1,720,984 research outputs found
Evolutionary genomics of the Chlamydiae
No full textDas bakterielle Phylum Chlamydiae setzt sich aus intrazellulären Parasiten zusammen, die eine direkte Relevanz für die menschliche und tierische Gesundheit haben. Annähernd 84 Millionen Menschen leiden unter den Folgen einer Infektion mit Chlamydia trachomatis, der führenden Ursache für vermeidbare Blindheit. Während sich selbstverständlich viel Forschung auf diese Pathogene konzentriert, repräsentieren sie eigentlich nur einen kleinen Teil der Chlamydien-artigen Organismen. Ausserhalb der Familie der Chlamydiaceae, welche die wohlbekannten Pathogene beinhält, liegt eine gigantische Vielfalt von Chlamydien-artigen Organismen, die wiederum eine fantastische Auswahl an eukaryotischen Wirten ihr eigen nennen, die sich von frei lebenden Protisten über kaum studierte marine Würmer, Fische und Insekten erstreckt. Diese Arbeit versucht mit Hilfe von Genomik die Entstehungsgeschichte dieser erstaunlichen Mikroben freizulegen. Zuerst untersuchten wir die Evolution von genetischem Inhalt über evolutionäre Zeit und fanden dabei massive genomische Ausdehnung als ein Resultat von Genduplikation. Der Evolutionsmodus für wirtsassoziierte Mikroben ist einigermaßen einzigartig und könnte einen neuen Weg widerspiegeln in dem Organismen genomische Diversität generieren. Zum Zweiten wandten wir vergleichende Genomik an um die vorhergesagten regulatorischen Netzwerke aller zur Gänze sequenzierten chlamydien-artigen Organismen aufzuklären. Diese Arbeit stellt die erste Phylum-weite Untersuchung dar, die Einsicht in die Regulation der Genexpression gibt und notwendiges Licht auf die im Dunkeln liegende Konservierung und Differenzierung der Genregulation zwischen den chlamydien-artigen Organismen wirft. Zum Dritten testeten wir mit robusten Methoden eine führende evolutionäre Hypothese bezüglicher der Rolle von ursprünglichen Chlamydien in der Ausbildung der Plastidenendosymbiose. Mit Hilfe von genaueren, komplexen phylogenetischen Modellen konnten wir zeigen, dass es nur wenige unterstützende Hinweise für eine Rolle der Chlamydien in der symbiotischen Vereinnahmung der Plastiden gibt. Das Ausmaß und die Breite der angewandten evolutionären genomischen Analysen in dieser Arbeit haben weitgreifende Implikationen für das Feld der Chlamydienbiologie und erweitern im Allgemeinen unser Verständnis der evolutionären Kräfte, die auf wirtsassoziierte Mikroorganismen wirken.The bacterial phylum Chlamydiae is comprised of obligate intracellular parasites with direct relevance to human and animal health. The human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis affects nearly 84 million people globally, and represents the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. While much research focus has naturally been on these pathogens, they represent only a small fraction of the diversity of chlamydial organisms. Outside of the family Chlamydiaceae, which are the family pertaining to the known pathogens, lies a tremendous diversity of chlamydial organisms and they are associated with a fantastic array of eukaryotic hosts, ranging from free-living protists, enigmatic marine worms, fish, and insects. This work sought to use genomics to uncover the evolutionary history of these amazing microbes. Firstly, we studied the evolution of gene content throughout evolutionary time, discovering that certain chlamydial lineages have had tremendous genomic expansions as a result of gene duplications. The specific mode of evolution is rather unique for host-associated microbes and may represent a novel way in which these organisms generate genomic diversity. Secondly, we used comparative genomics to elucidate predicted regulatory networks for all fully sequenced chlamydial organisms. This work provides the first phylum wide examination as to how chlamydial organisms regulate gene expression and shed much needed insight on the conservation and differences in gene regulation between chlamydial organisms. Thirdly, we robustly tested a leading evolutionary hypothesis concerning the role of ancient chlamydiae in the establishment of the plastid endosymbiosis. Using more accurate complex phylogenetic models, we showed that there is little evidence to support the role of chlamydiae in the plastid symbiotic capture. The scope and breadth of evolutionary genomics analyses presented in this work have far reaching implications within the field of chlamydial biology and more generally furthers our understanding of evolutionary forces acting upon host-associated microbes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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