1,720,981 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Digital interventions for common mental disorders across the lifespan: Exploring active ingredients and mechanisms of change
No full textCommon mental disorders (CMD), such as depression and anxiety, are among the main contributors to the global burden of disease across age groups. Although a range of evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions for these prevalent disorders exist, many patients receive no empirically-supported psychotherapeutic intervention due to the unavailability of mental health care services and other significant structural and individual barriers to treatment. Digital mental health interventions might represent an important approach to overcome this treatment gap and extend evidence-based psychotherapeutic service provisions, given some specific features like delivery independent from space and time, potential cost-effectiveness, scalability as well as possible anonymity. While the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions for most CMD in different age groups are established by dozens of randomized controlled trials (RCT) by now, comprehensive knowledge on the active ingredients and mechanisms of change in these interventions is still lacking. Insights on the active ingredients, mediators and working mechanisms is of high scientific and clinical relevance though, as it can inform the empirically-supported advancement of interventions and clinical practices, striving for augmented and efficient interventions with better treatment outcomes. As such, the overarching aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the knowledge on the active ingredients and processes of change in digital interventions for CMD across the lifespan, enhancing our understandings whereby and how these interventions work. To this end, a series of studies building on different methodologies were conducted, in order to meet the specific research questions at hand – with a particular focus on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs, providing the most comprehensive and best-available evidence. In specific, part I of this dissertation describes the systematic evaluation of the efficacy, effectiveness and quality of internet- and mobile-based interventions for different CMD across age groups with limited evidence so far (Chapters 1-4). These chapters contribute to the evaluation of the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions, since the establishment that these interventions work is a fundamental prerequisite for all subsequent research on change mechanisms. Part II designates a conceptual and integrative psychological model of the mechanisms of change in digital interventions for depression as a principal framework for (digitalized) research on psychotherapy processes (Chapter 5). In part III, the novel possibilities as well as the challenges of digitalized approaches to psychotherapy process research are outlined and discussed in a perspective paper (Chapter 6). Part IV describes the results of a systematic review and meta-analysis on the incremental effects of distinct intervention components of digital interventions for anxiety disorders in adults (Chapter 7). Part V can be conceived as the heart of this dissertation and is dedicated to the mediators and mechanisms of change in digital interventions in four different settings: for the prevention of depression in patients with chronic back pain (Chapter 8), for several CMD in youth (Chapter 9), as well as for the psychological treatment of anxiety (Chapter 10) and depression (Chapter 11) in adults. These studies rely on three different methodologies, namely a secondary analysis of a multicenter RCT, two systematic reviews and a meta-analytic structural equation modeling approach. Overall, the results of this dissertation highlight that: (a) Digital interventions are effective for a range of CMD across the lifespan, with a robust trend of smaller effect sizes in unguided interventions (compared to guided interventions) and in interventions for younger age groups (i.e., adults > adolescents > children). (b) Uncertainties exist around the efficacy of mobile-based interventions. (c) A range of intervention components contribute to the efficacy of internet-based interventions, with an overarching importance of human guidance and modules that support the active coping of patients. (d) The qualification of e-coaches, the respective theoretical background and the disorder-specificity of interventions may not make a difference for the efficacy in anxiety disorders, as suggested by further meta-analytical evaluations. (e) A variety of distinct mediators transmit the efficacy of interventions, with cognitive factors appearing to be of particular relevance in depression and anxiety disorders. (f) Across studies, the best established, significant mediators are acceptance, mindfulness, self-efficacy, reductions in dysfunctional cognitions, perceived control and mastery, as well as emotion regulation particularly in youth. Finally, in part VI, the findings of this dissertation are integrated and discussed. Furthermore, implications for future research and methodological recommendations for forthcoming studies with more pertinent designs, allowing for inferences with higher causal certainty, are provided.Depression und Angststörungen gehören über alle Altersgruppen hinweg zu den häufigsten psychischen Störungen und tragen substantiell zur weltweiten Krankheitslast bei. Obgleich eine Reihe von evidenz-basierten psychotherapeutischen Interventionen für diese prävalenten Erkrankungen vorliegen, erhält eine Vielzahl von Patient:innen keine empirisch-fundierte Intervention aufgrund nur unzureichend zur Verfügung stehender psychotherapeutischer Versorgungsangebote sowie weiterer bedeutender struktureller und individueller Barrieren, welche einer Behandlung entgegenstehen. Digitale psychotherapeutische Interventionen könnten einen bedeutsamen Beitrag zur Überwindung dieser Versorgungslücke leisten und zu einer Ausweitung psychotherapeutischer Behandlungsangebote führen. Dabei dürften manche ihrer