196,014 research outputs found
Mechanisms of change in digital interventions for depression: Protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis
No full textDigital interventions for depression might have the potential to extend and augment evidence-based treatements for this common mental disorder. Although the efficacy of digital interventions for depressive disorders is well established (Karyotaki et al., 2017; Karyotaki et al., 2018; Karyotaki et al., 2021; Königbauer et al., 2017; Reins et al., 2020), comprehensive and integrated knowledge about their mechanisms of change is largely pending. Precise information on the mediators and mechanisms of change in these interventions is crucial, in order to advance intervention development and clinical practice, contributing to more effective interventions and improved treatment outcomes (Domhardt, Cuijpers et al., 2021; Domhardt, Steubl et al., 2021).
The project "Mechanisms of change in internet- and mobile-based interventions for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (howIMIwork)" is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Grant Identification FKZ 01KG1802).
References:
Domhardt, M., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). More Light? Opportunities and Pitfalls in Digitalized Psychotherapy Process Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 544129. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.544129
Domhardt, M., Steubl, L., Boettcher, J., Buntrock, C., Karyotaki, E., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Mediators and mechanisms of change in internet- and mobile-based interventions for depression: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 83, 101953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101953
Karyotaki, E., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., Mackinnon, A., Meyer, B., Botella, C., Littlewood, E., Andersson, G., Christensen, H., Klein, J. P., Schroder, J., Breton-Lopez, J., Scheider, J., Griffiths, K., Farrer, L., Huibers, M. J., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2017). Efficacy of Self-guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(4), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0044
Karyotaki, E., Ebert, D. D., Donkin, L., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Burger, S., Rozental, A., Lange, A., Williams, A. D., Zarski, A. C., Geraedts, A., van Straten, A., Kleiboer, A., Meyer, B., Ünlü Ince, B. B., Buntrock, C., Lehr, D., Snoek, F. J., Andrews, G., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2018). Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.007
Karyotaki, E., Efthimiou, O., Miguel, C., Bermpohl, F. M. G., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., Patel, V., Mira, A., Gemmil, A. W., Yeung, A. S., Lange, A., Williams, A. D., Mackinnon, A., Geraedts, A., van Straten, A., Meyer, B., Björkelund, C., Knaevelsrud, C., . . . Forsell, Y. (2021). Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(4), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4364
Königbauer, J., Letsch, J., Doebler, P., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2017). Internet- and mobile-based depression interventions for people with diagnosed depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 223, 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.021
Reins, J. A., Buntrock, C., Zimmermann, J., Grund, S., Harrer, M., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Weisel, K., Domhardt, M., Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Spek, V., Nobis, S., Snoek, F., Cuijpers, P., Klein, J. P., Moritz, S., & Ebert, D. D. (2020). Efficacy and Moderators of Internet-Based Interventions in Adults with Subthreshold Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/00050781
Mechanisms of change in digital interventions for depression: Protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis
No full textDigital interventions for depression might have the potential to extend and augment evidence-based treatements for this common mental disorder. Although the efficacy of digital interventions for depressive disorders is well established (Karyotaki et al., 2017; Karyotaki et al., 2018; Karyotaki et al., 2021; Königbauer et al., 2017; Reins et al., 2020), comprehensive and integrated knowledge about their mechanisms of change is largely pending. Precise information on the mediators and mechanisms of change in these interventions is crucial, in order to advance intervention development and clinical practice, contributing to more effective interventions and improved treatment outcomes (Domhardt, Cuijpers et al., 2021; Domhardt, Steubl et al., 2021).
The project "Mechanisms of change in internet- and mobile-based interventions for depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (howIMIwork)" is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; Grant Identification FKZ 01KG1802).
