97 research outputs found
The Position of Ministers in Manshaat Salatin(moenodin parvaneh-shamsodin esfahani-salahodin ayobi)
No full textPosition of Ministers in Manshaat Salatin moenodin parvaneh-shamsodin esfahani-salahodin ayboubiManshaat Salatin is a work by an unknown author in the sixth and seventh centuries, written on the subject of the principles of governmental and bureaucratic correspondence (including: greetings, condolences, rites, ranks, government orders, spelling rules, exaggeration methods, etc.). Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article examines the letters of three ministers (Shams-ud-Din Isfahani, Moin-ud-Din Parvaneh and Salah-ud-Din Ayoubi) and explores the social, historical and cultural characteristics of that era. There has been no methodical or academic research on Manshaat Salatin.The results of the research show that Iranshahri ideas have been prominently highlighted in Manshaat Salatin. Through the letters, the authors have called on their audiences to be truthful, just, and reasonable, and in fact have developed an independent and documented code of conduct that has prevented the premature deviation and decline of the government.Keywords: Manshaat Salatin, Content-Based Stylistics, Court correspondence, Iranshahri Idea
Metabolic Profiling of Food Protective Cultures by <i>in vitro </i>NMR Spectroscopy
No full textFood spoilage is of major concern to the food industry, because it leads to considerableeconomic losses, a deteriorated environmental food-print, and to possible public healthhazards. In order to limit food spoilage, research on the preservation of food products hasalways received particular attention by the food industry. Traditionally, such efforts havemainly relied on the application of chemical preservatives or drastic physical treatments.However, chemical preservatives are becoming increasingly unpopular by the consumers,and some have even proven to be toxic and linked to cancer and other health problems.Physical treatments of the products, on the other hand, can deteriorate the sensoryproperties of the products, and may even destroy some of the nutrients and vitamins. In thiscontext, biopreservation, which is defined as the use of safe antibacterial/antifungalmicroorganism (so-called protective cultures) has unexploited potential to inhibit thegrowth of pathogenic microorganisms and enhance the shelf life of the final food product.In order to apply biopreservation in food products effectively, detailed knowledge on themetabolism of protective cultures is required. The present PhD project is mainly focused onthe application of in vitro NMR spectroscopy for studying the metabolism of protectivecultures. As an important part of this work, an analytical protocol was developed for realtimein vitro NMR measurements of bacterial fermentation, which includes guidelines fromthe sample preparation to the data processing and the modelling of the metabolic profiles.The protocol is applied in an experimental design with two strains of lactic acid bacteria.The results highlight some of the metabolic differences between the strains, in terms ofnutrients consumption and metabolites kinetics. As a part of this work, an NMR datapreprocessing technique, called ‘Reference Deconvolution’, was employed for the first timeto improve the multivariate analysis of the in vitro real-time metabolomics data and proveda necessary and elegant solution to the inherent inhomogeneity problem of the samples inthe in vitro NMR measurements of cells. A second objective of the project was to developan accurate approach for quantifying mold growth and inhibition. A new method waspresented for quantifying mold growth and measuring different segments of mold colonies,based on multispectral images and k-means clustering. The method was developed into asoftware package called ‘PCLUSTER’, and was demonstrated to be very helpful in two otherbiopreservation related metabolomic studies. In one case, PCLUSTER was used to quantifyhow the concentration of diacetyl affects inhibition of the indicator molds and in the secondcase PCLUSTER served as an efficient tool for quantifying inhibition assays, and findingantifungal metabolites and metabolites that correlated positively/negatively with theinhibition. The developed analytical tools are expected to be very beneficial in the studiesrelated to the biopreservation, and will be used in the future investigations of the protectivecultures
Corrigendum: Natural killer cells from patients with recombinase-activating gene and non-homologous end joining gene defects comprise a higher frequency of CD56bright NKG2A+++ cells, and yet display increased degranulation and higher perforin content [Front Immunol, 8, (2017), (798)] doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00798