spezifischen Eigenschaften zum Tragen kommen, wie etwa die Nutzungsmöglichkeit rund um die Uhr losgelöst von räumlichen Beschränkungen, der potentiellen Kosten-Effektivität, Skalierbarkeit sowie möglichen Anonymität in der Umsetzung. Wenngleich die Wirksamkeit digitaler psychotherapeutischer Interventionen für die meisten häufigen psychischen Störungen in verschiedenen Altersgruppen durch zahlreiche randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien (RCT) zwischenzeitlich als gut belegt anzusehen ist, besteht immer noch ein Mangel an fundiertem Wissen über deren Wirkfaktoren und Veränderungsmechanismen. Ein umfassendes und vertieftes Verständnis über die therapeutisch-relevanten Wirkfaktoren, Mediatoren und spezifischen Wirkungsweisen wäre jedoch von hoher wissenschaftlicher und klinischer Bedeutung, da diese Erkenntnisse eine empirisch-begründete Weiterentwicklung der Interventionen und klinischen Praxis ermöglichen würden. Darüber könnte ein wichtiger Beitrag zu optimierten und effizienteren Interventionen mit verbesserten Behandlungsergebnissen geleistet werden. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Dissertation besteht dementsprechend darin, zu einem erweiterten und vertieften empirisch-begründeten Wissen über die therapeutisch-aktiven Wirkfaktoren und Veränderungsmechanismen digitaler Interventionen für häufige psychische Erkrankungen über die Lebensspanne beizutragen, und damit unser Verständnis zu verbessern, wodurch und auf welche Weisen diese Interventionen wirken. Um dieses übergeordnete Ziel zu erreichen und um die jeweiligen spezifischen Forschungsfragen der einzelnen Untersuchungen so gut wie möglich beantworten zu können, wurde eine Reihe von Studien mit unterschiedlicher Methodologie durchgeführt – mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und Meta-Analysen von RCTs, da diese die umfassendste und aussagekräftigste Evidenz aufbereiten und erbringen können. Im einzelnen widmet sich der erste Teil dieser Dissertation der systematischen Evaluation der Wirksamkeit und Qualität von Internet- und mobile-basierten Interventionen (IMIs) für verschiedene häufige psychische Störungen in unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen für welche bislang nur eine eingeschränkte empirische Evidenz vorgelegen hat (Kapitel 1-4). Diese vier Veröffentlichungen tragen damit grundlegend zur Evaluation der Wirksamkeit unter Labor- und Routine-Bedingungen bei, da der Nachweis dass diese Interventionen wirksam sind als eine notwendige Vorbedingung für nachfolgende Forschung über deren Wirkungsweisen angesehen werden kann. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der Entwicklung eines konzeptuellen und integrativen psychologischen Models über die Veränderungsmechanismen digitaler Interventionen für depressive Störungen als Rahmenwerk für die (digitalisierte) Psychotherapieprozessforschung (Kapitel 5). Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wird den Chancen und Grenzen von digitalisierten Ansätzen im Feld der Psychotherapieprozessforschung nachgegangen und diese in einem Perspektivenartikel kritisch diskutiert (Kapitel 6). Der vierte Teil beschreibt die Ergebnisse einer Meta-Analyse zu den Effekten einzelner Interventionskomponenten von IMIs gegen Angststörungen (Kapitel 7). Der fünfte Teil – welcher als Herzstück dieser Dissertation angesehen werden kann – widmet sich den Mediatoren und Veränderungsmechanismen digitaler Interventionen in vier verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen: für die Prävention von depressiven Störungen bei Patient:innen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen (Kapitel 8), für eine Reihe von häufigen psychischen Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter (Kapitel 9), sowie bei der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung von Angststörungen (Kapitel 10) und Depression (Kapitel 11) im Erwachsenenalter. Dabei kommen drei verschiedene Studiendesigns zum Einsatz: eine Sekundäranalyse eines multizentrischen RCTs, zwei systematische Übersichtsarbeiten und ein meta-analytischer Strukturgleichungsansatz. Schließlich werden im sechsten und letzten Teil dieser Dissertation die Ergebnisse integriert und zusammenfassend diskutiert. Alles in allem deuten die Befunde dieser Dissertation daraufhin, dass: (a) Digitale Interventionen für die wichtigsten häufigen psychischen Störungen über die Lebensspanne wirksam sind, und einen robusten Trend zu geringeren Effektstärken bei therapeutisch unbegleiteten (im Vergleich zu begleiteten) Interventionen sowie bei jüngeren Altersgruppen (Erwachsene > Jugendliche > Kinder) aufweisen. (b) Nach wie vor erhebliche Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit von Smartphone-basierten Interventionen bestehen. (c) Unterschiedliche Interventionskomponenten zur Wirksamkeit internet-basierter Interventionen beitragen – mit einer herausragenden Bedeutung von menschlicher Unterstützung und Komponenten, welche aktive Bewältigungsstrategien der Patient:innen befördern. (d) Der jeweilige therapeutische Hintergrund und die Störungsspezifität der Intervention sowie das Qualifikationsniveau unterstützender Fachkräfte (sogenannte e-Coaches) keinen Unterschied für die Wirksamkeit digitaler Interventionen bei Angststörungen machen könnten, so wie dies weitere meta-analytische Vergleiche andeuten. (e) Eine Reihe unterschiedlicher Mediatoren die Wirkung der Interventionen vermitteln, und dabei kognitiven Mediatoren bei Depression und Angststörungen offenbar eine herausgehobene Bedeutung zukommt. (f) Über alle Studien und Altersklassen hinweg Selbstwirksamkeit, Akzeptanz, Achtsamkeit, Reduktionen in dysfunktionalen Kognitionen, wahrgenommene Kontrolle sowie Emotionsregulation (insbesondere bei Jugendlichen) als am besten abgesicherte Mediatoren erscheinen. Abschließend werden im Rahmen dieser Dissertation Implikationen für zukünftige Forschung und Empfehlungen für die Methodik kommender Studien abgeleitet und diskutiert, die zu weitreichenderen und robusteren Kausalschlüssen beitragen können
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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