12,224 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Meiguo xian fa cao ni he bi zhun de gu shi
No full text前言 ---p.iChapter 第一章象徵性的揭幕 ---p.1Chapter 第二章代表̄們′̄′來遲 ---p.6Chapter 第三章維基尼亞計劃 ---p.14Chapter 第四章幾個出色人物 ---p.24Chapter 第五章爭辯的開始 ---p.27Chapter 第六章行政首長怎樣產生?有些什麽權力? ---p.37Chapter 第七章需要什麽樣的司法機構? ---p.47Chapter 第八章國會投票權的拉鋸戰 ---p.53Chapter 第九章人民的期待 ---p.60Chapter 第十章小州代表準備反攻 ---p.62Chapter 第十一章新澤西計劃 ---p.64Chapter 第十二章'新奇的組合'--大折衷案 ---p.82Chapter 第十三章兩頭蛇爬在樹椏上 ---p.88Chapter 第十四章憲法草稿ʺÐ生了 ---p.92Chapter 第十五章'州的人民'--'合衆國的人民' ---p.105Chapter 第十六章大功告成 ---p.110Chapter 第十七章各州陸續批准 ---p.120卡爾・范・杜倫著 ; 趙盾譯.Translation of: The great rehearsal : the story of the making and ratifying of the Constitution of the United States.Ka'er Fan Dulun zhu ; Zhao Dun yi
Raw data of Zhao et al., 2022, Geoderma
No full textRaw data associated with Zhao et al., 2022, Geoderma. Any use of the data set should be approved by the corresponding author Kai Yue at "[email protected]".</p
Logic and Irony in the Drama of the Orphan of Zhao 趙氏孤児
No full textThe Orphan of Zhao is a masterpiece of Yuan drama. The story is based on the historical records on Jin 晋 state during the Spring and Autumn period, such as Chunqiu Zuoshizhuan 春秋左氏伝 and Shiji 史記. The synopsis of the play is as follows. In the era of Duke Ling 霊公, General Tu’an Gu 屠岸賈 had the hatred towards Minister Zhao Dun 趙盾. Tu’an Gu intended to kill every member of the family and the Zhao family faced the extinction. Under the conspiracy of Tu’an Gu, the last member Zhao Shuo 趙朔, the son of Zhao Dun, was falsely condemned and was forced to kill himself. His wife was pregnant then and gave birth to a boy after Zhao Shuo’s death. Cheng Ying 程嬰, who was the home doctor of Zhao family, hid the orphan in the medicine chest and took him out of the palace. Tu’an Gu, knowing that the orphan was hidden, decided to kill all infants in Jin if the orphan in the search was not found. Facing this situation, Cheng Ying consulted the retired minister Gongsun Chujiu 公孫杵 臼 and proposed a plan to save the life of the orphan. According to the plan, Cheng took his own son to Gongsun and then informed Tu’an Gu of his place, pretending that he was the orphan in the search. Tu’an Gu was deceived by their acting and killed the child whom he believed to be the orphan. Tu’an Gu was satisfied and adopted Cheng Ying’s son, who is in fact, the orphan. After twenty years, Chen Ying told the orphan the truth. The orphan immediately carried out his revenge. Although the historical records serve as the outline source of the story, they do not provide details. The author discusses how this play successfully supplemented the lacking details with logical and plausible reasoning, in conjunction with addition of effective dramatic imagination. Along with the dramatic irony of Tu’an Gu who was unaware of the truth, the Orphan of Zhao has achieved the popularity as a well-constructed drama
Hysteretic behaviour of steel fibre RC coupled shear walls under cyclic loads: Experimental study and modelling
No full textpeer reviewedThis paper presents the hysteretic behaviour of three 1/3-scale three-storey steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) coupled shear walls (CSWs) under cyclic loads. The deformation, ductility, energy dissipation, stiffness and crack propagation of the specimens are also discussed and analysed. The results show steel fibre improves the ductility and energy dissipation capacity, and restrains the crack propagation of the CSWs, and delays the degradation of their lateral stiffness and force. Based on the experiments, a simple trilinear model is developed to simulate the skeleton curve of lateral force–displacement of the SFRC CSWs. Through analysing several typical cycles of the hysteretic of these CSWs, the feature points of the proposed hysteretic model are defined which subsequently is used to evaluate the complete hysteretic behaviour of the CSWs. Using existing experimental data and this study, several representative experimental hysteretic cycles are compared with the proposed model. The result indicates a good agreement is reached between the model and experimental results
Chao Yuen Ren (1892–1982)
No full textY. R. Chao is easily the most famous linguist to have come out of China. Born before the end of the last dynasty in China, he received a traditional Confucian education, but was also one of the first Chinese people to be sent to the West for training in modern Western science (under the Boxer Indemnity Fund). The remarkable breadth and scope of his studies included physics, mathematics, linguistics, musical and literary composition, and translation, and he was a pioneer in many of these fields
In vitro characterization of HCN channel kinetics and frequency dependence in myocytes predicts biological pacemaker functionality
No full textThe pacemaker current, mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, contributes to the initiation and regulation of cardiac rhythm. Previous experiments creating HCN-based biological pacemakers in vivo found that an engineered HCN2/HCN1 chimeric channel (HCN212) resulted in significantly faster rates than HCN2, interrupted by 1-5 s pauses. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in HCN212 and HCN2 in vivo functionality as biological pacemakers, we studied newborn rat ventricular myocytes over-expressing either HCN2 or HCN212 channels. The HCN2- and HCN212-over-expressing myocytes manifest similar voltage dependence, current density and sensitivity to saturating cAMP concentrations, but HCN212 has faster activation/deactivation kinetics. Compared with HCN2, myocytes expressing HCN212 exhibit a faster spontaneous rate and greater incidence of irregular rhythms (i.e. periods of rapid spontaneous rate followed by pauses). To explore these rhythm differences further, we imposed consecutive pacing and found that activation kinetics of the two channels are slower at faster pacing frequencies. As a result, time-dependent HCN current flowing during diastole decreases for both constructs during a train of stimuli at a rapid frequency, with the effect more pronounced for HCN2. In addition, the slower deactivation kinetics of HCN2 contributes to more pronounced instantaneous current at a slower frequency. As a result of the frequency dependence of both instantaneous and time-dependent current, HCN2 exhibits more robust negative feedback than HCN212, contributing to the maintenance of a stable pacing rhythm. These results illustrate the benefit of screening HCN constructs in spontaneously active myocyte cultures and may provide the basis for future optimization of HCN-based biological pacemakers
