794 research outputs found
Nijazov’s Turkmen Sultanism: Regime Analysis
No full textThe author describes the political regime of Nijazov’s Turkmenistan and explores the possibility of its classification as “sultanistic regime”. A historical perspective on the creation of the modern Turkmen nation in the USSR and the path to independence are provided, along with a description of its unique political institutions. Later, the concept of the sultanistic regime is introduced and Turkmen political praxis is discussed within that framework. In conclusion, the author briefly sketches perspectives of the regime
THE 1910’s: THE LITTLE-KNOWN TURKMEN JADIT AUTHOR AND HIS ARTICLES
No full textMuhammetkulu Atabayev (Atabayogly, 1885-1916) is the notable representative of the jatit period of the Turkmen literature. The jadid period is the period between classic and soviet periods of the literature development. His publicisic articles, published in “Zakaspiyskaya tuzemnaya gazeta” newspaper in 1914-1915 are the bedt specimens of the jadit Turkmen literature. In his articles the author put on the agenda the burning questions of the Turkmen society of that period, such as: the backwardness of the Turkmen peoble in compare with other nations, because of imperfection of the methods of learning children to read and write, entering into the sisytem of education the new, modern methods of teaching, the compulsory education of the Turkmen girls equelly with the boys at schools, the removal from the life of the Turkmen people the ranson for the brides, wearing the modern, fashionable clothes from the best materials by Turkmen people, the role and importance of periodicals in the libe of society and the other matters. All the articles of Muhammetkuli Atabayev in uncut form after their first publication in 1914-1915 in Turkmen origin, for the first time are published into Turkish language.</p
STRONGLY RADICAL SUPPLEMENTED MODULES
No full textWOS: 000301855400010Zoschinger studied modules whose radicals have supplements and called these modules radical supplemented. Motivated by this, we call a module strongly radical supplemented (briefly srs) if every submodule containing the radical has a supplement. We prove that every (finitely generated) left module is an srs-module if and only if the ring is left (semi) perfect. Over a local Dedekind domain, srs-modules and radical supplemented modules coincide. Over a nonlocal Dedekind domain, an srs-module is the sum of its torsion submodule and the radical submodule
GRAMMAR TERMS OF TURKMEN TURKIC
No full textTürkmen Türkçesi, Türk dili ailesinin Güney-Batı kolunda yer alır. Güney-Batı Türkçesinin batı kollarını Gagavuz ve Türkiye Türkçeleri teşkil ederken Azerbaycan ve Türkmen Türkçeleri ise doğu kollarını teşkil eder. 1884’ten 1991’e kadar Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin bağımsızlığı altında kalan Türkmen Türkleri 1991’de Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasıyla bağımsızlığına kavuşmuştur. Bir süre Sovyetler Birliği’nin bağımsızlığı altında kalan Türkmenistan’da Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine yapılan dil incelemelerinde Rus Türkoloji çalışmalarının etkisi söz konusudur. Bu nedenle Türkmen Türkçesinde bazı gramer konularının Türkiye Türkçesindeki incelenme yönteminden farklı ele alındığı görülür. Türkmen Türkçesinde gramer terimlerinin oluşumunda Türkçe sözcüklerin yoğunluğu göze çarpar. Gramer çalışmaları uzunca bir süre Rus Türkoloji çalışmalarına göre ele alındığı için Türkmen Türkçesinde kullanılan terimlerin bir kısmı Rusçadan alınmış ve uzun zaman böyle kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkmen Türkçesinde 760 civarında gramer terimi tespit edilmiştir. Bu terimlerin tespiti için Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine hazırlanan sözlüklerden ve gramerlerden istifade edilmiştir. Yararlanılan eserler kaynakça bölümünde gösterilmiştirTurkmen Turkic is in the south-west branch of the Turkic language family. Gagauz and Turkey Turkish constitute the western branch of the south-western Turkic while Azerbaijan and Turkmen Turkic constitute the eastern branch. The Turkmen Turks, which were under the rule of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics from 1884 to 1991, gained their independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Turkmenistan, which was under the rule of the Soviet Union for a while, the influence of Russian Turcology on the language studies on Turkmen Turkic is in question. Therefore, some grammar topics in Turkmen Turkic are dealt in a different way from Turkey Turkish. The density of Turkish words is prominent in the formation of grammatical terms in Turkmen Turkic. Because grammar studies have been dealt according to Russian Turcology for a long time, some of the terms have been taken especially from Russian and and these terms have been used like this for a long time. In this study, around 760 grammatical terms in Turkmen Turkic were determined. For the determination of these terms, dictionaries and grammar works prepared on Turkmen Turkic were used. The works that are used in this study are given in the bibliography.WOS:00056225250000
