1,720,979 research outputs found
Biodegradation Of Pahs In Soil By Two Deuteromycete Fungi
No full textThe fungal strains used is this work, namely, 984 and 1040, were isolated fr om soil samples collected at the Jureia-Itatins Ecological Reserve, São Paulo-Brazil. Following microscopical examinations these strains were classified as Aspergillus sp. (984) and Verticillium sp. (1040). The degradation of PAHs in soil contaminated with 5 mg naphthalene/g soil; 1,0 mg anthracene/g soil or 0,5 mg pyrene and/or benzo[a]pyrene/g soil, was verified. These strains were grown in wheatbran:water for 3 days, inoculated in sterilized and non-sterilized soil, and cultivated for 2,4, 6, and 8 weeks. The PAHs were then extracted and degradation was determined by HPLC. The best degradation, in sterilized soil was obtained after 8 weeks for the two strains: naphthalene (64.50-65.43%), anthracene (77.35-85.83%) and pyrene (73.01-78.78%). When benzo[a]pyrene was used the best degradation shown by strain 984 was 89.62% in six weeks and 78.06% by strain 1040 in eight weeks. In non-sterilized soil the strains exhibited lower growth and degradation than in sterilized soil, with the exception for benzo[a]pyrene (82.3-82.6%). Our results indicate that these two fungal strains have potential for application in the bioremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.91320Anderson, B.E., Henrysson, T., Accumulation and degradation of dead -end metabolites during treatment of soil contamined with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with five strains of white-rot fungi (1996) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 46, pp. 647-652Andersson, B.E., Welinder, L., Olsson, P.A., Olsson, S., Henrysson, T., Growth of inoculated white -rot fungi and their interactions with the bacterial community in soil contaminated with poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as measured by phospholipid fatty acids (2000) Biores. Technol., 73, pp. 29-36Canet, R., Lopez-real, J., Beck, A.J., Overview of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation by white-rot fungi (1999) Land Contam. Reclam., 7, pp. 191-197Canet, R., Birrnstingl, J.G., Malcom, D.G., Real-Lopez, J.M., Beck, A.J., Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by native microflora and combinations of white-rot fungi in a coal-tar contamined soil (2001) Biores. Technol., 76, pp. 113-117Clemente, A.R., Anazawa, T.A., Durrant, L.R., Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by soil fungi (2001) Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 32 (4), pp. 255-261. , BrasilClemente, A.R., Durrant, L.R., Degradation of PAHS by soil fungi with potential for bioremediation (2003) Proceedings in Situ and on -Site Bioremediation - The Seventh International Symposium, , Alleman, B. C. & Leeson, A. Eds., Columbus, Ohio, Battelle PressConte, P., Zena, A., Pilidis, G., Piccolo, A., Increased retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils induced by soil treatment with humic substances (2001) Environ. Pollut., 112, pp. 27-31Ghoshal, S., Luthy, R.G., Bioavaialability of hydrophobic organic compounds from nonaqueus-phase liquids: The biodegrdation of naphthalene from coal tar (1996) Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, pp. 1894-1900Gustafson, K.E., Dikhut, R.M., Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in southern chesapeake bay surface wate r: Evaluation of three methods for determining freely dissolved water concentrations (1995) Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, pp. 452-461Inder Wiesche, C., Martens, R., Zadrazil, F., Two-step degradation of pyrene by white-rot fungi and soil microorganisms (1996) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 46, pp. 653-659Kotterman, M.J.J., Vis, E.H., Field, J.A., Successive mineralization and detoxification of benzo[a]pyrene by the white -rot fungus bjerkandera sp. Strain BOS55 and indigenous microflora (1998) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, pp. 2853-2858Lynch, J.M., Microorganisms in their natural environments - The terrestrial environment (1988) Micro-organisms in Action: Comcepts and Applications in Microbial Ecology, pp. 103-131. , Lynch, J. M. Hobbie, J. E. (Eds), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Paolo altoMartens, R., Zadrazil, F., Screening of white-rot fungi for their ability to mineralize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil (1992) Preprints from the International Symposium on Soil Decontamination Using Biological Processes., pp. 505-510. , DECHEMA, Frankfurt am mainMurphy, E.M., Zachara, J.M., Smith, S.C., Influence of mineral-bound humic substances on the sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (1990) Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, pp. 1507-1516Weissenfels, W.D., Klewer, H.J., Langhoff, J., Adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS) by soil particles: Influence on biodegradability and biotoxicity (1992) Appl. Microbial. Biotechnol., 36, pp. 689-696Wilcock, R.J., Corban, G.A., Northcott, G.L., Wilkins, A.L., Langdon, A.G., Persistence of polycyclic aromatic compounds f different molecular size and water solubility in surficial sediment of an intertidal sandflat (1996) Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15, pp. 670-67
