105 research outputs found
Os novos sujeitos do Direito Internacional Público: um estudo sobre a reforma do paradigma Estado-nação
Get PDFTCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Jurídicas. Direito.Será demonstrado no presente trabalho quais são os novos sujeitos do Direito Internacional Público e o porquê de se estudar a personalidade jurídica no âmbito internacional. Este tema, apesar de ser muito importante em nosso dia-a-dia, passa despercebido pela grande maioria de nós. Graças à intensificação das relações internacionais têm-se vários produtos fabricados em outros países que são acessíveis para nós. Pode-se citar como exemplo de produtos que todos nós usamos que só estão ao nosso alcance graças aos tratados (acordos feitos pelos agentes que serão demonstrados mais a diante) : perfumes, creme de barbear, o lúpulo da cerveja, muito dos carros que temos no nosso mercado automobilístico, relógios, alimentos, dentre outros inúmeros produtos. Após uma abordagem simples e objetiva do que é a personalidade jurídica, passamos a analisar as correntes existentes, que procuram estabelecer quem possui a personalidade jurídica no âmbito do direito internacional público. Comparando as correntes existentes que divergem sobre quem são os agentes/sujeitos/entes com personalidade jurídica no âmbito internacional, através do uso de citações de alguns doutrinadores, fatos históricos, acordos, notícias dentre outras formas de esclarecimentos. Explica-se de forma clara e objetiva, sobre Estados, Organizações Intergovernamentais, Não – Governamentais, Seres Humanos e Empresas Multinacionais/Transnacionais. Após conhecer as características de cada agente/ator, se terá condição de diferenciar cada corrente e formar uma opinião sobre os vários sujeitos internacionais. Também será destacado, que a emergência de novos participantes nessa sociedade, demanda uma atualização de suas regras e instituições para melhor satisfação de suas necessidades.The present work aims to bring conclusions about international politic regarding the nation-state paradigm facing the legal progress of human rights, here understood as the generations of rights. Questions like what (new) subjects of international law? Which scenario or historical and evolutionary context in which it is international politics? Throughout the XIX century, only States were classified as subjects of international law. After World War II, more and more new actors appeared on the stage of international law, such as intergovernmental organizations created by states, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) created by individuals, multinationals and even natural persons (ie individuals). It is important to recognize the subjectivity of the new International subject to being granted the legal personality on the international scene. These can now expand their capacity to become international people. That is right, the traditional international law system is in crisis because it is no longer able to meet the needs and evolution of life in the third millennium
Mate Preference and Larval Growth of Great Lakes Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon Marinus) in a Warming Climate
Get PDFSea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) are parasitic pests in the Great Lakes. Once sea lamprey started to have a negative impact on important game fish populations, management efforts began. More information on how sea lamprey choose mates and how larval sea lamprey grow could give more insight on how to better manage their populations. Increased temperatures due to global climate change may result in increased growth of individuals, higher count of eggs, higher quality of eggs, and higher sperm production. I presented an average-sized ovulating female with the choice of a small or large spermiating male in a two-way mate preference experiment. Trials were conducted and investigated whether stream side bias, male or female activity, or the presence of male odor upstream affected the female’s preference. Results showed the female sea lamprey had a mesocosm side bias and females preferred to be in front of the small male when male odor was released. Improving the accuracy of larval sea lamprey growth models would benefit management strategies by providing better predictions as to when metamorphosis could occur. The primary technique used to establish growth of sea lamprey within the control program is the use of an incomplete growing degree day (GDD) metric, where average daily growth across a latitudinal gradient during the warmer months is used to predict time of metamorphosis. I tested a complete GDD metric in which the number of year-round growing degree days for each age-class of sea lamprey population tested was calculated. Water temperatures were obtained as much as possible during the larval growth time frame for each stream examined. For streams in which I did not have water temperature, I placed data loggers in streams to record the temperature every hour for one year. Air temperatures were then obtained from weather station locations closest to the mouth of the river for the same year. A relationship between the air and water temperature for each stream was established from this year’s data. Air temperature were then obtained from weather stations closest to each stream during the periods of larval growth, and air temperature was used to predict water temperature larval sea lamprey experienced. A generalized linear model was used to determine the relationship between the response variable, lamprey length-at-age, and one or more predictors, which included log-transformed GDD, log-transformed calendar days, stream, and lake. The best fit model, which used basin wide data, was log-transformed calendar days and lake. The results show that GDD was the best predictor for Lake Ontario and calendar days were the best predictor for Lakes Huron and Michigan to determine growth of sea lamprey. Calendar days and GDD both predicted length-at-age for Lake Superior populations equally well.Master of Science (MS)BiologyUniversity of Michigan-Flinthttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143447/1/Higgins2018.pd
