subjects. However, their
narratives also reveal that dependence on the sexual and literary marketplace puts
female selfhood under pressure. In chapter three, I explore the eyewitness accounts of
British women in the French Revolution. I argue that, for these writers, connecting
personal identity to political history is an enabling source of self-definition but it also
exposes them to the risks of self-fragmentation.
In my focus on the social function of women's life writing, I present an alternative to
the traditional alignment of the eighteenth-century autobiographical subject with the
autonomous self of individualism. These narratives allow us to reconsider the
productive and problematic dialectic between personal expression and representative
selfhood, self-authorship and collective narratives, and individualism and social
being. They suggest that women's life writing has the potential to be both the self-expression
of a unique heroine and the self-inscription of a politicised subject
Job’s Gethsemane: tradition and imagination in William Blake’s illustrations for the book of job
Get PDFBlake created two versions of his Illustrations of the Book of Job, and it is now agreed that about twenty years separates his first watercolour series and the final engraved set of plates. The first chapter is biographical and technical: it establishes that the Butts series of water-colours was the product of the tumultuous and creative years 1805-10, following a time wh6n Blake experienced a strong sense of vision and Christian regeneration; whereas the engraved set was produced 1821-1826, at the end of his life. It also reviews all Blake's treatments of the Job theme. The friends-turned-accusers seem to have been a central pre-occupation. Blake's illustrations contain important elements which are not found in the Old Testament text. I have followed Bo Lindberg's principle that explanation should be sought in the artistic tradition, and in the work itself The second chapter concentrates on the tradition available to Blake, following and supplementing Lindberg's examination of the influence of the apocryphal Testament of Job, and of the artistic tradition of seeing Job as alter Christus and as Christian. Chapters three to five, interpreting Blake's imaginative use of this material, are new both in focussing on the Butts set, and in exploring the importance to Blake of St.Teresa, Fenelon, Mme. Guyon, Hervey and other people of prayer. Also discussed are Joseph Hallett's radical biblical commentary, of which Blake owned a copy, variant proofs discovered by Robert Essick of the first and last engraved plates, and the thirteenth century Job wall- paintings discovered in 1800 in St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster. Blake's Job was unique in the corpus of his work. Previous studies have followed Wicksteed in concentrating on the engraved set, and no one has explored the implications of the earlier dating now agreed for the watercolour series. The thesis is essentially concerned with Blake's Christocentric theme, and Job's inner journey of prayer, in these illustrations. Conclusions drawn differ substantially from Wicksteed's
