1,721,092 research outputs found
Investigation of the expression profile of miRNAs regulating ADHD candidate genes.
Full text linkAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common child-hood onset neuropsychological disorder, characterized by symptoms such as inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in varying severity across situations and over periods of time. It is thought that the symptoms derive from aberrant regulations of neurotransmitters, specifically,
the catecholamines; Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Individuals effected by the disorder show difficulties in academical and social situation, as well as a higher likelihood of harmful outcomes such as substance abuse criminality, unemployment or other financial
challenges. Poor understanding of ADHD`s ethology causes clinical assessment to be the best
diagnostic tool, following the guidelines from International Classification of Diseases 11th
revision (ICD-11) and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV).
ADHD`s prevalence is estimated to be 5-6% in youth, with one third of the youth carrying the
disorder to adulthood. Twin studies have shown ADHD to be highly heritable, however it did
not explain some of the heritability, this could prove epigenetic factors involvement.
miRNA is one epigenetic factor that has been shown potential for detecting ADHD. Firstly, it
is well established that there is abundancy of miRNA in the central nervous system, and that
they effect many aspects of neural development. Secondly, There are studies showing
neuropsychological disorder ethology associated with aberrant miRNA function such as
fragile X syndrome schizophrenia autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer
disease(1);(2);(3);(4);(5);(6). Additionally, unlike mRNA, miRNA have been shown to be
stable and freely circulating in biofluids, as well as in archived biofluids. These reports have
been of importance for development of biomarkers derived from multiple fields such as
cancer and tumour prognosis, lifestyle diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.
In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using circulating miRNAs from blood plasma as
biomarkers of ADHD. We investigated 1248 archived plasma samples gathered by MoBa,
from umbilical cords of children, and blood from mothers and fathers. They consisted of 624
child-cord maternal and paternal plasma samples, where the child had in later life been
clinically validated for ADHD according to the NPR diagnostics using ICD-10. The ADHD case group would be compared with 624 cord maternal and paternal derived plasma samples,
where the children were randomly selected non-ADHD participants that matched cases in age
and gender. Firstly, the plasma quality was assessed by screening multiple quality control parameters.
Secondly, the analysis of miRNA expression of 16 miRNA, that has been reported to be
targeting potential ADHD candidate genes. A Predictive model for identifying ADHD-cases
was made using logistic regression on miRNA expression of the 16 relevant miRNAs.
There was a clear difference in discoloration between the cord samples then what was
observed in maternal and paternal plasma sample. The spectrometric assessment showed child
samples to be of low quality. Particle counts found paternal samples to contain more counts of
both microparticle and platelets then child and mother had. There is clear evidence that the
plasma quality used in this study is not optimal. There were no significantly different
expressed miRNAs. However, two miRNAs were observed to be interesting, miR-125a-3p
and miR-17-5p stood out from the remaining miRNAs both in comparing miRNA expression
between ADHD-cases and control, and as a contributor for the predictive model.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) er den vanligste nevropsykologiske
forstyrrelsen ved barndom, preget av symptomer som uoppmerksomhet og
hyperaktivitet/impulsivitet i varierende alvorlighetsgrad på tvers av situasjoner og over
perioder. Det antas at symptomene stammer fra avvikende regulering av nevrotransmittere,
spesielt katekolaminene; Serotonin, noradrenalin og dopamin. Personer som påvirkes av
uorden viser vanskeligheter i akademiske og sosiale situasjonen, samt større sannsynlighet for
skadelige utfall som rusmisbruk og arbeidsledighet eller andre økonomiske utfordringer.
Dårlig forståelse av ADHDs etologi fører til at klinisk vurdering er det beste diagnostiske
verktøyet, hovedsakelig i henhold til retningslinjene fra International Classification of
Diseases 11.revisjon (ICD-11) og Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition (DSM IV). ADHDs prevalens anslås til å være 5-6% hos ungdom, hvor en tredjedel av ungdommene
bærer sykdommen til voksen alder. Tvillingstudier har vist at ADHD er svært arvelig, men
noe av arveligheten ble ikke forklart, dette kan være bevise for involvering av epigenetiske
faktorer.
miRNA er en epigenetisk faktor som har potensiale til å oppdage ADHD. Det er veletablert at
det er overflod av miRNA i sentralnervesystemet, og at de påvirker mange aspekter av nevral
utvikling. I tillegg er det studier som viser nevropsykologis lidelse etologi assosiert med
avvikende miRNA-funksjon som fragil X-syndrom, schizofreni, autismespektrumforstyrrelse
(ASD) og Alzheimers sykdom (1 38); (2 39); (3 40); (4 41); (5 42); (6 43). I tillegg har
miRNA, i motsetning til mRNA, vist seg å være stabil og sirkulere fritt i biovæsker, så vel
som i arkiverte biovæsker. Disse observasjonene har vært viktige for utviklingen av
biomarkører avledet fra flere felt som kreft og tumorprognose, livsstilsykdommer og
nevrodegenerative sykdommer.