The Social Construction of Gender as Represented in Popular Fiction, 1990-1997
No full textThis dissertation analyzes a sample of mass market paperback fiction in an attempt to determine if traditional gender stereotyping is found in them comparable to what is seen in other forms of the mass media (e.g., television, movies, and advertising). Six novels were analyzed including novels by two romance writers (Danielle Steel\u27s Star, Johanna Lindsey\u27s Gentle Rogue), two writers of mystery/thrillers (John Grisham\u27s Pelican Brief, Mary Higgins Clark\u27s I\u27ll Be Seeing You), and two horror writers (Stephen King\u27s Dolores Claiborne, and Dean Koontz\u27s The Voice of the Night). Overwhelmingly, it was found that when looking at the specific variables Occupation, Approach to the World, Position, Valued Characteristics, and Relationships, these novels demonstrated the same traditional gender stereotyping discovered in other mass media. Although the majority of images found in the novels still conformed to traditional gender images, the least traditional of the six novels were Pelican Brief and Dolores Claiborne
Fresh Perspectives in Security
Get PDFIn this multi-author edition, we have asked six of Australia’s most innovative scholars to challenge our thinking and present a fresh perspective
The perceived barriers and facilitators to implementation of ECMO services in acute hospitals
No full textLetterBentley J. Fulcher, Angus J. Nicholson, Natalie J. Linke, Danielle Berkovic, Carol L. Hodgson on behalf of the EXCEL Study Investigators and the International ECMO Networ
Foi fácil! Porque tinha desenho, tinha Libras. Então ficou mais fácil responder em espanhol: a constituição da avaliação da aprendizagem em aula de espanhol como língua adicional e o sentido dessas práticas para os alunos surdos
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, Florianópolis, 2013.Este estudo tem como objetivo principal problematizar a relação entre os conhecimentos escolares sistematizados, as práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas na sala de aula de espanhol como língua adicional e as práticas sociais cotidianas dos alunos surdos. Para buscar atingir esse objetivo identifico, descrevo, analiso e interpreto rotinas do trabalho pedagógico de uma sala de aula de Espanhol em uma turma inclusiva de 6º ano com sete alunos surdos e onze alunos ouvintes, de uma escola pólo no ensino de surdos, da rede básica de ensino do município de São José. Embora o foco da investigação tenha se voltado mais para a turma inclusiva, também foram realizadas observações em uma turma bilíngue do 1º ano do ensino médio, sobre a qual discuto algumas práticas de linguagem e usos do espanhol como língua adicional, realizadas por alunos desse grupo, relevantes para esse estudo. Situada na área de Linguística Aplicada, essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma perspectiva etnográfica, interpretativista e consiste, especialmente, de registro de dados através da observação sistemática da rotina escolar do grupo de dezoito alunos da turma inclusiva, que conta com uma professora que domina três idiomas: português, espanhol e LIBRAS e com uma intérprete de língua de sinais durante todo o período de aulas. Além disso, consiste de observações da turma bilíngue, de análise documental e de entrevistas com participantes da comunidade escolar. A referência teórica que sustenta este trabalho nos conduz a repensar a prática avaliativa do ensino da língua adicional sob uma perspectiva pós-colonialista (Pennycook, 1998, 2010; Rajagopalan, 2003; Garcez, 2013; Lucena, 2006, 2010; García, 2009; Schlatter & Garcez, 2009; 2012; entre outros). Durante a análise e interpretação dos dados, aponto para discussões que possam contribuir com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem do espanhol desse alunado e para práticas avaliativas que contemplem as características desse grupo minoritarizado. Os dados revelam que apesar do empenho de professores e da intérprete no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e da inclusão dos alunos surdos na aula de espanhol, a maior parte das avaliações realizadas não é significativa e tampouco se mostra produtiva, contribuindo pouco com a aprendizagem desses alunos. Nesse sentido, esse estudo aponta o descompasso existente entre a teoria que rege a avaliação no ensino de língua adicional (espanhol) no contexto dessa sala de aula inclusiva e sua prática em si. Através dos registros pode-se também identificar a necessidade explícita dos alunos surdos por práticas de avaliação mais coerentes com o uso da linguagem em suas realidades, de modo que elasforneçam elementos que possam contribuir para avaliar, efetivamente, o