Growth Of Lignocellulosic-fermenting Fungi On Different Substrates Under Low Oxygenation Conditions
No full textFour soil fungi able to grow under low oxygenation conditions were selected and used in studies to determine the production of enzymes that promote the degradation of lignocellulosic materials. The capacity of these fungi to ferment such materials was also investigated. The fungi were grown in sugarcane bagasse and sawdust at final concentrations of 4 and 10%, as the carbon sources. The strains were cultivated under microaerophilic and combined conditions of oxygenation (aerobic followed by microaerophilic conditions). The results obtained with the basidiomycete specie, Trichocladium canadense, Geotrichum sp., and Fusarium sp. suggest that they prefer lower oxygen concentration for growth and enzyme production. Lignocellulolytic activities were detected in all strains but varied with the carbon source used. The highest levels of these activities were produced by the Basidiomycete specie and Fusarium sp. Ethanol and other nongaseous fermentation products were detected following high-performance liquid chromatography analysis using a supelcogel C-610H column, demonstrating the fermentative capability of these strains. In view of their ability to produce enzymes necessary for the breakdown of lignocellulosic materials and to utilize most of the degradation products for growth, these strains have a great potential for biotechnological application.98-100663677Wyman, C.E., (1994) Bioresour. Technol., 50, pp. 3-16Wyman, C.E., (1996) Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Optimization, pp. 1-18. , Wyman, C. E., ed., Taylor and FrancisNikolov, T., Bakalova, N., Petrova, S., Benadova, R., Spasov, Kolev, D., (2000) Bioresour. Technol., 71, pp. 1-4Bhat, M.K., Bhat, S., (1997) Biotechnol. Adv., 15, pp. 583-620Pandey, A., Soccol, C.R., Nigam, P., Soccol, V., (2000) Bioresour. Technol., 74, pp. 69-80Coughlan, M.P., (1992) Bioresour. Technol., 39, pp. 107-115Beguin, P., Aubert, J.P., (1994) FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 13, pp. 25-58Himmel, M.E., Adney, W.S., Baker, J.O., Nieves, R.A., Thomas, S.R., (1996) Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Optimization, pp. 143-162. , Wyman, C.E., ed., Taylor and FrancisBrigham, J., Adney, W.S., Himmel, M.E., (1996) Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Optimization, pp. 119-142. , Wyman, C.E., ed., Taylor and FrancisMouchacca, J., (1997) Crypt. Mycol., 18, pp. 19-69Kaal, E.J., De Jong, E., Field, J.A., (1993) Appl. Environm. Microbiol., 59, pp. 4031-4036Lee, J., (1997) J. Biotechnol., 56, pp. 1-24Zeikus, J.G., (1990) Lignin Biodegradation: Microbiology, Chemistry and Potential Applications, 1. , Kirk, T. K., Higuchi, T., and Chang, H-M., eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FLBlanchette, R.A., (2000) Intern. Biodeter. Biodegrad., 46, pp. 189-204Singh, A., Kumar, P.K., Schuger, K., (1992) Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 16, pp. 296-302Durrant, L.R., Canale-Parola, E., Leschine, S.B., (1995) The Significance and Regulation of Soil Biodiversity, pp. 161-167. , Collins, H. P., Robertson, G. P., and Klug, M. J., eds., Kluwer Academic, The NetherlandsMiller, G.L.R., (1959) Anal. Biochem., 31, pp. 426-429Tien, M., Kirk, T.K., (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, pp. 2280-2284Kuwahara, M., Glenn, J.K., Morgan, M.A., Gold, M.H., (1984) FEBS Lett., 169, pp. 247-250Szklark, G.D., Antibus, R.K., Sinsabaugh, R.L., Linkins, A.E., (1989) Mycology, 81, pp. 234-240Messner, R., Kubicek, C., (1991) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, pp. 630-635Tuor, U., Winterhalter, K., Fiechter, A., (1995) J. Biotechnol., 41, pp. 1-17Pavarina, E.C., Sette, L.D., Anazawa, T.A., Durrant, L.R., (1999) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 82, pp. 153-163Brune, A., Frenzel, P., Cypionka, H., (2000) FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 24, pp. 691-710Eiteman, M.A., Chastain, M.J., (1997) Anal. Chim. Acta, 338, pp. 69-7
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Biodegradation Of Aromatic Compounds By A Halophilic Archaeon Isolated From The Dead Sea
