1,721,017 research outputs found
Goût et cancer : satisfaire les sens pour maintenir le plaisir de manger pendant la chimiothérapie
No full textLe maintien du plaisir à s'alimenter durant un traitement par chimiothérapie est un enjeu majeur pour les patients, leurs familles et les professionnels de la restauration en hôpital afin de lutter contre la dénutrition. Or, les altérations sensorielles fréquemment observées chez les patients et exprimées différemment d'un patient à l'autre peuvent interférer avec le goût des aliments, impactant négativement le plaisir résultant de leur consommation. L'objectif de ce travail est de contribuer à définir un modèle exhaustif de l'effet de la chimiothérapie pendant le cancer sur les capacité olfactives et gustatives des patients, et des conséquences que cela peut avoir sur leur comportement alimentaire. Une première partie porte sur la compréhension de la variabilité des modifications sensorielles et de leurs conséquences sur le comportement alimentaire des patients. Nos résultats ont conclu à l'existence de divers profils sensoriels chez les patients sous chimiothérapie : les patients ne présentant pas d'altérations sensorielles, les patients présentant une hyposensibilité, et les patients présentant une hypersensibilité aux stimulations olfactives/gustatives. Les patients ayant des altérations des capacités olfactives/gustatives ont également montré des modifications du comportement alimentaire. D'une part, la classification des patients sur la base de leurs capacités sensorielles auto-déclarées a mis en évidence l'impact négatif de l'hyposensibilité aux stimulations olfactives et gustatives sur la perception des aliments. D'autres part, une classification basée sur les capacités olfactives évaluées par des tests psychophysiques a montré une modification des habitudes de consommation chez les patients atteints d'hyposmie. Les deux approches ont conclu à une tendance générale à la baisse des capacités perceptives chez les patients atteints de cancer et traités par chimiothérapie. Une seconde partie plus opérationnelle a permis de tester l'enrichissement sensoriel comme stratégie de palliation des déficits sensoriels. Les résultats suggèrent qu'un enrichissement en saveur ou en arôme augmente l'appréciation de l'aliment pour le groupe de patients ayant reporté une baisse de la sensibilité olfactive/gustative, ainsi que les patients n'ayant pas déclaré avoir de déficits sensoriels mais pas dans le groupe de sujets contrôles. Ces travaux mettent en évidence la diversité interindividuelle existante entre les patients et confirment l'implication des altérations olfactives/gustatives dans la modification du comportement alimentaire. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance d'une prise en charge nutritionnelle personnalisée des patients selon leur profil d'altérations sensoriellesMaintaining the pleasure of eating during a chemotherapy treatment is a major challenge for patients, their families and hospital catering professionals to avoid malnutrition. However, the sensory alterations frequently observed in patients and expressed differently from one patient to another can interfere with the taste of food and reduce the pleasure resulting from food consumption. The aim of this work is to contribute to define a model of the effect of chemotherapy during cancer on olfactory and gustatory abilities of patients, and the consequences that this may have on their eating behavior. The first part of this work focuses on understanding the variability of sensory changes and their consequences on patients’ eating behavior. Our results highlighted three main sensory profiles : patients with no sensory impairment, patients with hyposensitivity, and patients with hypersensitivity to olfactory / gustatory stimuli. Patients with impaired olfactory / gustatory abilities expressed also changes in their food behavior.The classification of patients on the basis of their self-reported sensory abilities highlighted the negative impact of hyposensitivity on food taste perception. The classification based on psychophysical assessment of olfactory abilities showed a change in consumption habits in patients with hyposmia. Both approaches found a general downward trend in perceptual abilities of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.In the second part of this work we examined the effect of food sensory enhancement as a coping strategy to sensory alterations. The results suggest that taste or aroma enhancement increases food liking in patients with decreased olfactory / taste sensitivity, and patients who did not report taste and smell deficits but has no effect on the hedonic rating of food in the group of control subjects. This work highlights the interindividual diversity existing between patients and confirms the involvement of olfactory / taste alterations in patients food behavior modification. Our results stresses the importance of personalized nutritional management of patients considering their sensory alteration profil
The effect of consumption of dairy products in the diet, on appetite and BMI in humans
No full textAs the incidence of obesity reaches 'epidemic' proportions, there is currently widespread interest in the impact of dietary components on body weight and food intake. Available evidence from epidemiological and intervention studies suggest a negative but modest relationship between milk product consumption and measures of adiposity. The purported physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of dairy constituents on adiposity are incompletely understood but may include effects on lipolysis, lipogenesis and fat absorption. The relationships between type of dairy products and adiposity were analysed using data derived from the Caerphilly Cohort. Results indicated that most of the positive effect is due to milk, with the body mass index of high milk consumers (>568ml/d) being less than non-milk consumers. There 'is a paucity of evidence regarding the effect of increased milk consumption or the effect of different types of milk products on appetite and overall energy intake. A cross-over study in forty overweight men was conducted, which examined the effect of consumption of individual milk products as snacks on appetite (Visual analogue scale scores) and subsequent ad libitum meal energy intake. Results showed that among the milk products, yoghurt had the greatest impact on suppression of appetite. Hunger ratings were 8%, 10% and 24% (P<0.001) lower after intake of yoghurt compared with intake of cheese, milk and water respectively, although there were no differences in energy intake. The diversity of responses to nutritional interventions could be partly explained by genetic variation. Therefore, relationships between appetite ratings derived from the cross-over study and particular genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in men were examined. Results suggested a role of specific SNPs in the rs9939609 (FTO) and leptin genes on satiety. Further human trials are required to investigate whether milk and its constituents have an effect on appetite regulation, and as a consequence on subsequent energy intake, and to establish responsiveness in population subgroups.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Comparable effects of breakfast meals varying in protein source on appetite and subsequent energy intake in healthy males
No full textPurpose: The satiating effect of animal vs plant proteins remains unknown. The present study examined the effects of breakfasts containing animal proteins [milk (AP)], a blend of plant proteins [oat, pea and potato (VP)] or 50:50 mixture of the two (MP) compared with a carbohydrate-rich meal (CHO) on appetite, energy intake (EI) and metabolic measures. Methods: A total of 28 males [mean age 27.4 (±SD 4.2) years, BMI 23.4 (±2.1) kg/m2] consumed three isoenergetic (1674 kJ) rice puddings matched for energy density and macronutrient content as breakfast (25% E from protein) in a single-blind, randomised, cross over design. Appetite ratings and blood samples were collected and assessed at baseline and every 30 and 60 min, respectively, until an ad libitum test meal was served 3.5 h later. Free-living appetite was recorded hourly and EI in weighed food records for the remainder of the day. Results: No differences in subjective appetite ratings were observed after consumption of the AP, VP and MP. Furthermore, there were no differences between the AP, VP, MP and CHO breakfasts in ad libitum EI and self-reported EI during the remainder of the day. Although insulin metabolism was not affected, CHO induced a higher glucose response (P = 0.001) and total amino acids concentration was in the order of AP = MP > VP > CHO breakfast (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Manipulating the protein source of foods consumed as breakfast, elicited comparable effects on appetite and EI at both laboratory and free-living environment in healthy men
Quel équilibre nutritionnel pour une bonne santé ?
No full textConférence grand public "La science a du goût" sur le stand INRAE au Salon International de l'Agriculture SIA2022.National audienc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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