1,721,023 research outputs found
Inventor mobility and productivity in Italian regions
No full textThis paper describes the interregional and international mobility of inventors in Italy and estimates its impact on total factor productivity (TFP) at the regional level for the period 1996–2011. A new database of mobile inventors is constructed and, using a set of geographically based instruments to address endogeneity, it shows that inventor in- and outflows affect regional TFP growth. Moreover, the positive effects of the inventors’ mobility (inflow) between different applicants take more time to materialize (relative to movements within the same company). Finally, the negative effects of inventor outflows are mainly driven by mobility between applicants.status: Published onlin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Disambiguation by namesake risk assessment
Full text linkMost bibliometric databases only provide names as the handle to their careers leading to the issue of namesakes. We introduce a universal method to assess the risk of linking documents of different individuals sharing the same name with the goal of collecting the documents into personalized clusters. A theoretical setup for the probability of drawing a namesake depending on the number of namesakes in the population and the size of the observed unit replaces the need for training datasets, thereby avoiding a namesake bias caused by the inherent underestimation of namesakes in training/benchmark data.
A Poisson model based on a master sample of unambiguously identified individuals estimates the main component, the number of namesakes for any given name. To implement the algorithm, we reduce the complexity in the data by resolving similarity in properties. At the core of the implementation is a mechanism returning the unit size of the intersected mutual properties linking two documents. Because of the high computational demands of this mechanism, it is a necessity to discuss means to optimize the procedure
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The SearchEngine: A holistic approach to matching
No full textThe SearchEngine is an open source project providing an integrated framework for diverse matching activities, especially the linkage of large scale firm data by fuzzy criteria like company names and addresses. At its core, it utilizes an efficient candidate retrieval mechanism implementing a word respectively token driven heuristic. Every record in one table becomes a search term to retrieve similar candidate records in the base table according to a search strategy replacing blocking strategies of conventional matching efforts. Because similarity is inherently established by the candidate selection, it is only required to filter false positives by using the meta data export file derived from the matching heuristic to implement a machine learning approach. This paper discusses the general foundation of the heuristic and the algorithm while two detailed walkthroughs of company linkages show practical examples
Inventor mobility index : a method to disambiguate inventor careers
Full text linkUsually patent data does not contain any unique identifiers for the patenting assignees or the inventors, as the main tasks of patent authorities is the examination of applications and the administration of the patent documents as public contracts and not the support of the empirical analysis of their data. An inventor in a patent document is identified by his or her name. Depending on the patent authority the full address or parts of it may be included to further identify this inventor. The goal is to define an inventor mobility index that traces the career of an inventor as an individual with all the job switches and relocations approximated by the patents as potential milestones. The inventor name is the main criteria for this identifier. The inventor address information on the other hand is only of limited use for the definition of a mobility index. The name alone can work for exotic name variants, but for more common names the problem of namesakes gets in the way of identifying individuals. The solution discussed here consists in the construction of a relationship network between inventors with the same name. This network will be created by using all the other information available in the patent data. These could be simple connections like the same applicant or just the same home address, up to more complex connections that are created by the overlapping of colleagues and co-inventors, similar technology fields or shared citations. Traversal of these heuristically weighted networks by using methods of the graph theory leads to clusters representing a person. The applied methodology will give uncommon names a higher degree of freedom regarding the heuristic limitations than the more common names will get
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