Alluvial river response to active tectonics in the Dehradun region, Northwest India: A case study of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
No full textIn environments characterised by active tectonics, it is widely accepted that river morphology will be affected by active fault displacement. For example, there is documented evidence of change in channel slope, channel width, channel braiding patterns, grain size distribution trends, and stream power in response to active faults. Therefore, river morphology can carry a measurable signature of tectonic activity. Furthermore, it can be hypothesised that fluvial systems are in fact more sensitive to local faulting than raw topographic expression. This would mean that young active faults will affect river morphology before they are expressed in the local topography. Therefore, detailed morphological measurements of rivers in tectonic settings could allow for an early detection of faulting which is not yet expressed in the landscape.
The Dehradun region of the Northwest Himalayan foothills is an ideal test case for this hypothesis. In this area, the Ganges and Yamuna rivers flow across an active thrust fault system, which is not yet clearly visible in the landscape. Therefore, longitudinal river profiles of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers from the Lesser Himalaya mountain front to ~35 km into the Gangetic Plain were extracted from a 90 m Digital Elevation Model and hydraulic features, including width of channel belt, channel slope, and geomorphic characteristics, were collected from IRS 23.5 m satellite images. Stream power was calculated by using channel slope and monthly discharge data. These data were complemented by field measurements of bed material grain sizes at ~5 km intervals. All data were analysed for the ~80 km Ganges and Yamuna reaches flowing from the Main Boundary Thrust, through the alluvial Dehra Dun valley and across the suspected active Himalayan Frontal Thrust, and ~35 km out into the Indo-Gangetic foreland.
The longitudinal profile, width of channel belt, channel slope, braiding relationship, pattern of stream power, and grain size distribution all indicate river response to active slip on the Himalayan Frontal Thrust. Most importantly, channel slope (0.063) increases in response to an uplifted bed, and elevation drop over the fault axis. The Yamuna channel slope shallows upstream of, and proximal to the HFT (~0.0025) and steepens across the fault axis to (~0.0035) in response to an uplifted bed and elevation drop. Width of channel belts narrow across the HFT in response to constriction by uplifted topography from ~1500 m upstream to ~500 m across the HFT. This is reflected in the braiding index as both rivers flow as one channel across the HFT and as many channels in the Dun and foreland. The grain size trend along the Ganges reflects downstream fining by selective entrainment throughout the entire study reach with no variation interpreted as having a high enough stream power to move all sediment. The Yamuna indicates downstream fining through the Dun valley, yet grain size increases immediately, upstream of the HFT. This is interpreted as being due to low stream power within the Mohand Anticline caused by a low discharge and shallowing channel slope.
This study concludes that the Ganges and Yamuna rivers are responding to active tectonic uplift of the HFT in the Dehradun basin, Northwest India
Gated relational stacked denoising autoencoder with localized author embedding for global citation recommendation
No full textCitation recommendation is an effective and efficient way to facilitate authors finding desired references. This paper presents a novel neural network based model, called gated relational probabilistic stacked denoising autoencoder with localized author (GRSLA) embedding, for global citation recommendation task. Our model is comprised of two modules with different neural network architecture. For each citing and cited papers, we use a gated paper embedding module, which is extended from probabilistic stacked denoising autoencoder (PSDAE) by adding gated units, to obtain their paper vectors. The added gated units are able to utilize text information of cited paper to refine the vector representation of citing paper in multiple semantic levels. For an author in papers, we first apply topic model to obtain his/her semantic neighbors, and then use a localized author embedding (LAE) module to excavate author vector representation from semantic and explicit neighbors. Unlike most graph convolutional network (GCN) based methods, the LAE module is able to avoid computing global Laplacian in whole graph by taking limited neighbors. Moreover, the LAE module can also be stacked to absorb more neighbors, which makes our model have high extendibility. Based on the generation process of GRSLA, we also derive a learning algorithm of our model by maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. We conduct experiments on the AAN, DBLP and CORD-19 datasets, and the results show that GRSLA model works well than previous global citation recommendation methods
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