93,577 research outputs found
The effects of surface defects on the fatigue of water and oil lubricated contacts
No full textA study into effects of surface defects on the rolling contact fatigue of brass and rail steel has been undertaken on a twin-disc rolling-sliding test machine with both oil and water lubrication. Furrows and dents were artificially introduced into the disc surfaces, and surface microcracks and pits were monitored by means of surface replication. The results showed that artificial dents only reduce the fatigue life of the contact with oil, but not water lubrication. With oil lubrication the fatigue failure initiates at the surface defect. However, with water as a lubricant the whole of the surface undergoes cracking with the defect having no preferential effect. The possible mechanisms behind this behaviour are discussed in this pape
Evaluation of human-animal relationship (HAR) in dairy goats
No full textThe aim of this study was to set up a valid, feasible and reliable test to measure the quality of the HAR in on-farm dairy goats’ welfare assessment protocols. Twelve commercial dairy farms in Northern Italy were selected and classified as “good” (n=6) and “poor” (n=6) HAR on the basis of reports from local veterinarians, confirmed by a survey about farmers’ attitude. HAR was measured by: snorting – the number of alert sounds; voluntary approach (VA) test – in a stationary situation, the latency to the first contact by goat and the % of goats that entered in contact with the observer and within a 1.5 m radius around him were recorded; avoidance distance (AD) test – the avoidance distance from a moving person and the % of tested goats, of contacts with the observer followed by withdrawal or acceptances of gentle stroke were recorded. Snorts were rarely and random expressed, so they do not seem suitable to be included in a protocol. A PCA was performed to confirm the validity of the variables recorded and to select the most promising indicators. The considered variables were able to discriminate between “good” and “poor” HAR farms. Latency to first contact seems a valid and feasible indicator (One-way ANOVA: P=0.01). This indicator is easy to perform and the VA-test might be stopped immediately after the first contact, saving time. Other variables resulted valid, but they were more time consuming or required a more specific training: % tested goats (P=0.006), AD mean (P=0.016), % contacts (P=0.006), % acceptance (P=0.003). Our preliminary results suggest that the latency to first contact is a promising indicator of HAR, that can be supported by other indicators if more deepened evaluation is required. In collaboration with WP3, the indicators developed in Italy were tested in a controlled experimental situation at SRUC facilities (Edinburgh) on 40 goats subjected to different HAR treatments (positive, neutral, negative). Data analysis is still on going
Disc machine testing to assess the life of surface-damaged railway track
No full textWheel-rail contacts operate in an arduous and contaminated environment. Railway track running surfaces can become damaged either prior to or during operation. This work is aimed at understanding how that surface damage can affect the life of railway track. Pre-damaged surfaces and track damaged by the entrainment of solid contaminants are considered under both oil and water lubrication. A series of small-scale laboratory experiments has been carried out on a twin-disc rolling-sliding test machine. The test discs are artificially indented and run under typical wheel-rail contact conditions. The experimental results revealed that artificial dents only reduce the fatigue life of the contact under oil, but not water lubrication. With oil lubrication the fatigue failure initiates close to the location of the surface defect. However, with water as the lubricant the whole of the surface undergoes cracking with the defect having no preferential effect. Studies have also been carried out to investigate the damage caused by the entrainment of solid particles into the wheel-rail contact. This kind of damage can accelerate surface fatigue and also lead to excessive wear. An attempt has been made to quantify the wear process and develop a simple empirical model
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Erratum: All-sky search for gravitational-wave bursts in the first joint LIGO-GEO-Virgo run (Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology (2010) 81 (102001))
No full textThis paper was published online on 5 May 2010 with an omission in the Collaboration author list. S. Dwyer has been
added as of 12 April 2012. The Collaboration author list is incorrect in the printed version of the journal
Erratum: Search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence in LIGO and Virgo data from S5 and VSR1 (Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology)
No full textThis paper was published online on 5 November 2010 with an omission in the Collaboration author list. S. Dwyer has
been added as of 12 April 2012. The Collaboration author list is incorrect in the printed version of the journal
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Using efficiency, equity, and voice for defining job quality and legal regulation for achieving it
No full textTo establish dimensions and measures of job quality, an underlying framework is needed
to serve as a guide for identifying what is considered important. Many frameworks are
possible. For example, an approach rooted in economic theorizing would identify income and other economic aspects of work as key elements of job quality. The approach
in this chapter is to use the objectives of the employment relationship as a framework for
crafting dimensions and measures of job quality. In other words, questioning what the
employment relationship is intended to produce provides an important framework for
identifying the important elements of job qualit
Securing XML documents with author-X
No full textAuthor-X is a Java-based system that addresses the security issues of access control and policy design for XML document administration. Author-X supports the specification of policies at varying granularity levels and the specification of user credentials as a way to enforce access control. Access control is available according to both push and pull document distribution policies, and document updates are distributed through a combination of hash functions and digital signature techniques. The Author-X approach to distributed updates allows a user to verify a document's integrity without contacting the document server
Bibliographics for the 983 eprints in the live archives of E-LIS : trends and status report up to 7th July 2004, based on author-self-archiving metadata
No full textThe priority for ideas and philosophy related to "Network Theory" have been traced back and documented by Braun(2004),and credit goes to Karinthy(1929).The IT has empowered to realise it, as the most practical phenomena and it is no more a humour. The OAI (Open Archives Initiatives)and ACIS (Academic Contributor Information System)are progressive in the direction ,which may lead to realise the "Collective Genius" at global level. Focus of present study is on Author-Self-Archiving (A-S-A)Metadata of the 983 Eprints in the Live Archives of the E-LIS (EPrints of Library and Information Science),which were approved till 7th July 2004.The A-S-A Metadata was used for librametric analysis. Self-explanatory bibliographics are illustrated.The highlights include: Conference papers (34%); highest approval, June 2004 (28%); published archives (76%);not refereed (52%); not in public domain (60%); highest self-archiving-author (De Robbio, Antonella).The Nos. of EPrints having single JITA domain specifications were: Theoretical and general aspects of libraries and information(27); Information use and sociology of information(80);Users,literacy and reading(13);Libraries as physical collections(30);Publishing and legal issues(57);Management(13);Industry, profession and education(36);Information sources, supports, channels(113) ; Information treatment for information services, Information functions and techniques (101); Technical services libraries, archives and museums(25); Housing technologies(1); Information technology and library technology(92); and Inter-domainery (395) i.e. having specifications of two or more than two JITA classes
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