1,721,412 research outputs found
Senator Elbert Duncan Thomas 1939
No full textBlack and white photograph of Senator Elbert Duncan Thomas, 1939, Washington
Duncan Thomas: Reproductive Health, Empowerment of Women, and Economic Prosperity
No full text<p>Duncan Thomas and Elizabeth Frankenberg of Duke University draw on data from family planning and reproductive health programs in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Mexico, and South Africa to measure the impact of these programs on women’s health and well-being. They also assessed evidence of improvements in women’s health and empowerment on their current and future economic prosperity and found that women tend to allocate more of the resources under their control toward investments and savings. Thomas discusses the background of the team’s research and findings with Ellen Carnevale, PRB’s Vice President of Communications and Marketing.</p
Openness to trade, research and development and growth
No full textThis thesis comprises of four major papers concerning the effects of international trade on research and development (R&D) and growth. Taken together, the papers suggest the presence of significant links between openness to trade and growth through R&D. I argue that it is critical to establish the nature of such relationships if we are to correctly understand economic growth at a macroeconomic level. I contribute to the existing literature both by suggesting an alternative mechanism driving an integration/growth relationship and by providing new empirical evidence on some major questions of theoretical ambiguity.By drawing on the industrial organisation (IO) literature concerning innovation and market structure, I demonstrate how economic integration can affect R&D and growth purely through intensity of competition effects. This contributes to the trade/growth literature by adding a new mechanism that does not rely on the usual scale effects and also provides further support of the IO literature that suggests there is a negative relationship between market concentration and R&D expenditure.The overall theoretical ambiguity concerning the integration/R&D relationship coupled with the importance placed on R&D in many models of trade and growth implies a critical role for direct empirical evidence of the R&D/openness relationship. Given the notable lack of such evidence in the literature, I make a substantial contribution by examining the effect of openness to trade on R&D expenditure at industry level across a panel of OECD countries. This new evidence generally supports the existence of a positive openness/R&D relationship, although there is considerable variation across sectors. In addition, the exposition of estimation issues arising from the nature of the data coupled with the dynamic specification of the R&D equation is likely to prove a useful contribution to the foundations for further research.The existing literature identifies knowledge spillovers as a key mechanism through which trade can affect technological progress and growth. I provide new evidence of the nature of knowledge spillovers in UK manufacturing, allowing for spillovers through foreign direct investment (FDI) in addition to trade in goods. FDI has not previously been included in such a sectoral-level study of spillovers and the discussion of the difficulties in estimating the model are likely to provide a useful starting point for further research. My results are somewhat counter-intuitive in that they suggest foreign R&D may have a negative effect on UK productivity in some sectors. A number of possible explanations for this are suggested, providing a further contribution to the burgeoning spillover literature.</p
The Mechanism by Which Gastrin Elicits Contraction of Guinea Pig Ileum Smooth Muscle
No full textThe gastric antral hormone, gastrin, has a wide spectrum of activities on the gastrointestinal tract. Resides its stimulatory role on the secretion of gastric acid, gastrin also influences intestinal tone and motility. This action on motility is thought to be mediated by the release of acetylcholine as gastrin and related polypeptides have been shown to release acetylcholine from the Auerbach's plexus of guinea pig ileum. | Conflicting reports exist as to the mechanism of action of gastrin in producing the acetylcholine-releasing effect. A possible direct action of gastrin on intestinal smooth muscle cells has also been reported. | The purpose of this study was to determine the site and mechanism by which gastrin acts to release acetylcholine.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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