References:
Domhardt, M., Cuijpers, P., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021). More Light? Opportunities and Pitfalls in Digitalized Psychotherapy Process Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 544129. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.544129
Domhardt, M., Steubl, L., Boettcher, J., Buntrock, C., Karyotaki, E., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., & Baumeister, H. (2021). Mediators and mechanisms of change in internet- and mobile-based interventions for depression: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 83, 101953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101953
Karyotaki, E., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Hoogendoorn, A., Kleiboer, A., Mira, A., Mackinnon, A., Meyer, B., Botella, C., Littlewood, E., Andersson, G., Christensen, H., Klein, J. P., Schroder, J., Breton-Lopez, J., Scheider, J., Griffiths, K., Farrer, L., Huibers, M. J., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2017). Efficacy of Self-guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(4), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0044
Karyotaki, E., Ebert, D. D., Donkin, L., Riper, H., Twisk, J., Burger, S., Rozental, A., Lange, A., Williams, A. D., Zarski, A. C., Geraedts, A., van Straten, A., Kleiboer, A., Meyer, B., Ünlü Ince, B. B., Buntrock, C., Lehr, D., Snoek, F. J., Andrews, G., . . . Cuijpers, P. (2018). Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 63, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.007
Karyotaki, E., Efthimiou, O., Miguel, C., Bermpohl, F. M. G., Furukawa, T. A., Cuijpers, P., Riper, H., Patel, V., Mira, A., Gemmil, A. W., Yeung, A. S., Lange, A., Williams, A. D., Mackinnon, A., Geraedts, A., van Straten, A., Meyer, B., Björkelund, C., Knaevelsrud, C., . . . Forsell, Y. (2021). Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(4), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4364
Königbauer, J., Letsch, J., Doebler, P., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2017). Internet- and mobile-based depression interventions for people with diagnosed depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 223, 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.021
Reins, J. A., Buntrock, C., Zimmermann, J., Grund, S., Harrer, M., Lehr, D., Baumeister, H., Weisel, K., Domhardt, M., Imamura, K., Kawakami, N., Spek, V., Nobis, S., Snoek, F., Cuijpers, P., Klein, J. P., Moritz, S., & Ebert, D. D. (2020). Efficacy and Moderators of Internet-Based Interventions in Adults with Subthreshold Depression: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1159/00050781
Digital interventions for common mental disorders across the lifespan: Exploring active ingredients and mechanisms of change
No full textCommon mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety, are among the main contributors to the global burden of disease across age groups. Although a range of evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions for these prevalent disorders exist, many patients receive no empirically-supported psychotherapeutic intervention due to the unavailability of mental health care services and other significant structural and individual barriers to treatment. Digital mental health interventions might represent an important approach to overcome this treatment gap and extend evidence-based psychotherapeutic service provisions, given some specific features like delivery independent from space and time, potential cost-effectiveness, scalability as well as possible anonymity. While the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions for most CMD in different age groups are established by dozens of randomized controlled trials (RCT) by now, comprehensive knowledge on the active ingredients and mechanisms of change in these interventions is still lacking. Insights on the active ingredients, mediators and working mechanisms is of high scientific and clinical relevance though, as it can inform the empirically-supported advancement of interventions and clinical practices, striving for augmented and efficient interventions with better treatment outcomes. As such, the overarching aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the knowledge on the active ingredients and processes of change in digital interventions for CMD across the lifespan, enhancing our understandings whereby and how these interventions work. To this end, a series of studies building on different methodologies were conducted, in order to meet the specific research questions at hand – with a particular focus on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs, providing the most comprehensive and best-available evidence. In specific, part I of this dissertation describes the systematic evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness and quality of internet- and mobile-based interventions for different CMD across age groups with limited evidence so far (Chapters 1-4). These chapters contribute to the evaluation of the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions, since the establishment that these interventions work is a fundamental prerequisite for all subsequent research on change mechanisms. Part II designates a conceptual and integrative psychological model of the mechanisms of change in digital interventions for depression as a principal framework for (digitalized) research on psychotherapy processes (Chapter 5). In part III, the novel possibilities as well as the challenges of digitalized approaches to psychotherapy process research are outlined and discussed in a perspective paper (Chapter 6). Part IV describes the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the incremental effects of distinct intervention components of digital interventions for anxiety disorders in adults (Chapter 7). Part V can be conceived as the heart of this dissertation and is dedicated to the mediators and mechanisms of change in digital interventions in four different settings: for the prevention of depression in patients with chronic back pain (Chapter 8), for several CMD in youth (Chapter 9), as well as for the psychological treatment of anxiety (Chapter 10) and depression (Chapter 11) in adults. These studies rely on three different methodologies, namely a secondary analysis of a multicenter RCT, two systematic reviews and a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Overall, the results of this dissertation highlight that: (a) Digital interventions are effective for a range of CMD across the lifespan, with a robust trend of smaller effect sizes in unguided interventions (compared to guided interventions) and in interventions for younger age groups (i.e., adults > adolescents > children). (b) Uncertainties exist around the efficacy of mobile-based interventions. (c) A range of intervention components contribute to the efficacy of internet-based interventions, with an overarching importance of human guidance and modules that support the active coping of patients. (d) The qualification of e-coaches, the respective theoretical background and the disorder-specificity of interventions may not make a difference for the efficacy in anxiety disorders, as suggested by further meta-analytical evaluations. (e) A variety of distinct mediators transmit the efficacy of interventions, with cognitive factors appearing to be of particular relevance in depression and anxiety disorders. (f) Across studies, the best established, significant mediators are acceptance, mindfulness, self-efficacy, reductions in dysfunctional cognitions, perceived control and mastery, as well as emotion regulation particularly in youth. Finally, in part VI, the findings of this dissertation are integrated and discussed. Furthermore, implications for future research and methodological recommendations for forthcoming studies with more pertinent designs, allowing for inferences with higher causal certainty, are provided.Depression und Angststörungen gehören über alle Altersgruppen hinweg zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen und tragen substantiell zur weltweiten Krankheitslast bei. Obgleich eine Reihe von evidenz-basierten psychotherapeutischen Interventionen für diese prävalenten Erkrankungen vorliegen, erhält eine Vielzahl von Patient:innen keine empirisch-fundierte Intervention aufgrund nur unzureichend zur Verfügung stehender psychotherapeutischer Versorgungsangebote sowie weiterer bedeutender struktureller und individueller Barrieren, welche einer Behandlung entgegenstehen. Digitale psychotherapeutische Interventionen könnten einen bedeutsamen Beitrag zur Überwindung dieser Versorgungslücke leisten und zu einer Ausweitung psychotherapeutischer Behandlungsangebote führen. Dabei dürften manche ihrer spezifischen Eigenschaften zum Tragen kommen, wie etwa die Nutzungsmöglichkeit rund um die Uhr losgelöst von räumlichen Beschränkungen, der potentiellen Kosten-Effektivität, Skalierbarkeit sowie möglichen Anonymität in der Umsetzung. Wenngleich die Wirksamkeit digitaler psychotherapeutischer Interventionen für die meisten häufigen psychischen Störungen in verschiedenen Altersgruppen durch zahlreiche randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien (RCT) zwischenzeitlich als gut belegt anzusehen ist, besteht immer noch ein Mangel an fundiertem Wissen über deren Wirkfaktoren und Veränderungsmechanismen. Ein umfassendes und vertieftes Verständnis über die therapeutisch-relevanten Wirkfaktoren, Mediatoren und spezifischen Wirkungsweisen wäre jedoch von hoher wissenschaftlicher und klinischer Bedeutung, da diese Erkenntnisse eine empirisch-begründete Weiterentwicklung der Interventionen und klinischen Praxis ermöglichen würden. Darüber könnte ein wichtiger Beitrag zu optimierten und effizienteren Interventionen mit verbesserten Behandlungsergebnissen geleistet werden. