1,720,974 research outputs found
Relations of the public prosecutor’s offices with security bodies in Silesian Province 1945–1947
No full textW artykule przedstawiono wzajemne relacje między prokuraturami powszechnymi a organami bezpieczeństwa (Milicją Obywatelską i urzędami bezpieczeństwa publicznego) w woj. śląskim w pierwszych latach Polski „ludowej” (1945–1947). Omówiono w szczególności zagadnienia dotyczące stosunków wynikających z prowadzonych postępowań przygotowawczych (śledztw i dochodzeń), nadzoru nad wykonywaniem orzeczonych kar pozbawienia wolności, problematyki niskiego poziomu merytorycznego funkcjonariuszy MO i UB w zakresie wiedzy prawniczej oraz wynikającego z tego angażowania się prokuratorów w działalność dydaktyczną. Podjęto m.in. kwestię sporów kompetencyjnych między prokuratorami a funkcjonariuszami MO i UB. Bazę źródłową tekstu stanowią przede wszystkim sprawozdania prokuratorów sądów okręgowych apelacji katowickiej adresowane do prokuratora Sądu Apelacyjnego w Katowicach oraz wojewody śląskiego.The article presents the mutual relations between the public prosecutor’s offices and the security bodies (Citizens’ Militia and offices of the Ministry of Public Security) in Silesian Province in the first years of “people’s” Poland (1945–1947). In particular, it discusses issues concerning relations arising from pre-trial investigations (investigations and prosecutions), the supervision of the execution of sentences of imprisonment, the problem of the low professional level of MO (Citizens’ Militia) and UB (Security Office) officers in terms of legal knowledge and the resulting involvement of prosecutors in teaching activities. Among other things, the issue of competence disputes between prosecutors and MO and UB officers was addressed. The source base for the text are primarily reports from the prosecutors of the Katowice District Courts of Appeal addressed to the prosecutor of the Court of Appeal in Katowice and to the Silesian provincial governor
The activities of Primate Stefan Wyszyński from the perspective of the security apparatus
No full textFunkcjonariusze aparatu bezpieczeństwa, którzy inwigilowali prymasa Stefana Wyszyńskiego przez cały okres jego urzędowania, kreślili uproszczoną wizję jego działalności, zredukowaną do aktywności na płaszczyźnie politycznej i społecznej. Podkreślali jego antykomunistyczne nastawienie, odnotowując przy tym systematycznie „wrogie” wystąpienia. Zwracano uwagę na centralizm i autokratyzm w zarządzaniu Kościołem, ale równocześnie dostrzegano w nim osobowość wielkiego formatu oraz człowieka oddanego bez reszty Kościołowi. Pod sam koniec życia prymasa aparat bezpieczeństwa kreślił już nieco inny jego obraz, wskazując na jego patriotyzm, zdolność do porozumienia i polityczny rozsądek.The functionaries of the security apparatus, who kept Primate Stefan Wyszyński under surveillance throughout his term in office, drew a simplified vision of his activities, reduced to the political and social sphere. They emphasized his anti-communist attitude, noting at the same time systematically “hostile” speeches. Attention was paid to his centralism and autocratic management of the Church, but at the same time he was perceived as a personality of great format, completely devoted to the Church. At the very end of his life, the security apparatus painted a slightly different picture of the Primate, pointing to his patriotism, ability to reach agreement and political sense
Postawy moralne ludności powiatu rybnickiego w okresie okupacji hitlerowskiej 1939–1945: Sprawozdanie z prac badawczych w Archiwum Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu w Warszawie
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Actions against the Catholic Church in Polish People’s Republic till 1953
No full textIn the years 1944–1948, the authorities of communist Poland, for tactical reasons abstained from direct attacks on the Catholic Church. After the establishment of the authorities’ structures and once the political opposition and armed forces underground were defeated, systematic restriction on the influence of the Church begun. Back then, the Catholic Church was the only independent social institution in the country. What was attacked then was, among others, religious education in schools (religious education, crosses and catechists were removed from schools, Catholic education was limited), catholic organisations, charitable and care activities of the Church (at the beginning of 1950, the state took over “Caritas” and kindergartens, children’s homes, hospitals were taken from the Church) as well as publishing activities (Catholic press releases were being restricted). The repressions were hindered by the signature of the Church-State Agreement in April 1950. When in 1952, the activities aimed at the removal of religious education from schools were intensified, several dozens of theological seminaries were dissolved and some of the boarding-schools run by the Church were taken over, then Primate Stefan Wyszyński defined the relations between the Church and the State as a “state of emergency”
Tomasz Kruszewski, Partia Narodowosocjalistyczna na Śląsku w latach 1933–1945. Organizacja i działalność
Full text link
Zygmunt Woźniczka, Katowice 1945–1950. Pierwsze powojenne lata. Polityka – społeczeństwo – kultura, Muzeum Historii Katowic, Katowice 2004, ss. 512
No full text- …
