27 research outputs found
Arbitrary Memory Improvement in Older Preschoolers Using Didactic Games
No full textAbstractThe success of a child's learning at school largely depends on his or her ability of arbitrary memorization. It is required to establish capabilities of pedagogical contribution to its improvement. The article describes successful use of didactic games for arbitrary memory improvement in older preschoolers using didactic games in the context of implementing a supplementary education program; it provides a short summary of the program and unveils the prospects of isolating children's arbitrary memory as a separate field of concern for the tutor
PROFESSIONAL-PEDAGOGICAL CULTURE OF A TEACHER: A CONCEPTUAL FIELD FOR DEFINING THE TERM
Get PDFThe article discusses the pedagogical and professional culture of a teacher, as a conceptual field for determining his professional-pedagogical culture.В статье рассматриваются педагогическая и профессиональная культура педагога как понятийное поле для определения его профессионально-педагогической культуры
PROFESSIONAL-PEDAGOGICAL CULTURE OF A TEACHER: A CONCEPTUAL FIELD FOR DEFINING THE TERM
No full textThe article discusses the pedagogical and professional culture of a teacher, as a conceptual field for determining his professional-pedagogical culture.В статье рассматриваются педагогическая и профессиональная культура педагога как понятийное поле для определения его профессионально-педагогической культуры
Features of translation of English-language veterinary texts
No full textThis study is dedicated to the analysis of the peculiarities of translating English-language veterinary texts. The aim of the research is to analyze translation transformations used when translating scientific veterinary texts from English to Russian. The study examines modern linguistic translation models, identifies the features of veterinary medical vocabulary and grammar, and analyzes translations of contemporary veterinary texts. Descriptive, frequency, linguistic, and statistical analysis methods were employed in the study. The results show how different translation methods influence the equivalence and adequacy of translation, as well as highlight the most effective approaches for translating veterinary literature. Chapter 1 focuses on the translation of scientific texts, emphasizing the problem of achieving equivalence and adequacy in translation. The description of theoretical approaches such as transformational, semantic, situational-denotative, and communicative helps to understand key principles applicable to translating veterinary medical texts. Social and cultural aspects of translation, dependent on the peculiarities of healthcare systems and intercultural differences, are also emphasized. Chapter 2 analyzes methods of translating veterinary medical texts, with a focus on lexical and grammatical transformations, as well as considering the lexical density and diversity of texts.Данное исследование посвящено анализу особенностей перевода англоязычных текстов ветеринарной тематики. Цель исследования – анализ переводческих трансформаций, используемых при переводе научных текстов по ветеринарной тематике с английского языка на русский. В рамках работы изучены современные лингвистические модели перевода, выявлены особенности ветеринарной медицинской лексики и грамматики, а также проведен анализ переводов современных ветеринарных текстов. В ходе исследования использовались методы описательного, частотного, лингвистического и статистического анализа. Результаты показывают, как различные переводческие методы влияют на эквивалентность и адекватность перевода, а также выделяют наиболее эффективные подходы для перевода ветеринарной литературы. Глава 1 посвящена вопросам перевода научных текстов, акцентируя внимание на проблеме достижения эквивалентности и адекватности перевода. Описание теоретических подходов, таких как трансформационный, семантический, ситуативно-денотативный и коммуникативный, позволяет понять ключевые принципы, применимые в переводе ветеринарных медицинских текстов. Также акцентируется внимание на социальных и культурных аспектах перевода, зависящих от особенностей систем здравоохранения и межкультурных различий. В главе 2 проведен анализ методов перевода ветеринарных медицинских текстов с акцентом на лексико-грамматические трансформации, а также рассмотрены лексическая плотность и разнообразие текстов
Study on Hemostimulating Properties of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor
Get PDFThe hemostimulating properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) make possible its clinical use in alleviating side effects of anti-cancer radio- and chemotherapy, in bone marrow transplantation, and in the treatment of some primary immunodeficiency conditions associated with leukopenia. The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing has developed a high-performance technology for production of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) based on a recombinant E. coli strain. The aim of the study was to assess hemostimulating activity of the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology, as observed in cell culture and in the mice model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide administration. Materials and methods: in vitro evaluation of rhGM-CSF hemostimulating activity was performed by MTT assay in the commercial HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell culture with preliminary suppression of cell growth rate by adding a low concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide to the medium. In vivo studies were carried out in CBA/CaLac mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. The hemostimulating properties of the drug were evaluated after subcutaneous administration of 1–175 µg/kg doses