No full text\ua9 2017 Dobbs and et al. There was a mistake in the authorship. The name of Nima Parvaneh was unintentionally omitted. Dr. Parvaneh has contributed biological specimens and clinical and immunological data from patient P66 included in the manuscript, and as such he should be included in the authorship. The authors apologize for the mistake. This error does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. With the inclusion of Dr. Parvaneh\u27s name in the authorship, the paragraph of Author Contributions should also be corrected as follows: JM, EM, AM, SP, and LN designed the study, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript; KD, GT, EC, OP, PM, SG, and DM performed experiments, acquired and analyzed the data; WA-H, CC, MC, JB, CB, DB, SB, TC, JC, VD-C, LOdB, MTdlM, GM, AF, RG, RKG, AH, SH, C-HH, MK, AlKi, BK, AnKl, TK, BL, VL, MiMa, IM, MeMo, BN, S-YP, NP, AP, SP, IR, JS, RS, TT, Y-JK, JW, AG, and SK contributed patient samples and clinical and immunological data; all authors have revised the work for its intellectual content, have approved its final version and have agreed to be accountable for all aspects related to the accuracy and integrity of the work. This correction does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. Author apologizes for these errors and thank you for your consideration. The original has been updated
Attitudes of Women with Disabilities in Tehran toward Childbearing
No full textAttitudes of Women with Disabilities in Tehran toward Childbearing
Ali Pezhhan[1] , Parvaneh Afshari[2]
Received: 07/07/2018 Accepted: 19/01/2019
Abstract This present study is descriptive and aims to examine the attitudes of women with disabilities who reside in the city of Tehran toward childbearing. The studied population consists of all married women with disabilities in Tehran (1500 people) based on the results of 2017 National Population and Housing Census in Iran. The sampling method was a systematic sampling method and the size of the sample was determined through Cochran formula through which 300 people were selected as the sample of the study. The required data for the Study were collected through questionnaires. Results of the factor analysis have proved that there is no correlation between the measures of any factor with the measures of other factors and any factor has its own impact on the disabled women’s attitude toward child bearing. According to calculations of the Chi-square test, there is a significant correlation between the attitudes of women with disabilities toward childbearing and economic, social and cultural factors. There is also a significant relationship between the attitudes of women with disabilities toward child bearing and the number of their brothers and sisters as well as their family size. There was a significant relationship between the attitudes of women with disabilities toward child bearing and social welfare, circumferential justice and benefiting from social security. Regression results have shown that demographic factors with over 57%, social factors with more than 69%, economic factors with more than 58% and cultural factors with more than 63% have been effective in determining the attitudes of women with disabilities towards childbearing.
Keywords: Attitude, Disability, Disabled Women and Childbearing.
[1]. Assistant Professor of Demographics- Islamic AzadUniversity, Tehran-Center Branch.
(Corresponding Author). [email protected]
[2]. PhD Student in Demography- Islamic AzadUniversity, Tehran-Center Branch.
[email protected]
The relation between post- traumatic stress, God's perception and existence related hypothesis
No full textIn this study the relation between god?s perception, post-traumatic stress symptoms and existence related hypotheses have been investigated. The data was analyzed by researcher using the SPSS 15.0 software.The god?s perception, existence related hypotheses, and post-traumatic stress scales are used to collect data. 250 young and adult people whose age ranged from 17 to 60 are forming the subject pool. Analyses reveal a positive meaningful proportionality between damaging god?s perception and post- traumatic stress. The post-traumatic stress and constructive god?s perception do not show a meaningful relationship.When looking to the relations between the scale factors for existence related hypotheses and god?s perception the constructive god?s perception and chance kindness and control hypotheses show positive meaningful proportionalities. Randomness, entity value, and justice hypotheses do not give meaningful relation with constructive god?s perception. However when looking to the relations between the scale factors for existence related hypotheses and god?s perception the damaging god?s perception and chance, kindness, entity value hypotheses reveal negative meaningful and randomness hypothesis positive meaningful proportionalities.The analyses of scale factors for Post-traumatic stress and existence related hypotheses show that the stress and chance, kindness, and entity value hypotheses have negative proportionalities. But for stress and randomness hypotheses there is a positive meaningful relation. The stress does not give meaningful relations with control, and justice hypotheses.Bu çalışmada Tanrı algısı, travma sonrası stres belirtileri ve dünyaya ilişkin varsayımlar arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak ilgili literatür taranmış ve bilgiler amaca uygun olarak bir araya getirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS 15.0 paket programı ile araştırmacı tarafından analiz edilmiştir.