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پاکستانی زبانیں اور بولیاں: ایک بنیادی تعارف
No full textPakistan is a country with amazing linguistic variation and a large number of languages and dialects are spoken in Pakistan. Some linguists have put the number of languages spoken in Pakistan as high as 77. But it is a matter of concern, says the author in this paper, that no authentic survey of languages spoken in Pakistan has ever been conducted and most of the information we have is based on either some foreign scholars and linguists or some foreign publications. This paper discusses the names and number of languages and dialects spoken in Pakistan, pinpointing the areas where they are spoken. It also mentions the languages that are considered endangered since the number of their native speakers is also dwindling
اردو میں بائبل کے لسانی تراجم :ایک مختصر سماجی و لسانی مطالعہ
No full textBible's translations into Urdu have a long history. These translations have a peculiar religious, social, literary and linguistic background. This article finds and analyses some of the oldest Urdu translations of Bible. The author has pointed out some orthographic and phonetic peculiarities of some of the old Urdu translations of Bible as they are marked with certain tendencies. For instance, the older versions have a tendency to lengthen the vowels and hence the orthographic manifestation of certain words is quite different from what we find in today's Urdu language. The article also takes into account the change in spellings due to change in the articulation of aspirated sounds, nasal sounds and retro-flex sounds. As these translations were rendered in different parts of India, the effects of specific regional dialects of Urdu and local social conditions too have influenced these translations.
فیلن کی اُردو بہ انگریزی لغت اور اس کے چند دلچسپ اندراجات و اسناد
No full textS. W. Fallon (1817-1880) is known for the dictionaries of the Urdu language (which was also known as 'Hindustani' at that time) that he compiled. There are several Urdu-English and English -Urdu dictionaries to his credit. But his dictionary that has attracted much appreciation, and some criticism as well, is titled "A new Hindustani-English Dictionary" and subtitled "with illustrations from Hindustani literature and folk-lore". Published from Banaras in 1879, it has a rich and invaluable collection of Urdu words, phrases, proverbs and quotations from Urdu and Hindi literature. A specialty of the dictionary is the inclusion of words and expressions from Urdu's regional dialects and rustic vernaculars, a feature that most of Urdu lexicographers did not deem fit for inclusion. This paper evaluates some of the critical opinions about this dictionary of Fallon's in the light of the modern lexicographic principles. It also studies some off the interesting and rare words/phrases/ expressions that have made it to the dictionary and are rarely found in other Urdu dictionaries considered authentic
تاریخی لغت نویسی: اصول پس منظر اور بنیاد
No full textHistorical lexicography is based on the historical principle, also known as philological principle. This article describes this principle and its historical background, viz-a-viz Oxford English Dictionary and Urdu Dictionary Board's 22-Volume dictionary. It also defines various kinds of dictionaries macro- structure and micro-structure of dictionaries, with reference to lexical semantics.
لسان اور لسانیات: چند جدید پہلو
No full textIn Urdu, not much has been written on language and linguistics and whatever little is written is now obsolete and old-fashioned. This article offers some new aspects and definitions of language and linguistics and explains the new progress made in the field. It gives the subfields of linguistics, some prominent features common in the languages of the world and criticises those who have quoted the definitions of language and linguistics from some 80-year-old dictionaries
فرہنگ محاورات اردو:امیر مینائی کی ایک نادر اور غیر مطبوعہ لغت(بسلسلہ نوادرات)۔
No full textAmeer Meenai was a well-known poet and prose-writer of Urdu and Persian. But he was a great lexicographer too. Aside from his published dictionaries, many of his lexicographic works remain unpublished. One such work is Farhang-e-Muhavrat-e-Urdu. This article is based on the rare manuscript of that dictionary and it analyses this work along with a few sample page.
جان ٹی پلیٹس،اس کی اردو بہ انگریزی لغت، اس کے پیش رو اور مقلد
No full textJohn Thompson Platts (1830-1904) was a lexicographer whose 'A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi and English' (1884) is considered a landmark in the history of Urdu lexicography. This article, aside from tracing Platts' biographical details and his other works, evaluates the contents of the dictionary and traces the influence on Platts of his predecessors, especially John Shakespeare. It also mentions the influence that Platts and John Shakespeare exerted on F. Steingass
عہدِ سرسید میں بائبل مقدس کے تراجم کی اہمیت اور منتخب تراجم کا لسانی مطالعہ
No full textSir Syed Ahmed Khan had a peculiar view on every aspect of life, including religions and scriptures. as a part of his endeavors to reduce the tension between the Muslims of the subcontinent and the Britsh, Sir Syed wrote many types of books and articles.Among them was 'Tabeen-ul-Kalam’, a commentary on Bible. He published this book from Ghazipur in 1863. in those days, some other writers and preachers too were busy translating Bible into Urdu. these translations have great linguistic significance as well, since they reflect the Urdu language and religious vocabulary being used in translating the scriptures. This paper evaluates and analyses certain linguistic aspects and peculiarities of these translations from grammatical and linguistic perspective.
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