I denne studien evaluerte vi muligheten for å bruke sirkulerende miRNA fra blodplasma som
biomarkører for ADHD. Vi undersøkte 1248 arkiverte plasmaprøver samlet av MoBa fra
navlestrenger til barn, og blodprøver fra mødre og fedre. De besto av 624 barn mødre og
fedre, hvor barna ble klinisk validert for ADHD i henhold til NPR-diagnostikken ved bruk av
ICD-10. ADHD-sak-gruppen ville bli sammenlignet med 624 barn mødre og fedre, hvor
barna ble tilfeldig valgt ikke-ADHD-deltakere som samsvarte med tilfeller i alder og kjønn.
Første ble plasmakvaliteten vurdert ved å screene flere parametere for kvalitetskontroll.
Deretter ble miRNA-ekspresjonen av 16 miRNA, som er rapportert å være komplimenter med
mulige ADHD-kandidatgener. En prediktiv modell for å identifisere ADHD-tilfeller ble laget
ved hjelp av logistisk regresjon på miRNA-ekspresjon av de 16 relevante miRNAene.
Det var en klar forskjell i misfarging mellom barnas prøver enn det som ble observert i mor
og fars plasmaprøve. Den spektrometriske vurderingen viste at barnas prøver var av lav
kvalitet. Partikkelantall fant at fars prøver inneholdt flere tellinger av både mikropartikler og
blodplater enn barn og mor hadde. Det er klare bevis for at plasmakvaliteten som brukes i
denne studien ikke er gunstig. Det var ingen signifikant forskjellige uttrykte miRNAer, men to
miRAN ble observert miR-125a-3p og miR-17-5p, de skilte seg ut fra de gjenværende
miRNAene.publishedVersio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
High fat diet exposure during different life stages in mice and consequences for metabolic programming in the liver
No full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world, and is the
hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity is closely associated with NAFLD. The concept
of fetal programming, known through Barker’s hypothesis and the Developmental Origins of Health and
Disease (DOHaD) approach, suggests that early life environment has consequences for adult health. The
contribution of maternal and early life influences on development of NAFLD is less understood, and would
be of importance to be able to point to intervention measures to improve public health. The main objective
of this master thesis was to assess which NAFLD-related signaling pathways are affected after exposure to
a HFD during five different life stages in liver of adult mice. The animal material used in this thesis
originated from a mouse obesity study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health in 2014. The
mice were divided in five HFD exposed groups fed a 45% fat diet (45% kcal from fat); in utero (IU), during
lactation (LA), in utero and lactation (IU+LA), during whole life from in utero to adulthood (WL) and only as
adult (AD). The results were compared with control group on normal 10% fat diet (CTL). In mice livers, four
lipid classes to assess lipid accumulation were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography, and a
Luminex assay was applied to measure insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) protein expression in serum
samples. Further; liver samples were used to analyze the relative expression of 69 genes involved in
NAFLD signaling pathways through RT-qPCR. Mild liver steatosis (TAG above 5%) was observed in 38%
of the animals in the IU+LA and WL groups compared to none in the CTL and IU groups and 8% in LA and
AD groups. An increase of serum IGF-1 protein expression was suggested in the IU and WL groups;
indicating implication of organ growth for these groups. The gene expression analysis gave three genes
with significantly higher (p<0.05), Il10, Pparδ and Slc2a2, and four genes with borderline significantly
higher (p<0.1), Hnf4a, Insr, Tnfrsf1a and Nfe2l2 expression compared to the CTL group. These genes act
in several signaling pathways related to NAFLD, and are involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress,
insulin and glucose regulation, inflammation and organ developments. Thus, this study suggests a
modification of several of the major NAFLD signaling pathways in one or more of the HFD exposed groups.
The results also propose that the early life period is a phase of increased susceptibility for the risk of
development of liver steatosis and NAFLD, in line with the DOHaD hypothesi
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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