desempenho do aluno no idioma espanhol. Os resultados dessa pesquisa contribuem para a literatura sobre avaliação em língua adicional no contexto de línguas minoritarizadas, principalmente no que diz respeito a comunidade surda.Abstract : The main objective of this study is to problematize the relation among systematized school knowledge, assessment practices developed in the Spanish as an additional language classroom and everyday social practices of deaf students. In order to achieve this goal I identify, describe, analyze and interpret the teaching routines in a Spanish classroom in a sixth-grade inclusive group with seven deaf students and eleven hearing students, of a core municipal school on the education of the deaf, in São José. Although the focus of the investigation has been on the inclusive class, a bilingual first-year high school class was also observed, and I discuss some language practices and Spanish as additional language usages performed by students of this group which are relevant to this study. Under the theoretical assumptions of Applied Linguistics, this research was developed from an ethnographic interpretive perspective and consists especially of data recording through systematic observation of the school routine of the eighteen students group in the inclusive class, which has a teacher who mastered three languages: Portuguese, Spanish and LIBRAS and a sign language interpreter throughout the class. Besides, this research consists of observations of bilingual classes, documental analysis and interviews with participants of the school community. The theoretical framework that underpins this research leads us to rethink the evaluation practice of additional language teaching in a post colonialist perspective (Pennycook, 1998, 2010; Rajagopalan, 2003; Garcez, 2013; Lucena, 2006, 2010; García, 2009; Schlatter & Garcez, 2009, 2012, among others). During data analysis and interpretation, I point out discussions that may contribute to the Spanish teaching and learning process of these students and to evaluation practices that consider the characteristics of this minority group. The data reveal that despite the efforts of teachers and interpreters in the teaching-learning process and of the inclusion of deaf students in Spanish class, most of the evaluations is not significant nor shown productive, with few contribution to these students learning. Thus, this study highlights the mismatch between the theory that supports the assessement in the additional language (Spanish) teaching in the context of this inclusive classroom and its practice. Through the registers, it was also possible to identify deaf students? explicit need of assessment practices which are more coherent with the use of language in their reality, so that theyprovide elements that can contribute to effectively assess the student performance in the Spanish language. The results of this study contribute to the literature on assessment in additional language in the context of minority languages, especially with regard to the deaf community
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Cenozoic global cooling and increased seawater Mg/Ca via reduced reverse weathering
Get PDF© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Nature Communications 8 (2017): 844, doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00853-5.Authigenic clay minerals formed on or in the seafloor occur in every type of marine sediment. They are recognized to be a major sink of many elements in the ocean but are difficult to study directly due to dilution by detrital clay minerals. The extremely low dust fluxes and marine sedimentation rates in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) provide a unique opportunity to examine relatively undiluted authigenic clay. Here, using Mg isotopes and element concentrations combined with multivariate statistical modeling, we fingerprint and quantify the abundance of authigenic clay within SPG sediment. Key reactants include volcanic ash (source of reactive aluminium) and reactive biogenic silica on or shallowly buried within the seafloor. Our results, together with previous studies, suggest that global reorganizations of biogenic silica burial over the Cenozoic reduced marine authigenic clay formation, contributing to the rise in seawater Mg/Ca and decline in atmospheric CO2 over the past 50 million years.Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation to R.W.M. (OCE1130531) and to J.A.H. (OCE1654571)
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A Mg isotopic perspective on the mobility of magnesium during serpentinization and carbonation of the Oman Ophiolite