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Dissertation besteht dementsprechend darin, zu einem erweiterten und vertieften empirisch-begründeten Wissen über die therapeutisch-aktiven Wirkfaktoren und Veränderungsmechanismen digitaler Interventionen für häufige psychische Erkrankungen über die Lebensspanne beizutragen, und damit unser Verständnis zu verbessern, wodurch und auf welche Weisen diese Interventionen wirken. Um dieses übergeordnete Ziel zu erreichen und um die jeweiligen spezifischen Forschungsfragen der einzelnen Untersuchungen so gut wie möglich beantworten zu können, wurde eine Reihe von Studien mit unterschiedlicher Methodologie durchgeführt – mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Meta-Analysen von RCTs, da diese die umfassendste und aussagekräftigste Evidenz aufbereiten und erbringen können. Im einzelnen widmet sich der erste Teil dieser Dissertation der systematischen Evaluation der Wirksamkeit und Qualität von Internet- und mobile-basierten Interventionen (IMIs) für verschiedene häufige psychische Störungen in unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen für welche bislang nur eine eingeschränkte empirische Evidenz vorgelegen hat (Kapitel 1-4). Diese vier Veröffentlichungen tragen damit grundlegend zur Evaluation der Wirksamkeit unter Labor- und Routine-Bedingungen bei, da der Nachweis dass diese Interventionen wirksam sind als eine notwendige Vorbedingung für nachfolgende Forschung über deren Wirkungsweisen angesehen werden kann. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines konzeptuellen und integrativen psychologischen Models über die Veränderungsmechanismen digitaler Interventionen für depressive Störungen als Rahmenwerk für die (digitalisierte) Psychotherapieprozessforschung (Kapitel 5). Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wird den Chancen und Grenzen von digitalisierten Ansätzen im Feld der Psychotherapieprozessforschung nachgegangen und diese in einem Perspektivenartikel kritisch diskutiert (Kapitel 6). Der vierte Teil beschreibt die Ergebnisse einer Meta-Analyse zu den Effekten einzelner Interventionskomponenten von IMIs gegen Angststörungen (Kapitel 7). Der fünfte Teil – welcher als Herzstück dieser Dissertation angesehen werden kann – widmet sich den Mediatoren und Veränderungsmechanismen digitaler Interventionen in vier verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen: für die Prävention von depressiven Störungen bei Patient:innen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen (Kapitel 8), für eine Reihe von häufigen psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (Kapitel 9), sowie bei der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung von Angststörungen (Kapitel 10) und Depression (Kapitel 11) im Erwachsenenalter. Dabei kommen drei verschiedene Studiendesigns zum Einsatz: eine Sekundäranalyse eines multizentrischen RCTs, zwei systematische Übersichtsarbeiten und ein meta-analytischer Strukturgleichungsansatz. Schließlich werden im sechsten und letzten Teil dieser Dissertation die Ergebnisse integriert und zusammenfassend diskutiert. Alles in allem deuten die Befunde dieser Dissertation daraufhin, dass: (a) Digitale Interventionen für die wichtigsten häufigen psychischen Störungen über die Lebensspanne wirksam sind, und einen robusten Trend zu geringeren Effektstärken bei therapeutisch unbegleiteten (im Vergleich zu begleiteten) Interventionen sowie bei jüngeren Altersgruppen (Erwachsene > Jugendliche > Kinder) aufweisen. (b) Nach wie vor erhebliche Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit von Smartphone-basierten Interventionen bestehen. (c) Unterschiedliche Interventionskomponenten zur Wirksamkeit internet-basierter Interventionen beitragen – mit einer herausragenden Bedeutung von menschlicher Unterstützung und Komponenten, welche aktive Bewältigungsstrategien der Patient:innen befördern. (d) Der jeweilige therapeutische Hintergrund und die Störungsspezifität der Intervention sowie das Qualifikationsniveau unterstützender Fachkräfte (sogenannte e-Coaches) keinen Unterschied für die Wirksamkeit digitaler Interventionen bei Angststörungen machen könnten, so wie dies weitere meta-analytische Vergleiche andeuten. (e) Eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Mediatoren die Wirkung der Interventionen vermitteln, und dabei kognitiven Mediatoren bei Depression und Angststörungen offenbar eine herausgehobene Bedeutung zukommt. (f) Über alle Studien und Altersklassen hinweg Selbstwirksamkeit, Akzeptanz, Achtsamkeit, Reduktionen in dysfunktionalen Kognitionen, wahrgenommene Kontrolle sowie Emotionsregulation (insbesondere bei Jugendlichen) als am besten abgesicherte Mediatoren erscheinen. Abschließend werden im Rahmen dieser Dissertation Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung und Empfehlungen für die Methodik kommender Studien abgeleitet und diskutiert, die zu weitreichenderen und robusteren Kausalschlüssen beitragen können