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Tanrı Algısı Ölçeği, Dünyaya İlişkin Örneklemini 17-60 yaş arasındaki 250 genç ve yetişkinler oluşturmuştur. Verilerin analizi sonucunda olumsuz Tanrı algısı ile travma sonrası stres belirtileri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki çıkmıştır. Travma sonrası stres belirtileri olumlu Tanrı algısı ile anlamlı bir ilişki göstermemiştir.Dünyaya ilişkin varsayımlar ölçeğinin faktörleri ile Tanrı algısının ilişkilerine bakıldığında, olumlu Tanrı algısı ile şans, iyilik ve kontrol varsayımları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu görülmektedir. Rastlantısallık, kendilik değeri ve adalet varsayımı ile olumlu Tanrı algısı ile anlamlı ilişki göstermemiştir. Dünyaya ilişkin varsayımlar ölçeğinin faktörleri ile olumsuz Tanrı algısının ilişkilerine bakıldığında ise şans, iyilik ve kendilik değeri varsayımları olumsuz Tanrı algısı ile negatif yönde anlamlı; rastlantısallık varsayımı ise pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler göstermiştir. Olumsuz Tanrı algısı ile kontrol ve adalet varsayımı arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunamamıştır.Travma sonrası stres belirtileri ile dünyaya ilişkin varsayımlar ölçeğinin faktörleri arasındaki ilişkilere bakıldığında da, stres belirtileri ile şans, iyilik ve kendilik değeri varsayımları ile negatif ilişki göstermiştir. Stres belirtileri ile rastlantısallık varsayımı arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki görülmüştür. Stres belirtileri ile kontrol ve adalet varsayımı arasındaki ilişkiler ise anlamlılık düzeyine ulaşmamıştır
Stagnation, Regression, Progression - Phasen der Entwicklung lexikalischer Kompetenz im Deutschen als Fremdsprache bei italienischen Studierenden
No full textIl contributo si occupa dello sviluppo delle competenze lessicali, un tema che è sempre stato al centro della didattica delle lingue straniere e che si riflette sempre più spesso negli ultimi due decenni nella ricerca. Tuttavia, gli studi sullo sviluppo delle competenze lessicali nell'insegnamento del tedesco come lingua straniera tra gli studenti (adulti) sono ancora una rarità. L'autrice vorrebbe dare un contributo in tal senso affrontando lo sviluppo della competenza lessicale in tedesco tra gli studenti italiani adulti e presentando i risultati parziali di uno studio a lungo termine condotto con studenti italiani presso l'Università di Cagliari nel periodo 2009-2013, in cui è stato dimostrato un aumento del vocabolario usato nella lingua straniera. Per quanto riguarda l'acquisizione del vocabolario invece, rivela l'importanza di studi a lungo termine, in quanto consentono di determinare in modo esaustivo le competenze dei partecipanti nei test nelle aree di riferimento..The present study deals with the development of lexical competence, a topic which has always been a central topic for foreign language didactics, and which is increasingly reflected in the last two decades at the research level. Nevertheless, studies on the development of lexical competence in German (as a foreign language) teaching among (adult) learners are still a rarity. The author would like to make a contribution to this by addressing the development of lexical competence in German as a foreign language among adult Italian learners and by presenting the partial results of a long-term study conducted with Italian students at the University of Cagliari in the period 2009-2013, in which an increase in the vocabulary used in German was proven. With regards to the acquisition of foreign language vocabulary it also reveals the importance of long-term studies, as they make it possible to comprehensively determine the qualities of the test persons in the corresponding competence area.Für die Fremdsprachendidaktik stellt die Entwicklung der lexikalischen Kompetenz seit jeher ein zentrales Thema dar, was sich in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten auch auf der Forschungsebene zunehmend widerspiegelt. Dennoch sind Untersuchungen zum Aufbau lexikalischer Kompetenz im DaF-Unterricht bei (erwachsenen) Lernern immer noch eine Seltenheit. Die vorliegende Studie möchte gerade dazu einen Beitrag leisten, indem sie die Entwicklung lexikalischer Kompetenzen im Deutschen als Fremdsprache bei erwachsenen italienischen Lernern thematisiert und die Teilergebnisse einer Langzeitstudie vorstellt, die im Zeitraum 2009-2013 an der Universität Cagliari mit italienischen Studierenden durchgeführt wurde, wobei grundsätzlich ein Anstieg des verwendeten Wortschatzes im Deutschen belegt werden konnte. Anhand dieser Studie zum Erwerb fremdsprachlichen Wortschatzes wird außerdem die Wichtigkeit von Langzeitstudien deutlich, da sie es ermöglichen, die Qualitäten der Probanden in dem entsprechenden Kompetenzbereich umfassend zu ermitteln
