1,721,456 research outputs found
Paradigms in epistemic communities An analysis of development studies seen from REEDES and EADI
No full textPor medio del papel histórico, social y político que tienen las comunidades epistémicas como medios de producción, circulación y legitimación de ideas, esta investigación indaga en la evolución y configuración de los paradigmas en la disciplina de los estudios del desarrollo. Para ello, se analiza una década de congresos académicos de dos de sus comunidades más consolidadas, REEDES y EADI. Los principales resultados apuntan a que, si bien ambas comparten ciertos patrones de comportamiento en materia de temáticas, existen importantes puntos de divergencia, pues la presencia de distintos tipos de actores configura paradigmas de acuerdo con las necesidades e intereses de las estructuras sociales en las que se desarrollanBased on the historical, social, and political role that epistemic communities play as means of production, circulation and legitimation of ideas, this paper explores the evolution and configuration of paradigms in the discipline of development studies. To this end, one decade of academic congresses of two of its most consolidated epistemic communities, REEDES and EADI, is analysed. The results of this explorative exercise indicate that, even though there are shared patterns among them, we observe important points of divergence since the presence of different types of actors configures paradigms according to the needs and interests of the social structures in which epistemic communities developDepto. de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e HistoriaInstituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)TRUEpu
Morphological and molecular characterisation of Discotylenchus lorestanensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran
No full textMehrabian, Fatemeh, Azizi, Kourosh, Bazgir, Eadi, Darvishnia, Mostafa (2017): Morphological and molecular characterisation of Discotylenchus lorestanensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran. Zootaxa 4290 (1): 167-176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4290.1.1
Electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) as a monitoring parameter in difficult weaning from respirator: a pilot study
Get PDFIntroduction: A reliable prediction of successful weaning from respiratory support may be crucial for the overall outcome of the critically ill patient. The electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) allows one to monitor the patients' respiratory drive and their ability to meet the increased respiratory demand. In this pilot study, we compared the EAdi with conventional parameters of weaning failure, such as the ratio of respiratory rate to tidal volume. Methods: We studied 18 mechanically ventilated patients considered difficult to wean. For a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), the patients were disconnected from the ventilator and given oxygen through a T-piece. The SBT was evaluated by using standard criteria. Results: Twelve patients completed the SBT successfully, and six failed. The EAdi was significantly different in the two groups. We found an early increase in EAdi in the failing patients that was more pronounced than in any of the patients who successfully passed the SBT. Changes in EAdi predicted an SBT failure earlier than did conventional parameters. Conclusions: EAdi monitoring adds valuable information during weaning from the ventilator and may help to identify patients who are not ready for discontinuation of respiratory support.Maquet Critical Care; Gottingen and Uppsala Universit
Considerations for an Optimal EAdi Threshold for Automated Detection of Ineffective Efforts
No full textOverall, it seems that increasing the threshold of EAdi would decrease the false-negative rate, improving the sensitivity of any given automated detection software and keeping a good specificity. We believe that, according to our reassessed results, an EAdi .2 mV could be suitable for this purpose. In addition, as Jonkman and colleagues mentioned, the removal of cardiac electrical activity is technically challenging, particularly when the signal:noise ratio of
the crural diaphragm electromyography signal is low. In this scenario, we hypothesized that the automatic detection of true ineffective efforts from EAdi will be improved by using a personalized adaptive threshold for each patient considering the signal:noise ratio of the diaphragm electromyography signal. Interestingly, nonlinear methods less sensitive to ECG interference based on sample entropy algorithms (4) could be used to reduce the delay on the neural onset when an ECG peak matches at the beginning of the breath
Time course of electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) in the peri extubation period and its role as predictor of extubation failure in difficult to wean patients
Get PDFWeaning patients from mechanical ventilation is crucial in the management of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) are used to assess readiness for extubation, but extubation failure remains a challenge. Diaphragmatic function, measured by electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi), may provide insights into weaning outcomes. This prospective, observational study included difficult-to-wean patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. EAdi was recorded before, during, and after extubation. Patients were categorized into extubation success and failure groups based on reintubation within 48 h. Statistical analysis assessed EAdi patterns and predictive value. Thirty-one patients were analyzed, with six experiencing extubation failure. Overall, EAdi increased significantly between the phases before the SBT, the SBT and post-extubation period, up to 24 h (p 30 μV during SBT predicted extubation failure with 92% sensitivity and 67% specificity. Multivariable analysis confirmed EAdi as an independent predictor of extubation failure. In difficult-to-wean patients, EAdi increases significantly between the phases before the SBT, the SBT and post-extubation period and is significantly higher in patients experiencing extubation failure. An EAdi > 30 μV during SBT may enhance extubation failure prediction compared to conventional parameters. Advanced monitoring of diaphragmatic function could improve weaning outcomes in critical care settings. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-024-05092-x
Why do we need solidarity in development studies?
No full textThe next EADI Development Studies conference is about “Solidarity, Peace and Social Justice”. But what does solidarity actually mean in relation to development studies? Kees Biekart explores the term by looking at current global examples such as the Fridays for Future movement
Why do we need solidarity in development studies?
No full textThe next EADI Development Studies conference is about “Solidarity, Peace and Social Justice”. But what does solidarity actually mean in relation to development studies? Kees Biekart explores the term by looking at current global examples such as the Fridays for Future movement
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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