1,720,962 research outputs found
Coding of goal-directed actions in ventrolateral prefrontal and ventral premotor cortex
No full textVentrolateral prefrontal (VLPF) cortex is deemed to play a number of motor-related functions, but its contribution to the organization of goal-directed natural actions is still unknown. Here we recorded VLPF and ventral premotor (area F5) neurons of one monkey in a task in which an object or a piece of food elicited two different actions, grasp-to-place or grasp-to-eat, respectively. We analysed 342 VLPF and 222 F5 task-related neurons. Most (45%) of VLPF neurons responded to target presentation, 9% activated only during reaching-grasping, while 29% discharged during both visual presentation and movement execution. Nearly all F5 neurons discharged during motor execution. Fifty-three percent of them also activated during target presentation. Interestingly, although a visual and motor selectivity for the type of target was rare in VLPF single neurons, a clear preference for the object with respect to food emerged at the population level, both during target presentation and motor execution. In contrast, F5 single neurons showed a differential, action goal-dependent, discharge during visual presentation (33%) and during grasping execution (50%). Together with previous findings, these results suggest that goal-directed natural actions might be mainly organized by parieto-premotor circuits, by activating specific motor sequences afforded by the type of target object. In contrast, VLPF might play a role when the action has to be learned through an explicit training process
Long-term prognosis in stable angina; medical treatment or coronary revascularization in patients younger than 70years?
No full textBackground: Literature on the appropriateness of coronary revascularization in chronic angina is still scanty. The study aimed to compare long-term effects of revascularization with those of medical therapy in stable angina.
Methods: In an observational single center study, we assessed 10 year follow-up of 1442 consecutive patients with chronic angina, at least one coronary vessel disease, no previous myocardial infarction, screened for inducible ischemia. Patients > 70 years were excluded. The event-free probabilities were estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves; all cause death, cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction were the considered end points.
Results: Age was 56 +/- 8 yrs. Global left ventricular function was preserved in all. Myocardial ischemia was documented in 1190 patients. Coronary disease was more severe in patients with inducible ischemia as compared to those with negative stress test (p < 0.001); 868 patients underwent one revascularization procedure, 511 coronary angioplasty. Median follow-up was 106 months; 13% all cause deaths, 8% cardiac deaths, 6% non-fatal myocardial infarction were registered. When provocative test was negative revascularization did not improve survival (1% per year mortality irrespective of type of treatment). Conversely survival was significantly improved by revascularization when ischemia was documented (0.7% vs 1.8% per year mortality for revascularization vs medical therapy, p < 0.05). Incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction was low and similar in both groups.
Conclusion: In low-risk chronic angina coronary revascularization does not improve long-term prognosis unless inducible myocardial ischemia is present. This suggests considering coronary revascularization as an effective tool in treating coronary artery disease only when myocardial ischemia has been documented
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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