118,978 research outputs found
Screening mosquito house entry points as a potential method for integrated control of endophagic filariasis, arbovirus and malaria vectors.
No full textBACKGROUND\ud
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Partial mosquito-proofing of houses with screens and ceilings has the potential to reduce indoor densities of malaria mosquitoes. We wish to measure whether it will also reduce indoor densities of vectors of neglected tropical diseases.\ud
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METHODOLOGY\ud
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The main house entry points preferred by anopheline and culicine vectors were determined through controlled experiments using specially designed experimental huts and village houses in Lupiro village, southern Tanzania. The benefit of screening different entry points (eaves, windows and doors) using PVC-coated fibre glass netting material in terms of reduced indoor densities of mosquitoes was evaluated compared to the control.\ud
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FINDINGS\ud
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23,027 mosquitoes were caught with CDC light traps; 77.9% (17,929) were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, of which 66.2% were An. arabiensis and 33.8% An. gambiae sensu stricto. The remainder comprised 0.2% (50) An. funestus, 10.2% (2359) Culex spp. and 11.6% (2664) Mansonia spp. Screening eaves reduced densities of Anopheles gambiae s. l. (Relative ratio (RR) = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.84, 0.98; P = 0.01); Mansonia africana (RR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.76; P<0.001) and Mansonia uniformis (RR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.56; P<0.001) but not Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. univittatus or Cx. theileri. Numbers of these species were reduced by screening windows and doors but this was not significant.\ud
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SIGNIFICANCE\ud
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This study confirms that across Africa, screening eaves protects households against important mosquito vectors of filariasis, Rift Valley Fever and O'Nyong nyong as well as malaria. While full house screening is required to exclude Culex species mosquitoes, screening of eaves alone or fitting ceilings has considerable potential for integrated control of other vectors of filariasis, arbovirus and malaria
Respectful Relationalities: Researching with Those Who Contest or Have Concerns about Changes in Sexual and Gender Legislation and Cultures
No full textIt has long been established that research spaces are relational. This chapter explores the ways in which research was undertaken to investigate the everyday spatial experiences of those who oppose or are concerned about new gender and sexual landscapes, including those who see marriage as between a man/woman, who are pro-life, gender critical, and/or who contest trans inclusions. It argues that research that seeks to understand polarization and division and to work across difference may be transformative, but must also carefully negotiated. These negotiations and flexibilities are necessary to create respectful relationalities between the researcher and the researched that are open to hearing and understanding complexities, contradictions, and stories. Thus, we argue that respectful relationalities can be formed through forms of feminist engagements with narratives as well as queer methodological approaches that see binaries and ‘sides’ as incongruous, fluid and continually redefined.European Commission Horizon 2020Check citation details during checkdate report - RO
Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo), building with big eaves
No full textTypes of Buildings in Leopoldville [Kinshasa], Belgian Congo [Democratic Republic of the Congo]. 4 Feb 49. Plenty of eaves. "Safricas" building construction yards. 8 1/50 -.GrayscalePendleton nitrate negative, Box 305 of 38
Richardson, Barbauld, and the construction of an early modern fan club
No full textMPhilMuch has been written about the life and long works of the eighteenth century epistolary novelist, Samuel Richardson, but the prospect of his position as the first celebrity novelist – responsible for courting his own fame as well as initiating his own fan club – has largely been ignored. The body of manuscripts housed at the National Art Library in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London provides the modern scholar with evidence of the skeletal beginnings of an early fan club. This thesis aims to show how these manuscripts were turned into a saleable commodity by the publisher and entrepreneur Richard Phillips, while under the guiding hand of another, slightly later, literary celebrity, Anna Laetitia Barbauld. In order to restore Richardson’s reputation amongst a new nineteenth century audience, Barbauld was required to construct her own idea of him as an eighteenth century celebrity author, and in doing so the insecurities of a self-professed, apparently diffident man, are revealed. Barbauld’s capacious, but heavily edited selection of letters is analyzed in this thesis, providing ample evidence that Richardson’s correspondents were more than just eager letter writers. By using Barbauld’s biography of Richardson this thesis aims to show how she manipulates the genre of life writing in her construction of him.