No full textIt is well established that aromatic compounds can be readily degraded in aerobic environments within soils, sediments and waters with salinities up to and including that of seawater. However, little is known about their metabolism in hypersaline environments. There is a growing interest in the development and optimization of bioremediation processes to deal with environments with high salinity that are contaminated with aromatic compounds. Among prokaryotes, haloarchaea are a group of microorganisms living in hypersaline environments that may have a greater potential in degrading pollutants than previously assumed and can be considered as a good environmental tool for bioremediation. We enriched and isolated 10 halophilic archaea from Dead Sea water samples on the basis of their ability to grow on p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) as the sole carbon and energy source. All isolates showed identical total lipid profiles, but are metabolically very diverse. Strain L1, which is also capable of growth on benzoic acid (BA), was chosen for biodegradation kinetics determination. When grown in BA, strain L1 produced small amounts of a compound that co-chromatographed with gentisic acid, which accumulated in the medium. The same did not occur when pHBA was the growth substrate. A discussion on the possible metabolic pathways involved is included, and a preliminary characterization of strain L1 is presented. Copyright © 2012, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.271318Arahal, D.R., Dewhirst, F.E., Paster, B.J., Volcani, B.E., Ventosa, A., Phylogenetic analysis of some extremely halophilic Archaea isolated from Dead Sea water, determined on the basis of their 16S rRNA sequences (1996) Appl Environ Microbiol, 62, pp. 3779-3786Bonfa, M.R., Grossman, M.J., Mellado, E., Durrant, L.R., Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by Haloarchaea and their use for thereduction of the chemical oxygen demand of hypersaline petroleum produced water (2011) Chemosphere, 84, pp. 1671-1676Bodaker, I., Sharon, I., Suzuki, M.T., Feingersch, R., Shmoish, M., Andreishcheva, E., Sogin, M.L., Béjà, O., Comparative community genomics in the Dead Sea:an increasingly extreme environment (2010) The ISME Journal, 4, pp. 399-407Cuadros-Orellana, S., Pohlschroder, M., Durrant, L.R., Isolation and characterization of halophilic archaea able to grow in aromatic compounds (2006) Int. Biodet. Biodegrad., 57, pp. 151-154Diaz, E., Bacterial degradation of aromatic pollutants: A paradigm of metabolic versatility (2004) Int. Microb., 7, pp. 173-180Dyall-Smith, M., Cell methods (2000) The Halohandbook: Protocols for Halobacterial Genetics, , Dyall-Smith, M. (Ed.). Version 3, MelbourneEmerson, D., Chauhan, S., Oriel, P., Breznak, J.A., Haloferax sp. D1227, a halophilic Archaeon capable of growth on aromatic compounds (1994) Arch. Microbiol., 161, pp. 445-452Fairley, D.J., Boyd, D.R., Sharma, N.D., Allen, C.C.R., Morgan, P., Larkin, M.J., Aerobic metabolism of 4hydroxybenzoic acid in Archaea via an unusual pathway involving an intramolecular migration shift (NIH shift) (2002) Appl. Envir. Microbiol., 68, pp. 6246-6255Fairley, D.J., Wang, G., Rensing, C., Pepper, I.L., Larkin, M.J., Expression of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (gdoA) genes involved in aromatic degradation in two haloarchaeal genera (2006) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 73 (3), pp. 691-695Fu, W., Oriel, P., Degradation of 3-phenylpropionic acid by Haloferax sp. D1227 (1999) Extremophiles, (3), pp. 45-53Garcia, M.T., Ventosa, A., Mellado, E., Catabolic versatility of aromatic compound-degrading halophilic bacteria (2005) FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 54 (1), pp. 97-109Lam, W., DNA purification procedure (2000) The Halohandbook: Protocols for Halobacterial Genetics, , Dyall-Smith, M. (Ed.), Version 3.0Mevarech, M., Werczberger, R., Genetic transfer in Halobacterium volcanii (1985) J. Bacteriol., 162, pp. 461-462Mnif, S., Chamkha, M., Sayadi, S., Isolation and characterization of Halomonas sp. strain C2SS100, a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium under hypersaline conditions (2009) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107, pp. 785-794Rainey, F.A., Zhilina, T.N., Boulygina, E.S., Stackebrandt, E., Tourova, T.P., Zavarzin, G.A., The taxonomic status of the fermentative halophilic anaerobic bacteria: Description of Haloanaerobiales ord. nov., Halobacteroidaceae fam. nov., Orenia gen. nov. and further taxonomic rearrangements at the genus and species level (1995) Anaerobe, 1, pp. 185-190Wolin, E.A., Wolin, M.J., Wolfe, R.S., Formation of methane by bacterial extracts (1963) J. Biol. Chem., 238, pp. 2882-1986Zhuang, X., Han, Z., Bai, Z., Zhuang, G., Shim, H., Progress in decontamination by halophilic microorganisms in saline wastewater and soil (2010) Environmental Pollution, 158, pp. 1119-112
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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