1,720,974 research outputs found
Vinyl-triphenylamine dyes optimized for two-photon microscopy : Non coalent interactions with DNA or HSA and cellular imaging
No full textL’avènement de la microscopie biphotonique et des techniques dites de « super-résolution » ont permis d’améliorer les performances de la microscopie de fluorescence et de l’appliquer à l’imagerie intravitale et à l’analyse des tissus biologiques. Ces techniques requièrent néanmoins l’emploi de sondes aux propriétés optiques et biologiques optimisées.Plusieurs séries de colorants cationiques basés sur le motif vinyl-triphénylamine (TP) ont été développés pour le marquage d’ADN. Ces fluorophores rouges ou jaunes dont l’émission de fluorescence est commutée par l’interaction avec l’ADN sont des ligands de petit sillon de l’hélice B et possèdent des sections efficaces d’absorption à deux photons élevées.Les TP marquent l’ADN du noyau des cellules fixées ou en apoptose avec une intensité et un contraste élevés. Elles sont non-cytotoxiques, photostables et sont perméables à la membrane cellulaire. L’optimisation des propriétés a permis d’obtenir la TP-2Bzim, qui possède une brillance biphotonique parmi les plus élevées rapportées dans la littérature pour des molécules de faible poids moléculaire (383 GM) et permet une détection en microscopie biphotonique à basse concentration et à faible puissance d’excitation. En cellules vivantes, les TP sont localisées dans les mitochondries mais, sous excitation mono- ou bi-photonique constante, elles déclenchent l’apoptose de la cellule et se relocalisent dans le noyau. Le phénomène peut être imagé par fluorescence, et les TP pourraient donc être employées comme photosensibilisateurs théranostiques.Enfin, une stratégie de synthèse pour fonctionnaliser la TP-2Bzim a été développée. Elle a ainsi pu être couplée à des oligonucléotides et à un PNA pour la détection d’hybridation par fluorescence et à l’acide folique et à la spermidine pour le ciblage de cellules cancéreuses.Significant advances were made in the field of in vivo fluorescence imaging thanks to the recent development of biphotonic microscopy and super-resolution techniques, rendering intravital imaging and biological tissues analysis possible. Those techniques however require the use of new probes with optimized optical and biological properties.Several series of cationic dyes for DNA staining were developed based on the vinyl-triphenylamine (TP) scaffold. Those new switchable yellow or red fluorophores bind in the minor-groove of DNA and display high two-photon absorption cross-sections. Two anionic derivatives were also designed for staining HSA.In fixed or apoptotic cells, the cationic dyes stain nuclear DNA with a high brightness and contrast. They are non-cytotoxic, photostable and cell permeant. The molecule with the most optimized properties, TP-2Bzim, has one of the highest two-photon brightness to date (383 GM in DNA), allowing sensible detection in biphotonic microscopy at low concentration and excitation power. In live cells, the dyes are localized in the mitochondria, but it appears that upon constant mono- or bi-photonic excitation they trigger cell apoptosis within a few minutes and are released in the nucleus. Since the phenomenon can be imaged by fluorescence microscopy, the TP dyes could thus be used as photosensitizers for theranostics.A synthetic pathway was also developed to functionalize the TP-2Bzim. It was then coupled by “click-chemistry” to short oligonucleotides or PNA sequences for fluorescence in situ hybridization, and to folic acid and spermidine for cancer cells targeting
Sondes fluorescentes vinyl-triphénylamines optimisées pour la microscopie biphotonique : Etude des intéractions non covalentes avec l'ADN et la HSA et application à l'imagerie cellulaire
