342 research outputs found
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, SKIN IRRITAION POTENTIAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CLOVE LEAF OIL FROM WEST JAVA INDONESIA
Get PDFANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, SKIN IRRITATON POTENTIAL, AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CLOVE LEAF OIL FROM WEST JAVA INDONESIA. Essential oils with specific chemical compositions have the potential as a source of antioxidants in cosmetics, however, in general, essential oils are not safe because of the potential for skin irritation. This study aims is to perform fractionation to obtain clove oil with a chemical composition that is safe on the skin and does not reduce its antioxidant activity. Fractionation was performed at a temperature of 100 – 285 oC. Chemical composition was determined by Mass Chromatography Spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity by DPPH method, and irritation potential by in-vivo patch test. The results showed chemical components of clove oil were eugenol, copaene, beta caryophyllene, iso-eugenol, alpha caryophyllene, cadinene, caryophyllene oxide, caryophylla and beta caryophylla. Fractions with chemical compositions of eugenol and beta caryophyllene as the main components and copaene, iso-eugenol, alpha caryophyllene, cadinene as secondary components have very light erythema and no potential irritation to the skin. The fraction produced from the fractionation of crude clove oil at a temperature of 235 – 260 oC has the highest antioxidant activity of 10.17 mg/L
Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar’ın romanlarında kadın
No full text1864-1944 yılları arasında yaşayan Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, Türk edebiyatına romancı kimliğiyle damgasını vurmuştur. Ahmet Mithat ekolünü devam ettiren, konusunu yerli hayattan alan Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar'ın eserleri, okuyucu tarafından büyük ilgiyle karşılanmıştır. Yazarın romanlarını kaleme aldığı yıllarda Türk tarihinde pek çok sosyal ve siyasî değişiklik meydana gelmiş, bu değişiklikler Hüseyin Rahmi'nin romanlarına geniş ölçüde yansıma imkânı bulmuştur. Onun romanlarında yerli hayattan alınmış canlı tipler ve sahneler mevcuttur. Bu sebeple Hüseyin Rahmi'nin eserleri sosyolojik araştırmalar için önemli bir malzeme sunmaktadır. Yazarın kaleme aldığı 41 romana baktığımızda, kadın karakterler sayıca fazladır ve çoğu romanın olay örgüsü içinde ön plânda gelmektedir. Kadını toplumun önemli bir unsuru kabul eden Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, yaşadığı dönemdeki kadın hayatını sorgulamış, devrine göre ileri sayılabilecek fikirleriyle kadınların karşılaştığı her türlü meseleyi ele almıştır. Yazarın romanlarında devriyle çatışma içinde olan ve alışılagelmiş olanı kabul etmeyen pek çok kadın kahraman yer almaktadır. Yazar bunlar vasıtasıyla toplum içinde kadın hayatının sınırlarının ne olması gerektiğini okuyucuya vermektedir. Biz de bu sebeple tezimizde yazarın romanlarındaki kadın konusunu ele aldık. Roman merkezli yapılan çalışmamızda, romanların kaleme alındığı tarihî süreç göz önünde bulundurulmuş, bu doğrultuda kadının sosyal hayatta karşılaştığı meseleler belli başlıklar etrafında toplanmış ve -romanlarda temas edildiği kadarıyla- zamanla meydana gelen değişimlere yer verilmiştir. Romanlarda kadınlarla ilgili karşımıza çıkan pek çok ayrıntı, kadın konusunda yapılmış araştırmalardaki bilgilerle de desteklenmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar, kadın, sosyal hayat, evlilik, aile, çalışma hayatı, bâtıl inanç.WOMEN IN THE HÜSEYİN RAHMİ GÜRPINAR’S NOVELS Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar (1864-1944) made a great impact on Turkish literature with his novels. Carrying on the Ahmet Mithat school, his work of art, which bases on the local social life, gained great attention from the readers. During the period that the author wrote his novels, many social and political alterations took place in the Turkish history and these changes have shown large reflections on his work. Local and lively figures and scenes are presented in his novels. That is why Hüseyin Rahmi’s works provide a regardable source for sociologic researches. In the 41 novels of the author, the female characters outnumber male characters and the focuses of the plots are usually based on them. Acknowledging woman as an important element of the society, Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar questioned the women’s life at his time, and he touched on each problem of women with a relatively progressive perspective. Many women that conflict with their social roles and not accept the habitual ones are included in his novels. Over those characters the author discusses what the limits of women’s life within the society should be. That is why we choose the presence of women on the author’s novels as the subject of our thesis. In our novel-centric work, the historical process that the novels were written was taken into consideration, with this perspective the problems that woman face in the social life were classified under certain topics, and the alterations that happened in time were included – as far as they were included in the novels. Many details about women in the novels were supported with information gained from researches on the subject of women. seyin Rahmi Gürpınar, women, social life, marriage, family, work life, superstitions
PEMAKAIAN CHELATING MONOLITH SEBAGAI SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION (SPME) TRACE ELEMEN DI DALAM AIR
