183,078 research outputs found
Planning in Brazil, India and Germany
No full textPlanning is a fundamental cognitive ability that helps in organizing and structuring events unfolding in a person\u27s daily life. Two studies are presented that analyze planning behavior in different cultures: Brazil, India, and Germany. The first is a cross-cultural psychological study in which students develop plans for uncertain problem scenarios. The second study follows a cultural psychological tradition. Workers from different domains are interviewed about their life problems and plans. The strengths and the weaknesses of both approaches become obvious in the description and discussion of these two studies. The cross-cultural study sheds light on cross-cultural similarities and differences in planning in Brazil, India, and Germany. The cultural psychological approach yields data regarding a theoretical model on the specific cultural influences on planning
Decision Making in Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
No full textHow do cultural values influence individuals\u27 decision making? One would expect answers to this question either from cognitive psychology or from cross-cultural psychology. Cognitive theories on decision making, however, rarely consider the factor of culture, and research in cross-cultural psychology deals only to a small extent with decision making. Therefore the study of culture and decision making is a relatively new and unexplored field. In this paper normative and descriptive approaches to decision making are discussed and three cross-cultural studies on decision making in individualistic and collectivist cultures using different methodologies are described. The results are integrated into a model that can be helpful to derive specific hypotheses for further studies in this field
Die Dominik-Höhle auf dem Pilatus
No full textIn der Nordwand des Widderfeldes (Felswand auf dem Pilatus) erscheint der Eingang zur sagenumwobenen Dominik-HöhleMartin Usteri del.Zusätzliche Beschriftung recto: "M2. XII4 Taf I"; links unten "Kriens
X-ray emissions from progenitors of type Ia Supernovae
No full textContains fulltext :
115725.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 15 november 2013Promotores : Nelemans, G.A., Dominik, C. Co-promotor : Voss, R.107 p
Reduction of Parasitic Capacitance in Vertical MOSFETs by Spacer Local Oxidation
No full textApplication of double gate or surround-gate vertical metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is hindered by the parasitic overlap capacitance associated with their oayout, which is considerably larger than for a lateral MOSFET on the same technology node. A simple self-aligned procfess has been developed to reduce the parasitic overlap capacitance in MOSFETs using nitride spacers on the sidewalls of the trench or pillar and a local oxidation. This will result in an oxide layer on all exposed planar surfaces, but no oxide layer on the protected vertical channel area of the pillar. The encroachment of the oxide on the side of the pillar is studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)which is used to calibrate the nitride viscosity in the process simulations. Surround gate vertical transistors incorporating the spacer oxidation have been fabricated, and these transistors show the integrity of the process and excellent subthreshold slope and drive current. The reduction in intrinsic capacitance is calculated to be a factor of three. Pillar capacitors with a more advanced process have been fabricated and the total measured capacitance is reduced by a factor of five compared with structures without the spacer oxidation. Device simulations confirm the measured reduction in capacitance
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies of the Ring Opening and Denitrogenation of Pyridine and Picolines by Ti−C Multiple Bonds
No full textThe neopentylidene-neopentyl complex (PNP)Ti=CH(t)Bu(CH(2)(t)Bu) (1; PNP(-) = N[2-P(CHMe(2))2-4-methylphenyl]2) extrudes neopentane in neat pyridine or picoline (3- or 4-picoline) under mild conditions (25 degrees C), to generate the transient titanium alkylidyne intermediate (PNP)Ti C(1)Bu (A), which subsequently ring-opens the pyridine by ring-opening metathesis of the aromatic N=C bond across the Ti C linkage, generating the metallaazabicycles (PNP)Ti(C((t)Bu)C(5)H(3)RNH) (R = H (2), 3-Me (3), 4-Me (4)). Kinetic studies suggest that the C N activation process obeys a pseudo-first-order process in titanium, with a-hydrogen abstraction being the rate-determining step (the KIE for 1/1-d(3) conversion to 2 was 3.8(3) at 25 degrees C). The activation parameters are Delta H* = 23(3) kcal/mol and Delta S* = -4(3) cal/(mol K). The intermolecular k(H)/k(D) ratio is close to unity, 1.07(3) at 25 C, for the conversion of 1 to 2 in pyridine versus pyridine-d(5). Detailed theoretical studies suggest the 1 -> 2 transformation proceeds in the following order: (i) formation of A in an overall endergonic step by a-hydrogen abstraction, (ii) an exergonic binding of pyridine, and (iii) concerted, exergonic 1,2 + 21 cycloaddition followed by (iv) exergonic ring-opening metathesis and finally (v) a concerted hydrogen atom migration. Complexes 2-4 can denitrogenate, that is, completely remove N of the heterocycle at 65 C over 7211, when treated with silyl chlorides such as ClSi R(3) (R = Me, (i)Pr, Ph) to cleanly afford the titanium silylimides (PNP)Ti=NSiR(3)(Cl) (R = Me (8), (i)Pr (9), Ph (10)) and the corresponding (1)Bu-arene organic byproduct. [Et(3)Si][B(C(6)F(5))(4)] also promotes denitrogenation of 2 to yield (t)Bu-benzene, but the metal complex could not be characterized from such a reaction. The conversion 2 -> 8 was found to have activation parameters Delta H* = 30(6) kcal/mol and Delta S* = 10(2) cal/(mol K), therefore yielding activation parameters Delta H* = 30(6) kcal/mol and Delta S* = 10(2) cal/(mol K), therefore yielding Delta G*approximate to kcal/mol at 298.15 K. A KIE of 1.6(2) at 85 degrees C was observed when 2/2-d(5) were denitrogenated to 8 in the presence of ClSiMe(3), with the rate of the reaction being insensitive to both the steric nature and concentration of the trialkylsilyl chloride. Denitrogenation leading to 8-10 is proposed to occur via a series of steps including a 1,3-hydrogen migration, an electrocyclic rearrangement, a retrocycloaddition, and a Si-Cl addition. The transformations 1 -> 2/3/4 and 2/3/4 -> 8 can be made cyclic by a series of steps such as deimination of the imide moiety in 8 with 2 equiv of MoCl(5), followed by reduction and transmetalation with LiCH(2)(t)Bu and then oxidatively induced a-hydrogen abstraction. The reactivity of 1 with other heterocycles such as THF, thiophene, and piperidine is also discussed
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