1,721,197 research outputs found
Ageing and multimorbidity
No full textAlthough growing old is no fun, it beats the other alternative. Unfortunately we are not built like the famous “One Hoss Shay” of Oliver Wendell Holmes’ poem, The Deacon’s Masterpiece. This marvellous horse drawn carriage ran for one hundred years to the day and then completely fell apart. We are not so lucky; as we age some body systems fail before others, leading to a vast array of morbidities that come into play and interact with each other. Understanding these morbidities, how they reinforce or detract from each other and their overall effects on the lung was a field that was largely ignored until about a decade ago
FIGURE 7. Egg sizes and frequencies from four individuals. Binned into 0.5 in Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: A newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench
No full textFIGURE 7. Egg sizes and frequencies from four individuals. Binned into 0.5 mm increments. Small peaks show 22, 23, 7, 14 large eggs for specimens USNM 438994/HADES 200027, SIO 16-81/HADES 200039, SIO 16-87/HADES 200025, USNM 438995/HADES 200085.Published as part of Gerringer, Mackenzie E., Linley, Thomas D., Jamieson, Alan J., Goetze, Erica & Drazen, Jeffrey C., 2017, Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: A newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench, pp. 161-177 in Zootaxa 4358 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/106755
FIGURE 4. A in Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: A newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench
No full textFIGURE 4. A) Ventral view drawing. B) Tooth pattern on maxillary jaw. Counted rows denoted on right side of image. C) Tooth structure of specimen USNM 438996/HADES 200024. D) Disk details of SIO 16-87/HADES 200025 stained with Alizarin Red S. E) Disk of USNM 438995/HADES 200085 stained with Cyanine Blue.Published as part of Gerringer, Mackenzie E., Linley, Thomas D., Jamieson, Alan J., Goetze, Erica & Drazen, Jeffrey C., 2017, Pseudoliparis swirei sp. nov.: A newly-discovered hadal snailfish (Scorpaeniformes: Liparidae) from the Mariana Trench, pp. 161-177 in Zootaxa 4358 (1) on page 166, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4358.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/106755
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Tissue factor-bearing exosome secretion from human mechanically stimulated bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo
No full textBackground: Tissue factor (TF), a primary initiator of blood coagulation, also plays a pivotal role in angiogenesis. TF expression in the airways is associated with asthma, a disease characterized in part by subepithelial angiogenesis.Objectives: To determine potential sources of TF and the mechanisms of its availability in the lung microenvironment.Methods: Normal human bronchial epithelial cells grown in air-liquid interface culture were subjected to a compressive stress of 30 cm H(2)O; this is comparable to that generated in the airway epithelium during bronchoconstriction in asthma. Conditioned media and cells were harvested to measure TF mRNA and TF protein. We also tested bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway biopsies from asthmatic patients and healthy controls for TF.Results: TF mRNA was upregulated 2.2-fold after 3 hours of stress compared with unstressed cells. Intracellular and secreted TF proteins were enhanced 1.6-fold and more than 50-fold, respectively, compared with those of control cells after the onset of compression. The amount of TF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with asthma was found at mean concentrations that were 5 times greater than those of healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining of endobronchial biopsies identified epithelial localization of TF with increased expression in asthma. Exosomes isolated from the conditioned media of normal human bronchial epithelial cells and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic subjects by ultracentrifugation contained TF.Conclusions: Our in vitro and in vivo studies show that mechanically stressed bronchial epithelial cells are a source of secreted TF and that exosomes are potentially a key carrier of the TF signal
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Role of Carrion Supply in the Abundance of Deep-Water Fish off California
Get PDFFew time series of deep-sea systems exist from which the factors affecting abyssal fish populations can be evaluated. Previous analysis showed an increase in grenadier abundance, in the eastern North Pacific, which lagged epibenthic megafaunal abundance, mostly echinoderms, by 9–20 months. Subsequent diet studies suggested that carrion is the grenadier's most important food. Our goal was to evaluate if changes in carrion supply might drive the temporal changes in grenadier abundance. We analyzed a unique 17 year time series of abyssal grenadier abundance and size, collected at Station M (4100 m, 220 km offshore of Pt. Conception, California), and reaffirmed the increase in abundance and also showed an increase in mean size resulting in a ~6 fold change in grenadier biomass. We compared this data with abundance estimates for surface living nekton (pacific hake and jack mackerel) eaten by the grenadiers as carrion. A significant positive correlation between Pacific hake (but not jack mackerel) and grenadiers was found. Hake seasonally migrate to the waters offshore of California to spawn. They are the most abundant nekton species in the region and the target of the largest commercial fishery off the west coast. The correlation to grenadier abundance was strongest when using hake abundance metrics from the area within 100 nmi of Station M. No significant correlation between grenadier abundance and hake biomass for the entire California current region was found. Given the results and grenadier longevity, migration is likely responsible for the results and the location of hake spawning probably is more important than the size of the spawning stock in understanding the dynamics of abyssal grenadier populations. Our results suggest that some abyssal fishes' population dynamics are controlled by the flux of large particles of carrion. Climate and fishing pressures affecting epipelagic fish stocks could readily modulate deep-sea fish dynamics
Oceanographic Influences On Pelagic Community Ecology Across The Eastern Pacific Ocean: Insights From Acoustics And Combined Sampling Approaches
Get PDFRemote open-ocean habitats are globally understudied due to their inaccessibility and the costs associated with sampling so far from land. The eastern Pacific Ocean is one such habitat whose pelagic biology is largely unsampled, despite a rapidly emerging deep-sea mining industry across much of this region and the presence of an expanding oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). In this dissertation, I use active acoustics to investigate the dynamics of pelagic prey populations, namely micronekton and large zooplankton, in relation to regional and mesoscale oceanography across the eastern Pacific. At the broadest scale, I find that depth structure and vertical migration patterns of pelagic fauna (observed as scattering layers) vary greatly across the region, with the eastern tropical Pacific OMZ acting as the strongest predictor of these dynamics. Using these relationships to predict behaviors across the eastern Pacific Ocean, I find that an existing network of no-mining reserves lies outside of the core OMZ and may not represent or protect the pelagic OMZ fauna at highest risk from future mining impacts. At smaller spatial and temporal scales within the region, I find that the passage of cyclonic and anticyclonic mid-ocean eddies, as well as a strong near-surface current boundary, greatly influence the vertical structure and strength of acoustic scattering layers. In addition to broader regional patterns, this work highlights the considerable daily and weekly variability of pelagic populations in the eastern Pacific Ocean that is inherent to open ocean conditions and plays a large role in aggregation and predator-prey interactions. As acoustic techniques are limited in what they sample, I further explore pelagic community dynamics through the various perspectives and biases of several different sampling approaches in the first integrated evaluation of micronekton in the remote eastern Pacific. Using active acoustics, MOCNESS trawls, and ROV video footage, I find that trawl and video data greatly expand perceived micronekton distributions suggested by surface-based acoustic profiles. I find that while acoustic and trawl data show similar seasonal trends with greater total backscatter, abundance, and biomass, during the spring, the vertical distributions of these metrics are quite variable between survey sites and seasons. At large, this dissertation highlights the strong variability of pelagic faunal communities in remote ocean habitats and the complexities of observing these populations through different lenses. The research discussed is the first to use Saildrones to examine micronekton in the open ocean and provides some of the only remote sampling of pelagic prey communities in the eastern Pacific Ocean.Ph.D
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