1,720,953 research outputs found
Integrating biodiversity and ecosystem information to support conservation policies : the Biota Functional Gradient project as a case study
No full textOrientadores: Carlos Alfredo Joly, Leila da Costa FerreiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências HumanasResumo: No Brasil, há numerosas instituições e cientistas que produzem conhecimento sobre nossos ecossistemas e muito já se sabe sobre nossa diversidade biológica. Novas descobertas e orientações para a tomada de decisão baseadas em conhecimento científico podem ser feitas pelo uso da informação que já existe, mas que em grande parte está dispersa, mal documentada e inacessível aos interessados. Uma integração é, portanto, necessária e pode ocorrer tanto por meio da consolidação de dados de estudos semelhantes, de forma a expandir escalas temporais e espaciais de análise, como pela associação de conhecimentos gerados por estudos com diferentes abordagens. Novas tecnologias computacionais que permitem lidar com informações de procedência diversa e características heterogêneas podem contribuir para representar o estado atual do conhecimento do sistema terrestre e para comunicar esse conhecimento entre os diversos atores interessados. Nessa direção, os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar o sistema de informação desenvolvido para o Projeto Temático Biota Gradiente Funcional, como estudo de caso para a integração de dados ecológicos e de biodiversidade, e também discutir as aplicações e limitações desse sistema para a conservação e gestão ambiental. Para isso, proponho um arcabouço para investigar uma infraestrutura de informação sobre biodiversidade e discuto o potencial dessa infraestrutura como objeto-ponte entre ciência e processos de tomada de decisão em conservação e gestão ambiental; analiso também as características de dados ecológicos, boas práticas para documentá-los e algumas ferramentas existentes para gerenciá-los, de forma a promover a integração do conhecimento ecológico, descrevo as etapas de desenvolvimento do sistema de informação para o Projeto Temático Biota e o analiso pelas lentes do arcabouço de investigação proposto. O sistema foi eficiente para gerenciar os dados e metadados do Projeto fornecidos pelos pesquisadores. Foi possível recuperar a informação por consultas integradas tanto ao catálogo de metadados, pelo uso de palavras-chave, quanto à base de dados, pela seleção de variáveis e de parâmetros temporais e espaciais. A possibilidade de consultar qualquer variável de interesse, independentemente da associação com uma entidade taxonômica, configura um sistema de informação sobre biodiversidade original e inovador. No sistema estudado, a base de dados é verdadeiramente genérica: a única restrição é a exigência da informação espacial. Os resultados permitiram concluir que avanços em ferramentas computacionais para gerenciar dados de biodiversidade e ecossistemas permitem análises que potencializam o valor de dados coletados em pesquisas individuais. Para perpetuar iniciativas de desenvolvimento tecnológico, como a do sistema aqui investigado, é necessário empreender mais esforços, no sentido de se promoverem os arranjos institucionais, legislativos e administrativos que atuam como alicerces da infraestrutura da informação e conferem sustentabilidade dos sistemas a médio e longo prazo. Além disso, é preciso capacitar recursos humanos no uso e desenvolvimento desses recursos tecnológicos e promover a sensibilização dos atores envolvidos, a fim de tornar o compartilhamento e a curadoria de dados uma prática amplamente realizadaAbstract: There are numerous scientists and institutions that produce knowledge about Brazilian ecosystems, and a lot is already known about the biological diversity therein. New findings and guidelines for decision making based on scientific knowledge can be made by using information that already exists, but is largely dispersed, poorly documented and inaccessible to users. It is therefore necessary to integrate biodiversity information, which may occur by consolidating data from similar studies in order to expand temporal and spatial analysis scales, or by associating knowledge generated by studies with different approaches. New computer technologies are continuously developed by information scientists, providing opportunities for the Biodiversity Informatics field to improve its capacity of making sense of the growing amount of heterogeneous data of diverse provenance, thus contributing to represent the current state of knowledge on the Earth's Systems and to communicate this knowledge among the various stakeholders. This study aimed at analyzing the information system developed for the Thematic Project Biota Functional Gradient as a case study on biodiversity and ecological data integration, and at discussing the applications and limitations of this system for conservation and environmental management. To this end, I propose a framework for investigating biodiversity information infrastructures and discuss their potential as boundary objects between science and decision making in conservation and environmental management; analyze the characteristics of ecological data, the best practices to document them and some existing tools to manage them in order to promote the integration of ecological knowledge; describe the stages of development of the information system for the Thematic Project Biota and discuss it through the lens of the proposed analytical framework. The information system was efficient to manage data and metadata provided by researchers. Information retrieval was possible by querying the metadata catalog based on keywords, and by querying the database system based on the selection of variables and parameters of space and time. The ability to query any variable of interest, regardless of association with a taxonomic entity, set up an original and innovative information system on biodiversity. In the studied system, the database is truly generic: the only restriction is the mandatory requirement for spatial information. The results showed that advances on computational tools for managing biodiversity and ecosystem data enable analyses that maximize the value of data collected in individual surveys. To perpetuate technological development initiatives such as the system investigated here, it is necessary to undertake further efforts in order to promote institutional arrangements, legislation and administration that act as foundations for information infrastructures and provide sustainability over time. Furthermore, it is necessary to train human resources in the use and development of technological tools, and to promote awareness and a collaborative culture between the actors involved in order to make data sharing and curation widely adopted practicesDoutoradoAspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e ConservaçãoDoutor em Ambiente e Sociedad
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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