This thesis offers an alternative reading of how the Richardson manuscripts are viewed, redefining them as not simply a collection of letters, but as a collective entity, deliberately selected and archived as evidence of an early modern fan club, and its celebrity managing director
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents
No full textBackground
Control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-based evaluations of their actual impact on mosquito survival and malaria risk. Mineral oil-formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were applied using five different techniques that each exploited the behaviour of malaria mosquitoes when entering, host-seeking or resting in experimental huts in a malaria endemic area of rural Tanzania.
Results
Survival of mosquitoes was reduced by 39-57% relative to controls after forcing upward house-entry of mosquitoes through fungus treated baffles attached to the eaves or after application of fungus-treated surfaces around an occupied bed net (bed net strip design). Moreover, 68 to 76% of the treatment mosquitoes showed fungal growth and thus had sufficient contact with fungus treated surfaces. A population dynamic model of malaria-mosquito interactions shows that these infection rates reduce malaria transmission by 75-80% due to the effect of fungal infection on adult mortality alone. The model also demonstrated that even if a high proportion of the mosquitoes exhibits outdoor biting behaviour, malaria transmission was still significantly reduced.
Conclusions
Entomopathogenic fungi strongly affect mosquito survival and have a high predicted impact on malaria transmission. These entomopathogens represent a viable alternative for malaria control, especially if they are used as part of an integrated vector management strategy
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L-eaves : rede neural artificial MLP especialista na predição do perfil físico-químico de nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas usadas no tratamento de câncer
No full textTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Gama, 2017.A Rede Neural Artificial L-eaves criado nesta monografia abre a possibilidade de simulação de qualquer processo industrial que exija gastos com insumos, recursos humanos, e outros derivados, em formulações diversas, sendo uma solução de contorno bem quista pela sua versatilidade e custo-benefício agregado. Além da redução de tais fatores, há a possibilidade de redução do tempo gasto com pesquisa e produção de inovação. Neste intuito, com foco na produção de Nanopartículas Lipídicas Sólidas, aplicadas com veemência no tratamento clínico de neoplasias, foi criada esta possibilidade de simulação. O intuito foi comprovar que há como reproduzir o perfil físico-químico final do preparo de nanopartículas, para reduzir todas as formas de gastos no processo de inovação e testes no setor industrial ou outro que convenha. Nesta vertente foi criado todo o protótipo de rede neural artificial Multilayer Perceptron com algoritmo Back-Propagation, adaptada com o auxílio de especialistas na produção de nanopartículas. Reproduzindo via simulação todo o processo de preparação real final da nanopartícula com precisão aceitável. Há possibilidade então, para a otimização da pesquisa na área industrial de fármacos, uma vez que a L-eaves foi criada de forma genérica, de forma que possam existir outras aplicações com diferentes entradas e saídas desejadas. A Rede Neural Artificial L-eaves foi ainda embasada por dinâmicas de análise dos riscos durante sua concepção, de forma a assegurar maior confiabilidade na previsão do perfil físico-químico, sendo então um produto promissor à Indústria Farmacêutica.The Artificial Neural Network L-eaves created in this monograph opens a possibility of simulation of any industrial process that requires expenditures with inputs, human resources and other derivatives, in diverse formulas, being a contour solution well for its own versatility and cost-benefit aggregate. Besides the reduction of factors, there is a possibility of reducing the time spent with research and innovation production. In this sense, focusing on the production of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, applied with vehemence without clinical treatment of neoplasias, was created in this possibility of simulation. The intention was to prove that there is a way to reproduce the final physical-chemical profile of the preparation of nanoparticles, to reduce all forms of spending in the process of innovation and testing in the industrial sector or other that suits. In this section, the entire prototype Multilayer Perceptron artificial neural network was created with Back-Propagation algorithm, adapted with the help of specialists in the production of nanoparticles. Reproducing via simulation the entire final real preparation process of the nanoparticle with acceptable accuracy. There is an offer, therefore, for an optimization of research in the industrial area of pharmaceuticals, since it is an L-eaves was created in a generic way, so that it is a possibility other applications with different inputs and outputs desired. The Artificial Neural Network L-eaves was also based on dynamics of risk analysis during its design, so that the company had greater reliability in the prediction of the physical-chemical profile, being a promising product to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
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