Get PDFAuthor Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 126(2), (2021): e2020JB020237, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020237.Alteration of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite forms secondary minerals, mainly serpentine and Mg‐rich carbonates. Magnesium accounts for ∼25 – 30% of peridotite mass and its mobility can be used to trace this alteration. We report the first set of Mg isotope measurements from peridotites and their alteration products in Oman. Partially serpentinized peridotites have Mg isotope ratios that are indistinguishable from estimates for the average mantle and bulk silicate earth (δ26Mg = −0.25 ± 0.04‰). However, more extensively altered peridotite samples show large shifts in Mg isotopic composition. The range of δ26Mg values for our suite of alteration products from the mantle section is ∼4.5‰ (from −3.39‰ to 1.19‰), or >60% of the total range of terrestrial variability in δ26Mg values. Serpentine veins are typically enriched in 26Mg (max δ26Mg value = 0.96‰) whereas Mg‐carbonate veins are associated with low 26Mg/24Mg ratios (magnesite δ26Mg = −3.3‰, dolomite δ26Mg = −1.91‰). Our preferred explanation for the range in δ26Mg values involves coprecipitation of serpentine and carbonates at water‐to‐rock ratios >103. The coincidence of alteration products characterized by δ26Mg values that are both lower and higher than bulk silicate Earth and the finite 14C ages of the carbonates suggest that both serpentinization and carbonation are ongoing in Oman. Rates of calcite precipitation in travertines inferred from Δ26Mgcal‐fl suggest that travertine formation in Oman sequesters a total of 106–107 kg CO2/yr, consistent with previous estimates.This work was supported through the Sloan Foundation–Deep Carbon Observatory (Grant 2014‐3‐01, Kelemen PI), the U.S.‐National Science Foundation (NSF‐EAR‐1516300, Kelemen lead PI).2021-06-0
Exploring the attentional processes of expert performers and the impact of priming on motor skill execution
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University, 24/11/2010.It is widely acknowledged that under situations of heightened pressure, many expert athletes suffer from performance decrements. This phenomenon has been termed ‘choking under pressure’ and has been the subject of extensive research in sport psychology. Despite this attention, gaps in the literature remain leaving opportunities for further advancements in knowledge about the phenomenon, particularly in relation to its underlying processes and the development of appropriate interventions that can be adopted in order to alleviate, or even prevent choking. The present programme of research, in general terms, aimed to develop and test the efficacy of an intervention tool, based on priming, to alleviate choking under pressure. It was acknowledged that such a tool should be matched to the mechanisms that underlie the choking process and although an abundance of research has provided valuable information about these mechanisms, it was identified that there still remains a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate explanatory theory. Therefore the initial study in this thesis aimed to provide further insight into the processes that govern choking by examining accounts from elite international swimmers of their experiences of performing under high levels of pressure. The results provided further support for the postulation that choking under pressure occurs as a result of a combination of conscious processing hypothesis (Masters, 1992) and processing efficiency theory (Eysenck & Calvo, 1992) and that an optimum level of skill-focused attention is beneficial to performance. The following studies utilised this information as well as that of the existent theories of choking, to develop and examine an effective priming based intervention tool (a scrambled sentence task). Specifically, Studies 2, 3 and 4 examined the amount of residual working memory available after activation of the prime, the optimisation of the priming task and the efficacy of the tool in promoting performance under high pressure respectively. Results revealed support for the efficacy of the tool in reducing online skill-focused attention and promoting performance under both low- and high-pressure conditions. Finally, the general themes that emerged throughout the whole programme of study are discussed, as well as the limitations and recommendations for future research. Implications for coaches, athletes and practitioners are also presented
Affect intensity contributes to perfectionistic self-presentation in adolescents beyond perfectionism
Get PDFPerfectionistic self-presentation in adolescents is associated with psychological maladjustment and distress. Yet, no study so far has investigated what personality characteristics contribute to perfectionistic self-presentation in adolescence. Using a cross-sectional correlational design with 119 adolescents aged 11-16 years, this study investigated how perfectionism (self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism) and affect intensity (positive affectivity, negative intensity, and negative reactivity) predicted individual differences in three modes of perfectionistic self-presentation: perfectionistic self-promotion, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection. Results showed a unique prediction pattern for all three modes of perfectionistic self-presentation. Moreover, affect intensity contributed to perfectionistic self-presentation beyond perfectionism in two of the three modes: Perfectionistic self-promotion was predicted by high self-oriented perfectionism, high socially prescribed perfectionism, high positive affectivity, and low negative reactivity. In contrast, nondisplay of imperfection was predicted by high self-oriented perfectionism, high negative reactivity, and low positive affectivity. Nondisclosure of perfectionism was predicted by high socially prescribed perfectionism only. The findings suggest that affect intensity is a personality characteristic contributing to perfectionistic self-presentation in adolescence beyond perfectionism
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