English and Turkmen pronunciation: common errors and their causes
No full textIn our research we study Turkmen students’ pronunciation problems that are connected with their interference peculiarities. The aim of our research was to find out possible phonetic mistakes in speech production and try to explain them. As a result, we found the most common problems and their causes. The research allows Turkmen students avoid many possible pronunciation errors as well as phoneticians to foster theoretical knowledge in comparative linguistics
Turkmen Status within Iranian Ethnic Identity (Cultural, Geographical, Political)
No full textThe world is a place containing various racial and lingual groups. Iran is not an exception, because it can be called a multi-national or multi-racial community. Iran is of great interest to a wide range of scientific disciplines because of the rich ethnic and cultural diversity of population living there, and the extreme complexity of the historical and genetic issues in the region. However, studies related to the ethnogenesis of indigenous peoples and their ancient genetic contacts are not conclusive. Turkmen the largest ethno-linguistic minority in Iran are one of such peoples. Iranian Turkmen are a Turkic people the Branch of Turkmen people living mainly in Northern and Northeastern of Iran Famous to Turkmen Sahra 'Includes Golestan, RazaviKhorasan and North Khorasan. Turkmens were one of the divided nation after 1885, as a result of the British, Iranian and Pashtun resistance in The Great Game, expansion of the Russian Empire to the south ended. Fate of Turkmens across borders evolved differently. Industrialization, urbanization and more intensive modernization in Soviet Turkmenistan led to: unite disparate nomadic tribes settled in a single ethnic group with pronounced cultural and linguistic attributes. Keywords: Turkmen people, Turkmen Sahra, language, Genetic evidence, Racial characteristics
GRAMMAR TERMS OF TURKMEN TURKIC
No full textTürkmen Türkçesi, Türk dili ailesinin Güney-Batı kolunda yer alır. Güney-Batı Türkçesinin batı kollarını Gagavuz ve Türkiye Türkçeleri teşkil ederken Azerbaycan ve Türkmen Türkçeleri ise doğu kollarını teşkil eder. 1884’ten 1991’e kadar Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin bağımsızlığı altında kalan Türkmen Türkleri 1991’de Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasıyla bağımsızlığına kavuşmuştur. Bir süre Sovyetler Birliği’nin bağımsızlığı altında kalan Türkmenistan’da Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine yapılan dil incelemelerinde Rus Türkoloji çalışmalarının etkisi söz konusudur. Bu nedenle Türkmen Türkçesinde bazı gramer konularının Türkiye Türkçesindeki incelenme yönteminden farklı ele alındığı görülür. Türkmen Türkçesinde gramer terimlerinin oluşumunda Türkçe sözcüklerin yoğunluğu göze çarpar. Gramer çalışmaları uzunca bir süre Rus Türkoloji çalışmalarına göre ele alındığı için Türkmen Türkçesinde kullanılan terimlerin bir kısmı Rusçadan alınmış ve uzun zaman böyle kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkmen Türkçesinde 760 civarında gramer terimi tespit edilmiştir. Bu terimlerin tespiti için Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine hazırlanan sözlüklerden ve gramerlerden istifade edilmiştir. Yararlanılan eserler kaynakça bölümünde gösterilmiştirTurkmen Turkic is in the south-west branch of the Turkic language family. Gagauz and Turkey Turkish constitute the western branch of the south-western Turkic while Azerbaijan and Turkmen Turkic constitute the eastern branch. The Turkmen Turks, which were under the rule of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics from 1884 to 1991, gained their independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In Turkmenistan, which was under the rule of the Soviet Union for a while, the influence of Russian Turcology on the language studies on Turkmen Turkic is in question. Therefore, some grammar topics in Turkmen Turkic are dealt in a different way from Turkey Turkish. The density of Turkish words is prominent in the formation of grammatical terms in Turkmen Turkic. Because grammar studies have been dealt according to Russian Turcology for a long time, some of the terms have been taken especially from Russian and and these terms have been used like this for a long time. In this study, around 760 grammatical terms in Turkmen Turkic were determined. For the determination of these terms, dictionaries and grammar works prepared on Turkmen Turkic were used. The works that are used in this study are given in the bibliography
The effects of dictatorship on health: the case of Turkmenistan.