Get PDF ABSTRACT A syringe-based sample pretreatment tool, named herein “chelating monolith”, has been developed for simple and facile solid phase microextraction (SPME) of trace elements in natural waters. The monolith was directly prepared within the confines of a commercially available syringe filter tip by a two-step process: 1) in situ polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) and 2) subsequent modification with iminodiacetate (IDA) via ring opening reaction of epoxide. The composition of porogenic solvent was first optimized to make a rigid-porous material that has high permeability and ample surface area as much as possible. Then, the pH and concentration of the IDA modification solution were examined to obtain higher chelating capacity. The metal adsorption properties of the obtained chelating monolith were evaluated through an adsorption/desorption experiment. After optimization of some parameters such as sample solution pH, eluent concentration and the volume, good recoveries of more than 80% were obtained for 28 elements including REEs, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Pb and Th in a single extraction step. The proposed SPME method was validated through the analysis of river water certified reference material (CRM: JSAC 0301-1) Keywords: Solid phase microextraction; syringe filter; chelating monolith; iminodiacetate; ICP-MS</jats:p
Lemak Padat Nanopartikel; Sintesis Dan Aplikasi
Get PDFSaat ini di dunia banyak peneliti yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan nanoteknologi. Salah satu pendekatan nanoteknologi di bidang farmasi adalah lemak padat nanopartikel (Solid Lipid Nanoparticle/SLN). SLN merupakan sistem koloid pembawa untuk mengontrol perbaikan susunan kimia tubuh. Tulisan ini menampilkan secara umum metode pembuatan SLN dan penerapannya di industri farmasi. Ada tiga metode yang paling banyak dipakai para peneliti untuk memproduksi SLN yaitu homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi (High Speed Homogenation/HSH), homogenisasi tekanan tinggi (High Pressure Homogenation/HPH) dan emulsifikasi dengan pelarut (SE). Di lain pihak, SLN berfungsi sebagai kimia penstabil senyawa yang sensitif terhadap sinar, oksidasi dan hidrasi. Selain itu SLN dapat mengurangi efek samping dari pemakaian mineral nanopartikel sebagai anti UV dan polimer nanopartikel sebagai pembawa obat. Dari hasil beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa SLN yang terbuat dari asam lemak esensial terbukti dapat mengurangi dampak bahaya dan racun
Aminasi Hyperbranched Polyglycerol (HPG) Dengan Gas Amonia
No full textHyperbranched polyglycerol amine (HPG-amina) adalah salah satu senyawa amin yang berpotensi diterapkan pada berbagai industri. Saat ini HPG-amina disintesis dari proses aminasi HPG dengan diethylamine melalui reaksi tosilasi. Metoda ini sulit bila ditingkatkan menjadi skala industri dan juga kurang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan proses aminasi dengan menggunakan gas amonia dalam reaktor tertutup. Penambahan katalis logam Fe dan Ni, suhu reaksi dan waktu proses berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil uji gugus fungsi HPG-amina yang diproses dengan penambahan katalis Ni pada suhu 100 oC selama 8 jam menunjukkan adanya kandungan amina primer –CONH2 dan amina sekunder R-NH dengan kandungan N total sebesar 6,7 ppm dan amonia bebas sebesar 3,4 ppm. Aminasi yang dilakukan tanpa penambahan katalis dan penambahan katalis Fe menghasilkan HPG-amina dengan sedikit gugus R-NH dan C=O yang belum bereaksi dengan amonia. Suhu proses di atas 100 oC menjadikan HPG-amina berwarna lebih gelap dan bahkan terlihat keruh. Proses yang dilakukan lebih dari 8 jam menurunkan kandungan N total menjadi 5,8 ppm.</p
Development of Preconcentration Tools and Techniques for \nHighly Sensitive Multielement Analysis of Natural Water by Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
No full text名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士（工学）（課程）学位授与年月日:平成21年3月25
Stabilisasi Dan Kemungkinan Penggunaan Kembali (Reuse) Lumpur B3 Industri Elektroplating
No full textSludge from waste water treatment of electroplating industry contains hazardous waste. Before sludge is dumped to landfill it's need treatment to reduce hazard matter. One of general treatment is sludge stabilization by adding cement and sand to get concrete block. From these research shows that sand is playing important role in binding heavy metal in cement. The mixing between sand, cement and sludge I: I: 2 as per standard for landfill (PP. no 85, 1999) can stabilized sludge but can not reuse as a building material because still contains heavy metal
Review Dendrimer : Definisi, Sintesis, Aplikasi Dan Prospektif
No full textDendrimer merupakan makrostruktur monodisperse dengan banyak cabang yang homogen dan degree of branching (DB) 100%. Dua cara sintesis dendrimer yaitu convergent dan divergent dilakukan. Convergent dilakukan dengan reaksi kovalen antara dua dan lebih monomer. Divergent dimulai dengan pembentukan inti dilanjutkan dengan pembentukan cabang yang merupakan group fungsional yang aktif. Sejauh ini dendrimer sudah banyak diterapkan pada bidang farmasi yaitu drug delivery dan non farmasi pada proses industri sebagai katalis. Katalis dendrimer dapat dikembangkan lagi pada teknologi membran, penyangga katalis, membran reaktor, katalis yang selektif dan menjadi fasa pemindahan katalis. Dendrimer dengan struktur yang unik berpotensi dikembangkan pada bidang lain seperti pigmen/pewarna, perekat, dan bahan tambahan dalam bahan kimia. Selain itu dendrimer juga dapat diaplikasi pada bidang elektronik, LCD, dan berbagai biodendrimer. Sumber alam Indonesia seperti mineral dan hayati dapat dikembangakan menjadi dendrimer seperti glicerol menjadi hyperbranch glycerol yang dapat diaplikasinya menjadi peyangga katalis. </div
Development of Preconcentration Tools and Techniques for \nHighly Sensitive Multielement Analysis of Natural Water by Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
Get PDF名古屋大学Nagoya University博士(工学)名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士（工学）（課程）学位授与年月日:平成21年3月25日doctoral thesi
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