1,720,968 research outputs found
Identificación de especies vegetales utilizadas en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mecanismos de acción y modelos experimentales: Identification of species of plants used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, mechanisms of action and experimental models
Get PDFEn el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre las investigaciones efectuadas con extractos de especies vegetales, en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El objetivo es analizar las investigaciones del uso ciertas especies vegetales en la diabetes, la insulina y las drogas naturales miméticas, los fitoconstituyentes que tienen potencial hipoglucémico y los modelos experimentales para evaluación de intolerancia a la glucosa y diabetes tipo 2. Se utilizó el método descriptivo inductivo, precisando las especies vegetales en las que se ha demostrado científicamente su actividad hipoglucémica y los mecanismos de acción que utilizan para producir el efecto antidiabético. Se explica la clasificación de los modelos experimentales utilizados para el estudio de la diabetes y una descripción de los modelos para la evaluación de los distintos tipos de diabetes, así como las ventajas y desventajas de los mismos. Se concluye que las especies vegetales influyen en la digestión y absorción de hidratos de carbono a través de la inhibición enzimática, y que algunos fitoconstituyentes demostraron actividad hipoglucémica con diferentes mecanismos de acción.
Palabras clave: fitoquímico, biomodelos, plantas medicinales,fitoconstituyentes, actividad hipoglucémica
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Actividades didácticas para melhorar o domínio das operações unitárias no curso de Engenharia Química.: Actividades didácticas para mejorar el dominio de las operaciones unitarias en la carrera de Ingeniería Química
No full textDidactic activities constitute an important alternative to improve the mastery of unit operations in higher education, which together with continuous improvement processes can ensure the quality of student training. The purpose of this research was to propose didactic activities to improve the mastery of Unit Operations of Evaporation and Distillation in the seventh level of Chemical Engineering. The methodology has a quantitative approach with an exploratory scope, presents an experimental design applying a pre-experiment that consisted of a pre-test/post-test design with a single group. The defined population is represented in a finite way by 52 students who made up the students who took the course, considering a probability class sampling. Observation and questionnaire-type instruments were applied as a technique using closed-ended surveys. The statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS statistical software version 27 in English, applying an inferential typology with a nonparametric analysis using a Pareto diagram to decide which activities required more attention and the chi-square to determine significant differences. It is noteworthy that each of the five activities analyzed presented significant improvements once the didactic activities were applied, thus approving the alternative hypothesis, highlighting the activity of reading diagrams, which was the one with the highest significance according to the statistical analysis. To conclude that there are positive results between the didactic activities proposed and the unitary operations in the Chemical Engineering course.Las actividades didácticas aplicadas en evaporación y la destilación como parte de las operaciones unitarias, permiten adaptar teoría y práctica a través de estrategias activas que permitan mejorar el aprendizaje de estas, promoviendo el avance de competencias experimentales y resolución de problemas. La finalidad de la presente investigación fue diseñar actividades didácticas para mejorar el dominio de las Operaciones Unitarias de Evaporación y Destilación en el séptimo nivel de la Carrera de Ingeniería Química. La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con alcance exploratorio, presenta un diseño experimental aplicando un pre-experimento que consistió en el diseño de una preprueba/posprueba con un solo grupo. La población definida está representada de manera finita por 52 estudiantes que conformaban los alumnos que cursaron la asignatura, considerando un muestreo de clase Probabilística. Como técnica se aplicó la observación e instrumentos de tipo cuestionario usando encuestas cerradas. El análisis estadístico se lo realizó con el software estadístico SPSS versión 27 en inglés, aplicando una tipología inferencial con un análisis no paramétrico realizado un diagrama de Pareto para decidir las actividades que requieren mayor atención y el chi cuadrado para determinar las diferencias significativas. Es destacable que cada una de las cinco actividades analizadas presentaron mejoras significativas una vez aplicadas las actividades didácticas, con esto se aprobó la hipótesis alternativa, destacando la actividad de lecturas de diagramas que fue la que mayor significancia tuvo según el análisis estadístico. Como conclusión se muestra que implementación de cinco actividades didácticas diferentes entre sí, fortaleció significativamente la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las operaciones unitarias, permitiendo al estudiante una mejor comprensión para aplicar conocimientos en contextos prácticos.