for 4–5 days, following administration of a cytostatic agent. The total number of leukocytes and the content of their morphological forms were determined in blood samples taken at different time points after the drug administration. The statistical processing of the experimental data was based on analysis of variance using Statgraphics v. 5.0 software. Results: the proliferative activity of HL-60 cells incubated with the rhGM-CSF preparation for 72 hours was shown to be dose-dependent. The highest values of the increase in proliferative activity associated with an increase in the drug dose were observed in the concentration range from 0.04 to 0.64 ng/mL (proliferative activity increased by 11–18% when the dose was increased twofold). The experiments in mice demonstrated a two-phase pattern of the dose-dependent effect. The drug showed the highest hemostimulating effect at the dose of 90 µg/kg. Conclusions: the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology has a pronounced hemostimulating activity confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo test systems
Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in the Delivery System
Get PDFThe main problems of using TNF-alpha in antitumor therapy are its rapid degradation in the bloodstream and the limited selectivity of accumulation in the tumor tissue. The SRC VB «Vector» developed a biodegradable molecular construct that provides protection against proteases and ensures targeted delivery of proteins to the tumor tissue. This construct was used to create an antitumor drug containing recombinant human TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha).The aim of the study was to analyse rhTNF-alpha pharmacokinetics in the delivery system after a single administration.Materials and methods: the rhTNF-alpha drug carried by the delivery system was intravenously administered to female outbred ICR (СD-1) mice only once at two effective antitumor doses, 2.55 μg and 5.1 μg / 20 g of body weight. The concentration of TNF-alpha in the serum and supernatants of organ homogenates, obtained at different time points after administration, was analysed by immunoenzyme assay.Results: the obtained curves of TNF-alpha concentration in the blood were satisfactorily described by the equation for the twocompartment model without absorption. The rapid phase of elimination from the blood took 0–4 h, the slow one — 4–24 h. The highest specific content of protein was observed in the skin, spleen, and kidneys tissue. The calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated that the highest values of tissue availability fT were obtained for the kidneys and skin; the drug was retained for longer periods of time in the kidneys, liver and skin (according to the MRT data). As a rule, complete elimination of the drug was observed by the end of the first day after administration.Conclusions: rhTNF-alpha carried by the delivery system was quickly eliminated from the blood and distributed in the internal organ tissues after a single intravenous administration to mice in the effective doses range. The main organs in which rhTNF-alpha was distributed were skin, kidneys, and spleen. The elimination of the drug from the blood was a two-phase process which was generally over by the end of the first day
Понимание различий между многокультурными и кросс-культурными сообществами
Get PDFЦелью данного исследования является теоретический обзор и сравнительный анализ характерных черт многокультурных и кросс-культурных сообществ, поиск черт сходства и различия.The purpose of this study is a theoretical review and comparative analysis of the characteristics of multicultural and cross-cultural communities, the search for traits of similarity and difference
Stimulating effect of double-stranded yeast RNA on the activity of interferon system genes
Get PDFInfluence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast upon expression levels of the macrophage genes encoding TLR3 receptor, interferons alpha and beta (IFNα, IFNβ), 2’,5’-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and protein kinase R (PKR) enzymes has been studied in the J774 mouse histiocytic cell culture and in vivo in Balb/c mice. It has been shown that dsRNA exerts a selective activating effect on genes of TLR3 receptor, antiviral proteins IFNα, IFNβ, and OAS, both in vitro and in vivo. With J774 cell culture, the highest induction capacity was observed for the IFNβ gene: 365 to 802-fold. The stimulatory effect was dependent on the dose of dsRNA in the range of 16.9 to 125 μg/ml. The preparation enhanced IFNα gene activity to lesser degree (more than 10-fold), TLR3 and OAS (3 to 4-fold), while the expression levels for these genes were not significantly dependent on the dose of dsRNA. The stimulating effect of dsRNA was dosedependent in murine peritoneal macrophages. The maximum activating effect of the preparation was shown upon administration of the effective antiviral dose (0.5 mg of dsRNA/kg). Five hours after intraperitoneal injection of dsRNA, the highest level of mRNA synthesis was observed for IFNα (54-fold), OAS (43-fold) and TLR3 (28-fold) genes. Expression of the IFNβ gene increased to a lesser degree (9-fold). An increase in the dose of preparation to 1.5 mg/kg led to decrease of the stimulatory effect. Expression levels of the IFNα, TLR3, and OAS genes in that case decreased by 2-4-fold as compared to a lower dose, and the PKR gene expression was 5-fold lower compared to the control. One day after dsRNA administration, a tendency was observed for both experimental groups towards a decreased transcription of macrophage genes, if compared with the 5-hour term. The weakening of gene activity was less pronounced in animals treated with dsRNA at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg. The transcription