Growth Optimization of Lactobacillus plantarum T5jq301796.1, an Iranian Indigenous Probiotic in Lab Scale Fermenter
No full textBackground and Objective: Lactobacillus plantarum is one of the probiotics species used in functional food products. These bacteria or their purified bacteriocins are used as biological preservatives in the food industry. The first step in production of an array of probiotic products is optimizing production in fermentors. This study aimed to examine factors affecting the in vitro growth optimization of Lactobacillus plantarum T5JQ301796.1 in a lab scale fermentor.Materials and Methods: Following 24 hours of anaerobic culture of the lactobacillus at 37°C, the pre-culture was ready and was inoculated to a 5 liter fermentor at 37°C and stirred at 40 rpm. Then factors affecting lactobacillus growth including carbon and nitrogen sources and pH were studied. The results were interpreted using response surface methodology (RSM), and optimal conditions for the equipment were determined.Results and Conclusion: For optimal growth of Lactobacillus plantarum T5JQ301796.1 in lab scale fermentor, the optimal conditions were 25.96 gl-1 of glucose, 1.82% of yeast extract, pH of 7.26, and stirring at 40 rpm at optimum temperature between 37-40°C. In this condition, maximum viable cell in the batch fermentation was 1.25×1010 CFU ml-1. Application of central composite design for the growth optimization of this bacterium led to maximum viable cells equal to 1.25×1010 CFU ml-1. So the mentioned features can lead to optimum industrial scale production and usage of this probiotic strain in probiotic products.Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.</p
Corneal Differentiation Following HSC70 and HSP72 Expression in Air-Exposed Limbal Stem Cells Cultured on Denuded Amniotic Membrane
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to create an ex vivo model to examine the expressionof two heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family members, heat shock protein 72 (HSP72)and heat shock constitute protein 70 (HSC70), at the mRNA and protein levels in differentiatingcorneal cells from air exposed limbal stem cells.Materials and Methods: Limbal biopsies were cultured as explants on a cellular amnioticmembrane for 14 days. The cells were then exposed to air for 16 extra additional days.The proposed expression of limbal stem cell markers (p63, ABCG2), corneal markers(K3/12, connexin 43), as well as HSP72 and HSC70 were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the mRNA level, and by immunocytochemistryand flowcytometry at the protein level both pre and post air exposure. Fresh limbal andcorneal tissues were used as control group.Results: Air exposure decreased expression of p63 and increased expression of K3/K12 indicating an increase in the number of corneal cells. Our data showed that HSP72and HSC70 were expressed at the mRNA level before and after air exposure while theirexpression significantly increased post air exposure at the protein level.Conclusion: We assume HSC70 expression may be related to early and terminal stagesof differentiation in cultured limbal stem cells. In addition, limbal stem cells were protectedduring normal development against oxidative stress thru increased HSP72 expression.These findings may have broader implications in development of therapeutic strategiesfor treating wound healing disorders by induction of HSPs
product market competition, Free Cash Flow, over investment and low investment
No full textThe goal of this paper is to examine the association between product market competition and corporate investment decisions on, particularly over investment and low investment .The managers have different incentives to keep cash in firms. Product market competition is another powerful mechanism ensuring that management does not waste resources. When competition exists, shareholders can observe performance in other firms and use this information as a benchmark to evaluate managers. The aim of this research is to investigate impact of product market competition and Interactive relationship between product market competition and free cash flow on over- investment and low- investment in free cash flow. The Herfindahl-Hirschman index used as measures of competitiveness. The sample consisted of 110 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 10 different industries over the period 2010 to 2015. Research findings indicates that there is no significant positive relationship between Herfindahl-Hirschman with the low_ investment and over_ investment. The interactive effect of product market competition on a negative free cash flow is significant relationship with low investment
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