No full textSignificant advances were made in the field of in vivo fluorescence imaging thanks to the recent development of biphotonic microscopy and super-resolution techniques, rendering intravital imaging and biological tissues analysis possible. Those techniques however require the use of new probes with optimized optical and biological properties.Several series of cationic dyes for DNA staining were developed based on the vinyl-triphenylamine (TP) scaffold. Those new switchable yellow or red fluorophores bind in the minor-groove of DNA and display high two-photon absorption cross-sections. Two anionic derivatives were also designed for staining HSA.In fixed or apoptotic cells, the cationic dyes stain nuclear DNA with a high brightness and contrast. They are non-cytotoxic, photostable and cell permeant. The molecule with the most optimized properties, TP-2Bzim, has one of the highest two-photon brightness to date (383 GM in DNA), allowing sensible detection in biphotonic microscopy at low concentration and excitation power. In live cells, the dyes are localized in the mitochondria, but it appears that upon constant mono- or bi-photonic excitation they trigger cell apoptosis within a few minutes and are released in the nucleus. Since the phenomenon can be imaged by fluorescence microscopy, the TP dyes could thus be used as photosensitizers for theranostics.A synthetic pathway was also developed to functionalize the TP-2Bzim. It was then coupled by “click-chemistry” to short oligonucleotides or PNA sequences for fluorescence in situ hybridization, and to folic acid and spermidine for cancer cells targeting.L’avènement de la microscopie biphotonique et des techniques dites de « super-résolution » ont permis d’améliorer les performances de la microscopie de fluorescence et de l’appliquer à l’imagerie intravitale et à l’analyse des tissus biologiques. Ces techniques requièrent néanmoins l’emploi de sondes aux propriétés optiques et biologiques optimisées.Plusieurs séries de colorants cationiques basés sur le motif vinyl-triphénylamine (TP) ont été développés pour le marquage d’ADN. Ces fluorophores rouges ou jaunes dont l’émission de fluorescence est commutée par l’interaction avec l’ADN sont des ligands de petit sillon de l’hélice B et possèdent des sections efficaces d’absorption à deux photons élevées.Les TP marquent l’ADN du noyau des cellules fixées ou en apoptose avec une intensité et un contraste élevés. Elles sont non-cytotoxiques, photostables et sont perméables à la membrane cellulaire. L’optimisation des propriétés a permis d’obtenir la TP-2Bzim, qui possède une brillance biphotonique parmi les plus élevées rapportées dans la littérature pour des molécules de faible poids moléculaire (383 GM) et permet une détection en microscopie biphotonique à basse concentration et à faible puissance d’excitation. En cellules vivantes, les TP sont localisées dans les mitochondries mais, sous excitation mono- ou bi-photonique constante, elles déclenchent l’apoptose de la cellule et se relocalisent dans le noyau. Le phénomène peut être imagé par fluorescence, et les TP pourraient donc être employées comme photosensibilisateurs théranostiques.Enfin, une stratégie de synthèse pour fonctionnaliser la TP-2Bzim a été développée. Elle a ainsi pu être couplée à des oligonucléotides et à un PNA pour la détection d’hybridation par fluorescence et à l’acide folique et à la spermidine pour le ciblage de cellules cancéreuses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Locally activated semisynthetic fluorescent biosensors for imaging cellular biochemistry
Full text linkBiosensors based on fluorescent proteins are widely used as genetically encoded indicators due to their capacity to target various biological analytes (metal ions, reactive oxygen species, biomolecules, etc.) within cells with precise localization. However, their complex development associated with the lack of photophysical versatility constrains the scope of their application in biosensing. Alternatively, semisynthetic fluorescent biosensors that combine a small chemical indicator with a self-labeling protein tag benefit from the versatility of molecular engineering and from the selectivity of genetic encoding of the recombinant protein. The variations in photophysical properties of the chemical indicator upon analyte recognition provide high sensitivity and rapid response time, making them attractive alternatives for biosensing. Fluorogenic semisynthetic biosensors that are fluorescent only upon local activation by reaction with a genetically encoded self-labeling protein tag provide an additional level of selectivity, allowing wash-free imaging experiments. This minireview focuses on the latter class of hybrid sensors and provides an outlook on the different small molecular probe design strategies and self-labeling protein tag combinations (mostly SNAP-tag and HaloTag) for their construction. The authors expect to present new clues and ideas to researchers for further advances in this field
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
