1,720,976 research outputs found
Unlocking Potentials of Innovation Systems in Low Resource Settings [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThis study examined the dynamics, challenges and opportunities of developing innovation systems in low resource settings with a particular focus on Uganda. It applied perspectives of technoscience and concepts of innovation systems, triple helix as university-industry-government relationships, mode 2 knowledge production and situated knowledges in understanding the context, identifying key policy issues and suggesting ways to address them. A mixed methodology combining both quantitative and qualitative methods was used in the study. It involved review of key policy documents, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and meetings with scientists, business leaders in the target organizations and firms, community members as well as observations of production processes in firms. Findings underscore the need for greater interaction and learning among actors in the emerging innovation systems in Uganda and eastern Africa. An opportunity for this to happen may be the growing number of entrepreneurial initiatives at the university and some public research organizations in the country. These entrepreneurial initiatives are driven by scientists, who are enthusiastic about moving their research results and innovations to market. This makes it plausible, in low resource settings like in Uganda, to promote the university working closely with public research organizations and firms as a locus for research and innovation. However, enabling conditions, which foster interaction and learning among actors, should be put in place. First, there is need to formulate specific policies and strategies with clear goals and incentives to promote growth of particular innovation systems. Second, a clear national policy for financing research and innovation is needed, which involves on the one part core funding to universities and research organizations, and on the other, competitive grants for research and innovation. Third, business incubation services should be established and/or supported as places where entrepreneurial scientists and other persons develop and test their business ideas and models. Fourth, there is need for institutional reforms to make administrative processes less bureaucratic, more costeffective and efficient. These reforms are necessary for example in processes involving procurement and financial management, research project approvals (for ethics and safety), technology assessments, contracting and licensing and other registration services. The findings and conclusions from this study demonstrate that technoscientific perspectives and innovation systems approaches can be adapted and used as a framework for identifying and explaining conditions that promote or hamper innovation in low resource settings as well as policy options to address them.</p
Fostering Growth in Uganda's Innovation System
No full textResearch and innovation are key drivers for economic growth and competitiveness
of countries. Of recent research and innovation-related initiatives have arisen
in Uganda pointing to an evolving innovation system in the country and to the
need to deepen understanding of the transformations taking place therein. This
thesis provides evidence of this evolving innovation system in the country and
makes recommendations to foster growth in it. A participatory research approach
was employed using a combination of both qualitative and quantitative tools
including key informant interviews and review of key policy documents,
organizational reports and publications. Findings show that the role of
research and innovation in driving economic growth and development was
recognised in Uganda as early as the 1950s and 60s. But practical measures on
how to integrate them into the national development planning process were
lacking. It was not until the 1990s and 2000s that a realistic number of
research and innovation initiatives started to emerge. These initiatives ranged
from increased support to research, science policy development to supporting
innovative business clusters.
Arguably gains from these and other efforts would be enhanced, if government
adopts a dual funding strategy for research and innovation, which on the one
hand involves annual competitive grants and on the other hand increased core
support to universities and research institutes. The public organizations
create within them enabling conditions for creativity and enterprise
development. The quality of education is improved at all levels to maintain a
constant supply of a skilled scientific workforce. Ultimately, these efforts
require inclusive innovation policies, which promote linkages and interactions
between actors engaged in innovation processes both in country and abroad
Unlocking Potentials of Innovation Systems in Low Resource Settings
No full textThis study examined the dynamics, challenges and opportunities of developing
innovation systems in low resource settings with a particular focus on Uganda.
It applied perspectives of technoscience and concepts of innovation systems,
triple helix as university-industry-government relationships, mode 2 knowledge
production and situated knowledges in understanding the context, identifying
key policy issues and suggesting ways to address them. A mixed methodology
combining both quantitative and qualitative methods was used in the study. It
involved review of key policy documents, key informant interviews, focus group
discussions and meetings with scientists, business leaders in the target
organizations and firms, community members as well as observations of
production processes in firms. Findings underscore the need for greater
interaction and learning among actors in the emerging innovation systems in
Uganda and eastern Africa. An opportunity for this to happen may be the growing
number of entrepreneurial initiatives at the university and some public
research organizations in the country. These entrepreneurial initiatives are
driven by scientists, who are enthusiastic about moving their research results
and innovations to market. This makes it plausible, in low resource settings
like in Uganda, to promote the university working closely with public research
organizations and firms as a locus for research and innovation. However,
enabling conditions, which foster interaction and learning among actors, should
be put in place. First, there is need to formulate specific policies and
strategies with clear goals and incentives to promote growth of particular
innovation systems. Second, a clear national policy for financing research and
innovation is needed, which involves on the one part core funding to
universities and research organizations, and on the other, competitive grants
for research and innovation. Third, business incubation services should be
established and/or supported as places where entrepreneurial scientists and
other persons develop and test their business ideas and models. Fourth, there
is need for institutional reforms to make administrative processes less
bureaucratic, more costeffective and efficient. These reforms are necessary for
example in processes involving procurement and financial management, research
project approvals (for ethics and safety), technology assessments, contracting
and licensing and other registration services. The findings and conclusions
from this study demonstrate that technoscientific perspectives and innovation
systems approaches can be adapted and used as a framework for identifying and
explaining conditions that promote or hamper innovation in low resource
settings as well as policy options to address them
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Biotechnology Developments in Uganda and Associated Challenges
No full textBiotechnology is an important tool whose application Ugandan scientists are exploring in crop, fish and livestock improvement, value addition, waste management, and in medicine. However, the continuing growth of biotechnology or more broadly, biosciences as an enterprise in Uganda will depend on the support given to science and technology generally. To accelerate this growth, Government must ensure supportive science and technology structures such as: a national science funding facility for research and technology development; institutional governance systems which promote innovativeness, and high quality education at all levels to maintain a constant supply of a skilled bioscience workforce. Specific measures at institutional level could include: establishing more synergies between biotechnology programmes and strengthening interactions among the actors both locally and internationally; integrating biotechnology into institutional programmes and regulatory instruments; putting in place technology management policies and developing capacities for their implementation; encouraging private sector participation in commercialization of bioscience innovations, supporting spin-off bioscience-based companies through a national innovation and commercialization fund; and eliminating administrative bottlenecks in procurement and financial management through early and more coordinated planning. This paper gives highlights of biotechnology developments and the associated challenges in Uganda.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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