PALABRAS CLAVE: balances termodinámicos; destilación; entalpías; evaporación; unidades.As actividades didácticas aplicadas à evaporação e destilação como parte das operações unitárias, permitem a adaptação da teoria e da prática através de estratégias activas que melhoram a aprendizagem, promovendo o progresso das competências experimentais e a resolução de problemas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conceber atividades didáticas para melhorar o domínio das Operações Unitárias de Evaporação e Destilação no sétimo nível do curso de Engenharia Química. A metodologia tem uma abordagem quantitativa com um âmbito exploratório, apresenta um desenho experimental aplicando um pré-experimento que consistiu no desenho de um pré-teste/pós-teste com um único grupo. A população definida é representada de forma finita por 52 alunos que constituem os alunos que frequentaram a disciplina, considerando uma amostragem probabilística por classes. A técnica utilizada foi a observação e instrumentos do tipo questionário com recurso a inquéritos fechados. A análise estatística foi realizada com o software estatístico SPSS versão 27 em inglês, aplicando uma tipologia inferencial com uma análise não paramétrica utilizando um diagrama de Pareto para decidir quais as actividades que requerem maior atenção e o qui-quadrado para determinar as diferenças significativas. É de salientar que cada uma das cinco actividades analisadas apresentou melhorias significativas após a aplicação das actividades didácticas, pelo que a hipótese alternativa foi aprovada, destacando-se a atividade de leitura de diagramas que foi a mais significativa de acordo com a análise estatística. Como conclusão, mostra-se que a implementação de cinco actividades didácticas diferentes reforçou significativamente o ensino e a aprendizagem das operações unitárias, permitindo ao aluno uma melhor compreensão para aplicar os conhecimentos em contextos práticos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: balanços termodinâmicos; destilação; entalpias; evaporação; unidades
Uso potencial del pigmento de Muicle (Justicia Spicigera) en la industria alimentaria
Get PDFThe use of pigments in the food industry has become very relevant. For this reason, this review article investigated the use of Muicle (Justicia Spicigera) as a natural pigment. This compound has the potential to be used as an additive in processed foods, offering an alternative to artificial colors. Muicle is a plant native to Mexico, it is known through different countries due to the properties it is given in the field of medicine, it has bioactive, flavonoid, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds. The food industry is looking for natural alternatives, since the target markets currently prefer the consumption of healthy foods, for this reason the use of natural pigments has increased in the processing of beverages, sweets, ice cream and confectionery products, dairy products and certain meat products, the pigment is bright red, the antimicrobial capacity that Muicle has allows conservation, prolonging the shelf life of food. In the same way, it is important to take into account different parameters for processing on an industrial scale such as light, color and pH since, when in contact with other foods, it is likely that the qualities will be enhanced. The use of Muicle pigment (Justicia Spicigera) improves quality, in addition to the need for the consumption of natural and healthy products.El uso de pigmentos en la industria alimentaria ha cobrado gran relevancia. Por esta razón, el presente artículo de revisión investigó el empleo del Muicle (Justicia Spicigera) como un pigmento natural. Este compuesto tiene potencial para ser utilizado como aditivo en alimentos procesados, ofreciendo una alternativa a los colorantes artificiales. El Muicle es una planta originaria de México, es conocida a través de diferentes países debido a las propiedades que se le da en el campo de la medicina, posee compuestos bioactivos, flavonoides, antioxidantes, antimicrobianas y antiinflamatorias. La industria alimentaria busca alternativas naturales, ya que los mercados objetivos en la actualidad prefieren el consumo de alimentos saludables, por tal razón se ha incrementado la utilización de pigmentos naturales en el procesamiento de bebidas, dulces, helados y productos de repostería, lácteos y ciertos productos cárnicos, el pigmento es de tonalidad rojo brillante, la capacidad antimicrobiana que posee el Muicle permite la conservación, prolongando la vida útil de los alimentos. De la misma manera es importante tener en cuenta diferentes parámetros para el procesamiento a escala industrial como lo es la luz, color y pH ya que, al ponerse en contacto con otros alimentos, es probable que se potencialicen las cualidades. La utilización del pigmento del Muicle (Justicia Spicigera), mejora la calidad, además de existir la necesidad de consumo de productos naturales y saludables
Análisis bibliográfico sobre las estrategias y herramientas de gestión de proyectos en la agroindustria
Get PDFThis article represents a systematic review of the tools and methodologies of project management applied in agro industry; 30 articles selected from a universe of more than 594,000 publications were analyzed. The traditional and agile approaches were identified, analyzing their contribution to process optimization, productivity improvement and sustainability of the sector. Crucial evidence shows that methodologies such as PMBOK, PRINCE2, Scrum and Kanban can be adapted to the particularities of the agro-industrial environment, especially in digital technologies and business intelligence principles are integrated. The advantage, limitation and opportunities for contextualized implementation are discussed.Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática sobre las herramientas y metodologías de gestión de proyectos aplicadas en la agroindustria, se analizaron 30 artículos seleccionados de un universo de más de 594.000 publicaciones.Se identificaron enfoques tradicionales y ágiles, analizando su contribución a la optimización de procesos, la mejora de la productividad y la sostenibilidad del sector. La evidencia muestra que metodologías como PMBOK, PRINCE2, Scrum y Kanban pueden adaptarse a las particularidades del entorno agroindustrial, especialmente cuando se integran tecnologías digitales y principios de inteligencia de negocios. Se discuten las ventajas, limitaciones y oportunidades de implementación contextualizada
Calidad sanitaria en operarios, utensilios y agua de mataderos municipales de la provincia de Manabí en Ecuador
Get PDFPara conocer la situación sanitaria de cinco mataderos de la provincia Manabí en Ecuador se muestrearon, mediante hisopados, las manos, los antebrazos, el pecho y los cuchillos de operadores de estos establecimientos en invierno y verano. Se determinó que los conteos encontrados de aerobios mesófilos, coliformes totales y coliformes termotolerantes fueron muy elevados, en conteos, que pueden atentar contra la higiene de las canales. Tampoco el agua utilizada cumplía con los requerimientos microbiológicos para el agua potable, que es la indicada para la producción de alimentos. Todo esto apunta a que no existen las condiciones sanitarias necesarias para lograr canales bovinas con bajas contaminaciones por estos microorganismos.Palabras clave: higiene, mataderos, operadores.Sanitary quality in operators, utensils, and water at five municipality slaughterhouses in the province of Manabi, EcuadorABSTRACT: To know the sanitary situation of five slaughterhouses of the province of Manabí in Ecuador, swab samples were taken form operators’ hands, forearms, chests, and knives. The counts of mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms and thermo-tolerant coliforms made in the samples were too high. The water used did not either meet the microbiological requisites for the drinkable water required for processing foods. It was concluded that these slaughterhouses did not have the necessary sanitary conditions to obtain bovine carcasses with low contaminations of the microorganisms examined.Key words: hygiene, slaughterhouses, operators
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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