No full textBACKGROUND: There is a health crisis in Turkmenistan similar to, but more severe than, in other Central Asian countries. This paper asks whether the health crisis in Turkmenistan is attributable to the consequences of the dictatorship under president Niyazov, who died in 2006. METHODS: The basis for this paper was a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants complemented by an iterative search of internet sites, initially published as a report in April 2005, and subsequently updated with feedback on the report as well as a comprehensive search of secondary information sources and databases. RESULTS: This paper describes in depth three areas in which the dictatorship in Turkmenistan had a negative impact on population health: the regime's policy of secrecy and denial, which sees the "solution" to health care problems in concealment rather than prevention; its complicity in the trafficking of drugs from Afghanistan; and the neglect of its health care system. CONCLUSION: The paper concludes that dictatorship has contributed to the health crisis facing Turkmenistan. One of the first tests of the new regime will be whether it can address this crisis
Mongolian Loanedwords In Iraqi Turkmen Turkish
No full textThe linguistic relationship between Turkish and Mongolian dates back to ancient times. These two languages, which are in the same language group, have been heavily influenced by each other throughout history. This interaction, which occurred in different periods and regions, caused the exchange of words between these two languages. Therefore, there are Turkish words in Mongolian and Mongolian words in Turkish. Many studies have been done on this subject; In these studies, either Turkish elements in Mongolian or Mongolian elements in Turkish were discussed. In addition, there are also studies on topics such as similarities, differences, parallelism and so on between two languages. One of the studies that deals with Mongolian elements in Turkish is the article titled “Mongolian Words Used in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish”. This article belongs to Hamdi Lateef Khairullah and in this study, 14 words of Mongolian origin used in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish were identified and examined. Apart from these words identified by the author, it has been determined that there are other words of Mongolian origin used in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish. There was a need to conduct a new study aiming to draw attention to words that were not examined and to contribute to the mentioned article. In our study; In the mentioned article, words of Mongolian origin that were not examined were discussed. Information is given about the shapes, meanings, usage patterns of the words in question in Iraqi Turkmen Turkish, the regions where they are used, their shapes and meanings in historical and contemporary Turkish dialects, and their shapes and meanings in Mongolian
Turkmenbashy : the propagation of personal rule in contemporary Turkmenistan
No full textTurkmenistan President Saparmurat Niyazov (known as Turkmenbashy, or “father of Turkmens”), the longest-serving leader in post-Soviet space, has ruled his country with increasing repression and megalomaniacal idiosyncrasy over the past decade. Under Niyazov’s rule, alternative political parties have been banned, non-official religions persecuted, and free media outlets closed. State institutions, subsumed by the expansive presidency, are characterized by constant personnel purges and an arbitrary management style, and have become increasingly dysfunctional. Grandiose marble state buildings, large museums and golden presidential statues dominate Ashgabat, Turkmenistan’s capital. Socioeconomic indicators, however, are at low levels, and poverty and unemployment have reached new highs.
Niyazov has formulated, transmitted and imposed a new Turkmen national program as a method of political legitimation. This “pseudo-ideology” has been elaborated since independence in a series of texts published under the president’s name—Niyazov’s quasi-spiritual works are required reading throughout all levels of education in Turkmenistan and are heavily propagated through official mass media and cultural associations.
This thesis seeks to understand the forms that the legitimation program has taken, Niyazov’s methods of propagation, and the ways in which the regime’s program resembles those of similar historical regimes. Turkmenistan, which appears to closely approximate the ideal type of a sultanistic regime (as defined by Juan Linz), is described in this thesis with reference to cases of sultanistic leadership from the post-colonial period in sub-Saharan Africa. This thesis examines in turn Niyazov’s use of official ritual and symbolism, media and education, historical revision, and architecture to secure normative compliance. Historical references help to contextualize a discussion of Turkmenistan, an often-overlooked country in post-Soviet Central Asia, but one that promises to grow in strategic importance due to its geopolitical location and bounty of natural resources
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