indices for IFNβ, OAS, and TLR3 genes were much higher during this period (5-10-fold higher than the control values). The dynamics of PKR gene transcription in both experimental systems was significantly different from the expression of other studied genes. The dsRNA preparation at this dose range did not have a pronounced stimulatory effect upon expression of this gene. A moderate increase in PKR gene activity in macrophages of mice was observed only a day following intraperitoneal administration of dsRNA. Concentrations and length of dsRNA molecules are known to be critical factors to the PKR gene activation. An ability to increase the expression of the gene is shown at low dsRNA concentrations (10-7 g/ml and below), while highly polymeric dsRNAs weaken the gene activity. Since the doses and concentrations of dsRNA used in our experiments were significantly different from those mentioned above, it could, in general, affect regulation of PKR gene transcription towards reduction of the stimulatory effect
Исследование гемостимулирующих свойств рекомбинантного гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора человека
Get PDFThe hemostimulating properties of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) make possible its clinical use in alleviating side effects of anti-cancer radio- and chemotherapy, in bone marrow transplantation, and in the treatment of some primary immunodeficiency conditions associated with leukopenia. The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing has developed a high-performance technology for production of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) based on a recombinant E. coli strain. The aim of the study was to assess hemostimulating activity of the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology, as observed in cell culture and in the mice model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide administration. Materials and methods: in vitro evaluation of rhGM-CSF hemostimulating activity was performed by MTT assay in the commercial HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell culture with preliminary suppression of cell growth rate by adding a low concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide to the medium. In vivo studies were carried out in CBA/CaLac mice with cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. The hemostimulating properties of the drug were evaluated after subcutaneous administration of 1–175 µg/kg doses for 4–5 days, following administration of a cytostatic agent. The total number of leukocytes and the content of their morphological forms were determined in blood samples taken at different time points after the drug administration. The statistical processing of the experimental data was based on analysis of variance using Statgraphics v. 5.0 software. Results: the proliferative activity of HL-60 cells incubated with the rhGM-CSF preparation for 72 hours was shown to be dose-dependent. The highest values of the increase in proliferative activity associated with an increase in the drug dose were observed in the concentration range from 0.04 to 0.64 ng/mL (proliferative activity increased by 11–18% when the dose was increased twofold). The experiments in mice demonstrated a two-phase pattern of the dose-dependent effect. The drug showed the highest hemostimulating effect at the dose of 90 µg/kg. Conclusions: the rhGM-CSF preparation obtained using the new developed technology has a pronounced hemostimulating activity confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo test systems. Гемостимулирующие свойства гранулоцитарно-макрофагального колониестимулирующего фактора (ГМ-КСФ) позволяют использовать его в клинике для снижения побочных эффектов радио- и химиотерапии онкологических заболеваний, при трансплантации костного мозга, для лечения некоторых первичных иммунодефицитных состояний, связанных с лейкопенией. В ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора разработана высокопроизводительная технология получения рекомбинантного ГМ-КСФ человека (рчГМ-КСФ) на основе рекомбинантного штамма E. coli. Цель работы: изучение гемостимулирующей активности препарата рекомбинантного ГМ-КСФ человека, полученного по разработанной технологии, в культуре клеток и на модели миелосупрессии у мышей, вызванной введением циклофосфана. Материалы и методы: оценку гемостимулирующей активности рчГМ-КСФ in vitro проводили с использованием МТТ-теста на коммерческой культуре клеток промиелоцитарной лейкемии HL-60, скорость роста которых предварительно подавляли добавлением в среду низкой концентрации диметилсульфоксида. Исследования in vivo проводили на мышах линии СВА/Calaс в условиях миелосупрессии, вызванной введением циклофосфана. Гемостимулирующие свойства препарата оценивали при его подкожном введении в диапазоне доз от 1 до 175 мкг/кг в течение 4–5 суток после введения цитостатика. В образцах крови, взятых в разные сроки после введения, определяли общее количество лейкоцитов и содержание их морфологических форм. Данные эксперимента обрабатывали методами вариационной статистики с помощью пакета программ Statgraphics, v. 5.0. Результаты: пролиферативная активность клеток HL-60, инкубированных с препаратом рчГМ-КСФ в течение 72 ч, носила дозозависимый характер. Наиболее высокие значения повышения пролиферативной активности при увеличении дозы препарата наблюдались в диапазоне концентраций от 0,04 до 0,64 нг/мл (прирост значений показателя при двукратном увеличении дозы составлял 11–18%). В экспериментах на мышах продемонстрирован двухфазный характер дозовой зависимости эффекта. Наибольшую гемостимулирующую активность препарат проявлял в дозе 90 мкг/кг. Выводы: препарат рчГМ-КСФ, полученный по разработанной технологии, обладает выраженной гемостимулирующей активностью, подтвержденной в системах in vitro и in vivo