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
Can You Sleep? – Effect of Retrospective Recall of Child Maltreatment on Sleep Parameters and the Mediating Role of Psychological Distress Among Students of Two German Universities
No full textMarion Jarczok,1,* Stephanie Lange,1,* Matthias Domhardt,2 Harald Baumeister,2 Andreas Jud1,3 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany; 2Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; 3School of Social Work, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Marion Jarczok, Department of Child and Adolescent, Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Ulm, Steinhövelstraße 5, Ulm, BW, 89075, Germany, Tel +49 731 500-61610, Fax +49 731 500-61602, Email [email protected]: Child maltreatment may be linked with long-term sleeping disorders and limited coping with stress. Yet, the potential relationships are only marginally studied.Patients and Methods: Based on a sample of young adults (n = 312) this study aims at exploring the effects of child maltreatment and the experience of threat to personal safety and life in childhood on sleep disturbances in early adulthood. Data were collected at the two study sites, Ulm University and Bielefeld University, by an online survey. For both risk factors, child maltreatment and the experience of threat to personal safety and life in childhood, a direct impact on sleep disturbances and an indirect path via psychological distress were tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).Results: In these models, the direct path to sleep disturbances turned out to be significant for the experience of threat to personal safety and life (Path C: b = 0.18, p = 0.013), but not for child maltreatment (Path C: b = 0.05, p = 0.491). However, the current level of psychological distress was found to have a mediating effect on sleep disturbances for both risk factors, thereby confirming indirect significant effects.Conclusion: Considering that the etiological pathway of child maltreatment on sleeping disturbances is mediated via psychological distress, this provides a venue to test in future research whether stress reduction interventions can reduce the negative consequences of child maltreatment on sleep disorders.Keywords: sleep disorders, child maltreatment, stress, unsafety, structural equation modellin
Digital Interventions for the Treatment of Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review
No full textThe high global prevalence of depression, together with the recent acceleration of remote care owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted increased interest in the efficacy of digital interventions for the treatment of depression. We provide a summary of the latest evidence base for digital interventions in the treatment of depression based on the largest study sample to date. A systematic literature search identified 83 studies (N = 15,530) that randomly allocated participants to a digital intervention for depression versus an active or inactive control condition. Overall heterogeneity was very high (I2 = 84%). Using a random-effects multilevel metaregression model, we found a significant medium overall effect size of digital interventions compared with all control conditions (g =.52). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences between interventions and different control conditions (WLC: g =.70; attention: g =.36; TAU: g =.31), significantly higher effect sizes in interventions that involved human therapeutic guidance (g =.63) compared with self-help interventions (g =.34), and significantly lower effect sizes for effectiveness trials (g =.30) compared with efficacy trials (g =.59). We found no significant difference in outcomes between smartphone-based apps and computer and Internet-based interventions and no significant difference between human-guided digital interventions and face-to-face psychotherapy for depression, although the number of studies in both comparisons was low. Findings from the current meta-analysis provide evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions for the treatment of depression for a variety of populations. However, reported effect sizes may be exaggerated because of publication bias, and compliance with digital interventions outside of highly controlled settings remains a significant challenge
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